TIMELINE:-
1820s: Henry Louis Vivian Derozio teaches at Hindu College, inspiring the Young Bengal
Movement
1827: Jyotirao Phule is born
1829: Sati is banned following Rammohun Roy's campaign
Untouchables still excluded from government schools in Bombay Presidency
1830: Brahmo Samaj established
Mid-19th century: Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar establishes schools for girls in Calcutta and
Bombay
1864: Veda Samaj established
1867: Prarthana Samaj formed
1870s: Singh Sabha Movement begins
Non-Brahman movements against caste discrimination emerge
1875: Aligarh Movement initiated by Sayyid Ahmed Khan
Late 19th century: Arya Samaj and Jyotirao Phule establish schools for girls
Early 20th century: Muslim women like the Begums of Bhopal promote education for women
1920s: Dr. B.R. Ambedkar leads temple entry movements
1929: Child Marriage Restraint Act passed.
IMPORTANT PEOPLE:-
1. Rammohun Roy:
Advocated for women's rights and education
Campaigned against sati
Influenced other reformers
2. Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar:
Established schools for girls in Calcutta and Bombay
3. Jyotirao Phule:
Advocated against caste injustices
Challenged Brahmin claims of superiority
Wrote "Gulamgiri" about caste oppression
4. Dr. B.R. Ambedkar:
Led temple entry movements
Advocated for reorganization of Hindu society based on equality
Fought against caste discrimination
5. E.V. Ramaswamy Naicker (Periyar):
Key figure in the Non-Brahman movement
Advocated for lower caste rights
Criticized religious texts perpetuating caste distinctions
6. Pandita Ramabai:
Established a shelter for widows
Wrote about oppressive conditions faced by women
7. Tarabai Shinde:
Critiqued societal norms regarding women's roles
8. Begums of Bhopal:
Promoted education for women
Founded schools
9. Sayyid Ahmed Khan:
Initiated the Aligarh Movement for modern education for Muslims
10. Swami Vivekananda:
Founded the Ramakrishna Mission
Emphasized social service and nationalism
11. Henry Louis Vivian Derozio:
Inspired the Young Bengal Movement
Advocated for women's education and freedom of thought
• Major Social Issues:
Practice of sati (widow self-immolation)
Child marriage
Restrictions on women's education and rights
Caste-based discrimination and untouchability
• Key Reforms and Legislation:
Banning of sati in 1829
Establishment of schools for girls
Child Marriage Restraint Act of 1929
Movements for temple entry by untouchables
• Prominent Reformers and Their Contributions:
Rammohun Roy: Campaigned against sati, promoted women's rights
Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar: Established girls' schools in Calcutta and Bombay
Jyotirao Phule: Fought against caste injustices, wrote "Gulamgiri"
Dr. B.R. Ambedkar: Led temple entry movements, advocated for caste equality
E.V. Ramaswamy Naicker (Periyar): Led Non-Brahman movement
• Important Social Movements:
Brahmo Samaj (1830): Rejected idolatry, promoted social reform
Prarthana Samaj (1867): Worked to abolish child marriage and promote women's
education
Arya Samaj: Established schools for girls
Aligarh Movement (1875): Focused on modern education for Muslims
Non-Brahman movement: Challenged Brahmin dominance and caste discrimination
• Impact of British Rule and Urbanization:
New forms of communication (books, newspapers) spread reform ideas
Industrialization created job opportunities for lower castes in urban areas
British legal reforms influenced social change
• Women's Empowerment:
Gradual increase in women's access to education
Women reformers like Pandita Ramabai and Tarabai Shinde emerged
Muslim women (e.g., Begums of Bhopal) promoted education for women
