Front End Engineering Design For: West To East Pipelines (Wep) Project

ADNOC Classification: Internal
Front End Engineering Design

For
WEST TO EAST PIPELINES (WEP) PROJECT

Project No.: P30312
Contract No.:
Document No.: 30-99-23-0606
BASIS OF DESIGN
ONSHORE PIPELINES
1 14/03/2021 ME(OS) SME(KN) CE-ME(AS) Issued for Tender
A 26/09/2021 ME(RH) SME(KN) CE-ME(AS) Issued for Review
APPROVED/
REV. DATE ORIGINATOR REVIEWED DESCRIPTION
ENDORSED
THIS DOCUMENT IS INTENDED FOR USE BY ADNOC ONSHORE AND ITS NOMINATED CONTRACTORS, MANUFACTURERS AND SUPPLIERS.
ORIGINATOR: TECHNICAL CENTER (ENGINEERING)
ORIGINATOR Document No.: 30-99-23-0606
Page: 1 of 47
Basis of Design – Onshore Pipeline
SHEETS INDEX AND REVISIONS
Rev No. Section Revision Description
A All Issued for Review
1 All Issued for Tender
HOLDS
Hold No. Section Hold Description
Project No.: P30312 Revision: 1 Page: 2 of 47

Document No.: 30-99-23-0606 Date: 14/03/2022
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................................. 5
1.1 PROJECT DESCRIPTION ............................................................................................................... 6
1.2 SCOPE ............................................................................................................................................. 6
1.3 DEFINITIONS................................................................................................................................... 7
1.4 ABBREVIATIONS ............................................................................................................................ 7
2. ORDER OF PRECEDENCE ............................................................................................................ 9
2.2 REFERENCE CODES, STANDARDS AND SPECIFICATIONS ................................................... 10
2.3 QUALITY ASSURANCE/ QUALITY CONTROL ............................................................................ 13
2.4 SAFETY ......................................................................................................................................... 13
3. PIPELINE DESIGN ........................................................................................................................ 14
3.1 DESIGN PHILOSOPHY AND OPERATING REQUIREMENTS .................................................... 14
3.1.1 Bends ............................................................................................................................................. 14
3.1.2 Valves ............................................................................................................................................. 15
3.1.3 Sectionalizing Block Valve Stations (BVS) .................................................................................... 16
3.1.4 Branch Connection and Fittings ..................................................................................................... 16
3.1.5 Pipeline Pigging ............................................................................................................................. 17
3.1.6 Testing and Pre-Commissioning .................................................................................................... 18
3.2 DESIGN CODE LIMITS ................................................................................................................. 18
3.3 DESIGN DATA ............................................................................................................................... 19
3.3.1 Design Life ..................................................................................................................................... 19
3.3.2 Environmental Data ........................................................................................................................ 19
3.3.3 Terrain and Geology ...................................................................................................................... 20
3.3.4 Pipeline Categories ........................................................................................................................ 20
3.4 ROUTING ....................................................................................................................................... 20
3.4.1 Route Survey.................................................................................................................................. 22
3.4.2 Pipeline Separation Distances ....................................................................................................... 23
3.4.3 Establishment of Location Classes ................................................................................................ 24
3.5 PIPELINE MECHANICAL DESIGN ............................................................................................... 25
3.5.1 Hoop Stress Design Factor ............................................................................................................ 25
3.5.2 Pipeline Wall Thickness ................................................................................................................. 26
3.5.3 Stress Analysis ............................................................................................................................... 27
3.5.4 Minimum Elastic Bend Radius ....................................................................................................... 32
3.5.5 Road/ Rig/ Track Crossing Calculations ........................................................................................ 33
3.5.6 Pipeline Transition at Above Ground – Below Ground .................................................................. 34
3.5.7 Upheaval Buckling Analysis ........................................................................................................... 35
3.5.8 On-bottom Stability of Pipelines ..................................................................................................... 37
3.5.9 Pipeline Burial Depth ...................................................................................................................... 38
3.6 CROSSING with Existing Facility ................................................................................................... 39
3.6.1 Road/ Rig Road/ Railway Crossings .............................................................................................. 39
3.6.2 Foreign services crossings ............................................................................................................. 40
3.6.3 Corridors Crossing ......................................................................................................................... 41
3.6.4 Wadi Crossings .............................................................................................................................. 41
3.6.5 Livestock Passageways ................................................................................................................. 42
3.6.6 Maintenance access crossing ........................................................................................................ 42
3.6.7 Water reservoir crossings .............................................................................................................. 42
3.6.8 Water Catchment Pond crossings.................................................................................................. 43
3.6.9 Mountain Crossing ......................................................................................................................... 43
3.7 PIPELINE COMPONENTS ............................................................................................................ 43
3.7.1 Line Pipe ........................................................................................................................................ 43
3.7.2 Barred Tees.................................................................................................................................... 43
3.7.3 Flanges ........................................................................................................................................... 43
3.7.4 Pig Signaller ................................................................................................................................... 44
3.7.5 Isolating Joints................................................................................................................................ 44
3.8 CORROSION PROTECTION ........................................................................................................ 44
3.8.1 External Corrosion Coating ............................................................................................................ 44
3.8.2 Field Joint Coating ......................................................................................................................... 44

Document No.: 30-99-23-0606 Date: 14/03/2022
3.8.3 Cathodic Protection ........................................................................................................................ 45

3.9 PIPELINE WELDING & NDT TESTING ......................................................................................... 45
3.10 PRESSURE TESTING ................................................................................................................... 45
3.11 PRESERVATION OF PIPELINES ................................................................................................. 46
3.12 PIPELINE MARKERS .................................................................................................................... 46
3.13 PIPELINE BASELINE SURVEY..................................................................................................... 46
ATTACHMENT -1 WEP SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM

Document No.: 30-99-23-0606 Date: 14/03/2022
1. INTRODUCTION
Abu Dhabi National Oil Company is the state-owned Energy COMPANY of Abu Dhabi and operates
across the oil & gas value chain ranging from upstream, refining, marketing through to
petrochemicals, amongst others. ADNOC intends to build its trading platform at global centres with
an initial focus on Fujairah.
Figure 1: United Arab Emirates Map
In addition, ADNOC envisages a Business-As-Usual Case, where a permanent trading

platform/MOT to be established on the Gulf of Oman coast. The anticipated location for the new
MOT/ Trading platform is Fujairah.
The broad definitions of the business cases are:
Business Continuity:
Business Continuity case aims to ensure continued export of selected Refinery Products (Naphtha,
Jet-A1, Gas-Oil) and three Offshore Crude Grades (Das, Zakum and Umm Lulu) in the event the
existing water channel (Strait of Hormuz) is inaccessible for 3 months (92 days).
Business-As-Usual:
Operation of 12 months (365 days) via the land route, which will bypass the Strait of Hormuz for the
selected products. ADNOC’s business maintained as normal with no interruption to export of
selected Refinery Products (Naphtha, Jet-A1, and Gas-Oil) and Offshore Crude Grades (Das,
Zakum, and Umm Lulu).

Document No.: 30-99-23-0606 Date: 14/03/2022
1.1 PROJECT DESCRIPTION
The West East Pipeline Project involves constructing new onshore pipeline from the Western Region
to the Eastern Coast of UAE as per the following:
• Crude pipeline from Jebel Dhanna to Fujairah.
Refer to figure 2 below for an overall pipeline distribution across the various areas for crude oil
pipeline.
Figure 2: West East Pipeline for Crude Oil

The project also involves installing the following key facilities at each of JD, Sweihan, Musaffah,
Habshan, and Fujairah.
1.2 SCOPE
This document defines the minimum set of requirements applicable for the design of onshore crude
oil pipeline. The design requirements cover both aboveground section and underground section of
pipeline. This document is based on AGES-SP-10-003, in addition to project specific requirment
specified in this document.
The pipeline scope/ battery limits shall be defined by means of code break between ASME B31.4 and
the piping code ASME B31.3 indicated in the relevant P&ID’s.

Document No.: 30-99-23-0606 Date: 14/03/2022
1.3 DEFINITIONS
The terms used in this document are defined as below.
COMPANY The Abu Dhabi Company for Onshore Petroleum Operations

Limited( traded as ADNOC Onshore) The COMPANY, The
Owner, The Client, The End User
Contractor The party which carries out all or part of the design,
engineering, procurement, construction, commissioning or
management of the project.
Manufacturer/ Vendor The party (parties) which manufactures and/or supplies
materials, equipment, technical documents or drawings and/or
services to perform the duties specified by the COMPANY.
may Is used where alternatives/ actions are equally acceptable.
must Indicates a legal or statutory requirement
shall Indicates mandatory requirement
should Indicates a strong recommendation to comply with the

requirements of this document.
1.4 ABBREVIATIONS
ADNOC Abu Dhabi National Oil Company

ADCOP Abu Dhabi Crude Oil Pipeline
AGES ADNOC Group Engineering Specification
AGP ADNOC Gas Processing
AON ADNOC Onshore
BAU Business as Usual
Bbl Barrel
BC Business Continuity
CALM Catenary Anchor Mooring
CICPA Critical Infrastructure and Costal Protection Authority
CP Cathodic Protection
CRD Crude Oil DAS
CRF Crude Receiving Project
DCA Deviation Change Authorization
DEL Dolphin Energy Limited
DEP (Shell) Design Engineering Practice
DRA Drag Reducing Agent
D/t Pipe Diameter to Wall Thickness ratio
EDG Electrical Diesel Generator
ES Engineering Standards Specification
ESD Emergency Shutdown

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ETIMAD ETIMAD Strategic Security Solutions

FOC Fibre Optic Cable
GIS Geographical Information System
HDD Horizontal Directional Drilling
HSE Health, Safety, Environment
HAZID Hazard Identification Study
HAZOP Hazard and Operability Study
HSEMS Health, Safety and Environment Management System
HSEIA Health, Safety, Environmental Impact Assessment
ICSS Integrated Control and Safety System
IPS Intermediate Pumping Station
JD Jebel Dhanna
JPS Jebel Dhanna Pumping Station
MOL Mail Oil Line
MOT Mail Oil Terminal
MPS Main Pumping Station
NDT Non Destructive Testing
NOC No Objection Certificate
OPEX Operational Expenditure
QA/QC Quality Assurance/ Quality Control
QRA Quantitative Risk Assessment
NOC No Objection Certificate
RAM Reliability/ Availability/ Maintainability
RDS Remote Degassing Station
ROW Right Of Way
SAW Submerged Arc Welding
SMYS Specified Minimum Yield Strength
UG Under Ground
WI Water Injection

Document No.: 30-99-23-0606 Date: 14/03/2022
2. ORDER OF PRECEDENCE
The precedence of different applicable standards, specifications and project specifications shall follow
the order:
➢ The laws, standards, and regulations of United Arab Emirates

➢ ADNOC code of practice (ADNOC CoP)
➢ Project documents, Specifications, Data Sheets and Drawings
➢ ADNOC Group Engineering Specifications (AGES) & ADNOC Onshore applicable
standard engineering Specifications (ES), Engineering procedures (EP) and applicable/
referenced Shell DEPs
➢ International oil & gas industry codes, standards, and recommended practices
➢ Internationally recognized oil and gas industry practices (where all specified in above or,
where none of the above is applicable, as proposed by Contractor and approved by
COMPANY)
In cases of conflict among documents of the same levels in the hierarchy, the most stringent
requirements shall apply. In such cases, the CONTRACTOR shall provide its interpretation in
writing of the most stringent requirement for approval by COMPANY. In all such cases of conflict
COMPANY decision shall be final.
The revision of documents current at the time of contract award shall be applicable, unless stated
otherwise.
2.1 COMPLIANCE TO SPECIFICATIONS
Compliance with this Specification & Standards and documents referenced therein does not relieve
the CONTRACTOR/ Supplier of his responsibility to furnish units of proper design, quality of works
workmanship and the attainment of the design to meet the specified conditions & duties.
Where other Specifications and Standards referred in this Specification, it is the CONTRACTOR/
Supplier responsibility to obtain such documents and familiarize with the requirements thereof.
In the event of any conflict of information or requirement in any of the project applicable specified
documents and standards in which some of the requirement could be of more stringent, then the
CONTRACTOR/ Supplier shall carefully scrutiny on the most stringent requirements with regards,
to the safety, environmental, economic and legal aspects. In all cases, the CONTRACTOR/
Supplier shall provide the results of the analysis; in writing; for the COMPANY approval. In all such
cases of conflict, the COMPANY decision shall be final.
The facilities/ equipment design, manufacturing and installation shall deem to be in full compliance
with all specifications applicable in this document.

Document No.: 30-99-23-0606 Date: 14/03/2022
Any exception or deviation against specific requirment that is not possible to meet, due to technical
unavoidable constraint, shall be highlighted and submitted with justification to the COMPANY
through the electronic Technical Deviation system (e-TDF) for evaluation. Such exceptions/
deviations shall only be implemented after attaining COMPANY formal written approval through the
Management of Change (MOC) process and the Design Change Authorisation AGPM-MNL-003.
2.2 REFERENCE CODES, STANDARDS AND SPECIFICATIONS
All equipment will be specified to comply with appropriate UAE and COMPANY standards. Where
no suitable equipment UAE/ COMPANY standard is available, then equipment, which complies with
a recognized international standard, may be used, subject to COMPANY approval.
The applicable specifications/ standards referred to in this document are identifed as below.
Project Referenced Documents

30-99-23-0608 Pipeline Route Selection Report
30-99-91-0611 Pipeline Route Selection Workshop
30-99-23-0609 Pipeline Crossing Study Report
30-99-24-0603 Automatic Pigging & Batching System
30-78-93-0601 SoW–Geotechnical/ Hydrolgical/ HSEIA studies – Fujairah Mountains
30-99-68-0602 Specification for Fiber Optic Cable
30-99-93-0655 Scope of Work for Cathodic Protection
30-99-38-0601 Material Selection Report
03-99-11-0602 Process Design Basis
30-99-83-0704 Topographic Survey Report (Segment 1 to 4A)

30-99-83-0813 Topographic Survey Report (Segment 4B to 6)
30-99-83-0814 Topographic Survey Report (Segment 7 to 8 )
ADNOC Global Engineering Standards (AGES)
AGES-GL-03-001 Layouts & Safe Distances Guidelines
AGES-GL-07-001 Material Selection Guidelines
AGES-SP-07-001 Cathodic Protection Specification
AGES-SP-07-002 External Pipeline Coatings Specification
AGES-SP-07-004 Painting and Coating Specification
AGES-SP-09-003 Piping & Pipeline Valves Specification
AGES-SP-10-001 Line Pipe (Amendments/ Supplements to API Specification 5L 46th Edn)
AGES-SP-10-002 Specification for Subsea Pipeline Systems (Amendments/ Supplements to
DNV GL-ST-F101)
AGES-SP-10-003 Onshore Pipeline Design & Construction specification
AGES-SP-10-009 Pipeline Launchers and Receivers (Onshore)

Document No.: 30-99-23-0606 Date: 14/03/2022
AGES-SP-10-010 Hot Induction Bends

AGES-SP-10-013 Specification for Pipeline Isolating Joints
AGES-SP-10-011 Specification for Pipeline Pigging Tees
AGES-SP-10-012 HFW Linepipe Specification
AGES-SP-10-013 Pipeline Isolating Joint
AGPM-MNL-003 Design Change Authoriszation (DCA)
Engineering Specifications (ES)
30-99-00-0041-2 Welding of Pipeline and Related Facilities(Amendment /Supplement) to ISO
13847
30-99-12-0029 Pipeline Upheaval Buckling Calculations Methodology
30-99-22-0006 Pipeline Typical Details Drawings (All sheets except sheet 2/17)
30-99-22-0007 Pipeline Typical Details (Drawings)
30-99-23-0114 Pre-Commissioning of Pipelines
30-99-23-0115 Specification for Pipeline Isolating Joints Rev.2.
30-99-23-0123 Specification for Pipeline Flanges
30-99-37-0004 CIPS & DCVG Survey
30-99-68-0005 Laying Telecom Cables in the Vicinity of Pipes, Power Cables and Roads
30-99-90-0055 Pipeline Pre-commissioning and Preservation

30-99-90-0279 Site Applied Coating and Cathodic Protection for Pipeline Sections at Road/
Track/ Fence Crossings.
30-99-91-003 Guidelines for Preparation of a Project Health, Safety and Environmental
(HSE) Philosophy Document
31-38-60-10 A Hot-Tapping on Pipelines, Piping and Equipment
International Codes and Standards
API Specification 5L Line Pipe (46th Edition)
API Specification 5LC CRA Line Pipe
API Specification 5LD CRA Clad or Lined Steel Pipe
API Standard 1104 Welding Of Pipelines and Related Facilities
API RP 1102 Steel Pipelines Crossing Railroads and Highways
API RP 5LW Recommended Practice for Transportation of Line Pipe on Barges and Marine
Vessels
API RP 1102 Steel Pipelines Crossing Railroads and Highways
Pressure Testing of Steel Pipelines for the Transportation of Gas, Petroleum
API RP 1110
Gas, Hazardous Liquids, Highly Volatile Liquids or Carbon Dioxide
API RP 5L5 Recommended Practice for Marine Transportation of Line Pipe
API STD 1104 Welding of Pipelines and related Facilities
ASME B16.20 Metallic Gaskets for Pipe Flange
ASME B16.47
Large Diameter Steel Flanges: NPS 26 through NPS 60 Metric/ Inch Standard
ASME B16.5 Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings

Document No.: 30-99-23-0606 Date: 14/03/2022
ASME B16.9 Factory-made Wrought Buttwelding Fittings

ASME B31.3 Process Piping
ASME B31.4
Pipeline Transportation System for Liquid Hydrocarbons and Other Liquids.
ASTM A370 Standard Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel
Products
ASTM E164 Standard Practice for Contact Ultrasonic Testing of Weldments
ASTM E165 Standard Practices for Liquid Penetrant Examination
ASTM E709 Standard Guides for Magnetic Particle Testing
Standard Practice for Design, Manufacture and Material Grouping
ASTM E747
Classification of Wire Image Quality Indicators (IQI) Used for Radiology
ASTM E92 Standard Test Method for Vickers Hardness of Metallic Materials
BS EN 10204 Metallic Products - Types of Inspection Documents
BSI: PD 8010-1 Part-1: Steel Pipelines on Land.
ISO 3183-3 Petroleum and Natural Gas Industries - Steel Pipe for Pipelines
ISO 8501-1 Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related
products - Visual Assessment of Surface Cleanliness - Part 1: Rust Grades
and Preparation Grades of Uncoated Steel Substrates and of Steel Substrates
After Overall Removal of Previous Coatings
ISO 14313 Petroleum and Natural Gas Industries – Pipeline Transportation Systems –
Pipeline Valves
ISO 15156 (part 1, 2 & Petroleum and Natural Gas Industries - Materials for Use in H2S Containing
3) Environment in Oil & Gas Production.
ISO 15590-1 Petroleum and Natural Gas Industries – Induction Bends, Fittings and Flanges
for Pipeline Transportation Systems – Part 1: Induction Bends
ISO 15590-2 Petroleum and Natural Gas Industries – Induction Bends, Fittings and Flanges
for Pipeline Transportation Systems – Part 2: Fittings
ISO 15590-3 Petroleum and Natural Gas Industries -- Induction Bends, Fittings and Flanges
for Pipeline Transportation Systems -- Part 3: Flanges
ISO 13623 Petroleum and Natural Gas Industries Pipeline Transportation Systems
ISO 10474 Steel and Steel Products - Inspection Documents
ISO 15589-1 Petroleum and Natural Gas Industries – Cathodic Protection of Pipeline
Transportation Systems - Part 1: On-Land Pipeline
MSS SP-44 Steel Pipeline Flanges
MSS SP-75 Specification for High Test Wrought Welding Fittings
NACE MR 0175/ ISO Petroleum and Natural Gas Industries - Materials for Use in H2S-Containing
15156 (Part 1 to 3) Environments in Oil and Gas Production
NACE SP0177 Mitigation of Alternating Current and Lightning Effects on Metallic Structures
and Corrosion Control Systems
NACE STD RP0274 High-Voltage Electrical Inspection of Pipeline Coatings
NACE TM0284
Evaluation of Pipeline and Pressure Vessel Steels for Resistance to
Hydrogen-Induced Cracking
NACE SP0102 Standard Practice Inline Inspection of Pipelines

Document No.: 30-99-23-0606 Date: 14/03/2022
SSPC - SP Steel Structures Painting Council Surface Preparation
Others
International Journal for About Upheaval and Lateral Buckling of Embedded Pipelines by Dr. K. Peter
Piping, Engineering,
Practice 3R
International- Edition-
ESS-TSD-GEN-PRD-
2006 Smart Fence Crossing Procedure (CICPA)
0004
2.3 QUALITY ASSURANCE/ QUALITY CONTROL
The CONTRACTOR shall have in effect at all times, approved QA/ QC program, which clearly
establishes the authority and responsibility of those responsible for the quality system. Persons
performing quality functions shall have sufficient and well defined authority to enforce quality
requirements that initiate, identify, recommend and provide solutions to quality problems and verify
the effectiveness of the corrective action. Encroachment
CONTRACTOR shall submit QA/ QC program to the COMPANY for review & approval prior to
commencement of pipeline construction.
The CONTRACTOR shall identify in documents to its manufacturers, suppliers, vendors and
subCONTRACTORs all applicable QA/ QC requirements imposed by the COMPANY, and shall
ensure compliance. On request, CONTRACTOR shall provide objective evidence of its QA/ QC
surveillance for all levels of its activity.
The COMPANY reserves the right to inspect materials and workmanship at all stages of
manufacturing, fabrication & construction and also witness any or all tests. The CONTRACTOR
shall provide the COMPANY with a copy of the manufacturing and inspection plan for review and
inclusion of any mandatory COMPANY’s witness points.
Material certification and traceability shall be in accordance with section III of the AGES-SP-10-003.
2.4 SAFETY
CONTRACTOR shall be fully aware of the safety requirements of COMPANY for working in the
proximity of live facilities and shall strictly comply with the same.
At all times safety regulations within the development area shall be observed. The permit to work
system shall be fully understood before commencement of any work.
Required permit to work as applicable shall be in accordance with ADNOC Onshore Manual 10.
Further details regarding safety shall be as per AGES-GL-03-001.

Document No.: 30-99-23-0606 Date: 14/03/2022
3. PIPELINE DESIGN
The pipeline shall be designed in accordance with the relevant sections of ASME B31.4 and as
supplemented by this document.
Considering the strategic objective of the pipeline and the associated criticality along the pipeline
route crossing UAE from Jebel Dhana to Fujairah and passing through Urban, develeopment,
industrial, residential, private properties and multiple governates; different design factors are
established following ASME 31.8 approach identifying the location class and applicable design
factor.
The pipeline shall be designed taking into consideration the design and operating conditions and
requirements over its entire projected life cycle including final abandonment, the characteristics of
the fluids to be transported, the pressure and temperature requirements, the mode of operations,
the geographic location, and the environmental conditions.
3.1 DESIGN PHILOSOPHY AND OPERATING REQUIREMENTS
3.1.1 Bends
The use of hot bends shall be avoided and wherever possible, bends shall be formed by bending
the pipe using field/cold bends.
a) Elastic Bends
Use of elastic bends is not favourable for large size pipeline. If unavoidable, then it shall be
calculated as per minimum elastic bending radius in accordance with section 3.5.4.
b) Field Bends/ Cold Bends
The minimum bend radius shall be 40D, where D is the pipe outside diameter. However in case the
calculations prove that larger bend radius is needed, it shall be considered to avoid excessive
stresses. Maximum cold bend angle shall no exceed 45°.
Consecutive bends shall be spaced at least with 5 (five) meters tangent between them measured
along the pipeline axis, however in all cases the straight pipeline section between two consecutive
bends (field bends or induction bends) shall be greater than the longest commercial intelligent pig
dimensions or as specified in for pig traps whichever is greater.
c) Induction Bends
Induction bends may be specified wherever the installation of field bends is not practical, i.e., where
obstructions cannot be avoided or when limitation of space constraints.

Document No.: 30-99-23-0606 Date: 14/03/2022
Maximum bend angle shall not exceed 90° and hot bends shall follow standard angles of 22.5°, 45°
and 90°. Non-standard angles shall be avoided wherever practically possible.
Induction bends shall conform to the COMPANY engineering standard for hot induction bend
AGES-SP-10-010.
The minimum bend radius for pipe nominal diameters of 150mm (6in) and above shall be 5D and
for pipe nominal diameter less than 150mm (6in) shall be 10D (where D is the pipe outside
diameter). All induction bends shall be supplied with straight tangent ends at least 1000mm in
length.
Fabricated mitered or segmented bends are not allowed.
3.1.2 Valves
Mainline valves shall be either full bore ball valves or through conduit gate valves as per relevant
data sheets. Valves may be operated manually, pneumatic, hydraulic, or electric motor actuators,
as specified on the P&ID and relevant valve data sheet. Mainline pipeline valve shall be top entry
for easy maintenance unless otherwise specified in the relevant data sheet.
All main oil lines shall have battery limit MOV valves which shall be suitable for intelligent pigging.
Pipeline valve shall comply with the requirements of AGES-SP-09-003.
Aboveground valves inside main stations shall be flanged and shall comply with ASME B16.5/
MSS-SP-44. In BVS, pipeline sectionalising /block valves shall be welded and installed in concrete
pits.
ESD valve, Motor Operated Valve (MOV’s), and pipeline sectioning valves located in hazardous
area (as defined in hazardous area classification drawings) shall be certified fire safe in accordance
with the applicable standards.
Valve Type Function Cause
SV - Pipeline sectioning Local and remote operation
- Process isolation
Process variable exceeding trip
ESDV - Pipeline isolation at
limit plant ESD
plant battery limit
Pig trap Local actuation for pigging

- Pig trap isolation
isolation valve operation

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3.1.3 Sectionalizing Block Valve Stations (BVS)
Although the applicable pipeline design standard ASME B 31.4 don’t require sectionalising valves;
However, considering the criticality of the pipeline and nature of being routed through continious
rapid development areas; the design shall include the requirement for minimizing the impact on
environment by means of controlling inventory loss through introducing sectionalizing block Valve
Stations (BVS) at selected suitable locations and in alignment with existing ADCOP pipeline as
practical as possible. The number and location of these BVS’s shall be subject to the QRA/ HSEIA
study outcomes/ recommendations in case of additional BVS’s or location change deemed
required.
The FEED proposed number of BVS’s and selected locations are indicated in pipeline route
selection report and relevant pipeline drawings.
Subject to the QRA & EIA studies, the proposed location of BVS’s is considering the following:
- Incidental possible loss of inventory can be controlled along the profile by means
sectionalizing BVS
- Providing specific BVS at low point areas as per corrosion monitoring recommendation
- Providing BVS at/ nearby high-risk areas such as residential areas/ major road/ wadi
crossings
- Accessibility to BVS from ROW and nearby access roads
- Avoid water flooding area.
- Valve locations shall be rationalized to control possible leakage of crude in case of an

unlikely event of spillage at sensitive area, residential, major roads, mountainous regions etc.
- Proximity to existing ADCOP BVS
Block valves shall be full bore ball valves. The complete BVS facility will be enclosed in controlled
security fence following CICPA requirement.
The block valve shall be remote operation facility with provision of local operation. Each BVS shall
be equiped with proper connections for local pumping to drain pipeline section.
3.1.4 Branch Connection and Fittings
Pig trap nozzle fittings thickness shall meet the connected ASME B31.3 piping thickness, however
the material grade of the branch fitting shall be as per the pipeline specified material grade.

Document No.: 30-99-23-0606 Date: 14/03/2022
Threaded connections (pipe to pipe, fittings), slip-on flanges and mitered connections shall not be
used in any part of the pipeline system.
Pup pieces shall not be less than 300 mm in length or one pipe diameter whichever is greater.
All branch pipeline connections shall be provided with isolating valves to facilitate the isolation of
connected branch. The specification break between pipeline and piping codes shall preferably be at
first flange on connected branch.
For mechanical strength purpose, the minimum size for drain and instrument connections shall be
NPS 2inch for all pipeline system sections/ components including pig traps.
Gaskets for flanged connections shall be as per the project piping material specification applicable
piping class. Pipeline flanged connections shall be minimized and located above ground; as
practicable as possible; otherwise, concrete pit with proper access and protection may be allowed
subject to Company approval.
3.1.5 Pipeline Pigging
Crude oil pipeline shall be designed as piggable, including batch pigging. WEP crude oil pipeline
from JD to MOT is segregated as 3 pig-able sections as follows:
• JPS-MPS: Section 1(110 km)
• MPS-IPS: Section 2 (250 km)
• IPS-MOT: Section 3 (149 km)
For ILI purposes, maximum length of 250 KM will be considered for piggable pipeline section. The
following table defines the permanent and portable pig trap requirement for applicable pipeline
systems. Pig traps shall be designed in accordance with AGES-SP-10-009.
Pig Trap
Pig-able Permanent
Isolation
Pipeline System Design Pig Traps
Valves
(Y/N) (Y/N)
(Y/N)
Main Oil Lines – WEP /MOL Yes Yes Yes
Products Pipelines – Cross Fields & Cross

Yes Yes Yes
Country
Transfer lines/ Trunklines Yes Yes Yes

Notes: Pipeline pigging design is subject to the end user and integrity requirements
Pipeline section shall be designed suitable for maintenance/ inspection and intelligent pigging
operation. Gate valves if applicable in piggable line shall be of through conduit type. The bend
radius in piggable section of pipeline shall be 5D or higher, where D is calculated based on linepipe
nominal diameter.

Document No.: 30-99-23-0606 Date: 14/03/2022
Hydraulic/ electric actuated pig handling facility shall be provided as applicable and specified in the
FEED relevant document.
Non-piggable section of the pipeline/ piping arrangement shall be installed above ground level.
Considering the criticality of service for multi-crude transportation in batches during business
continuity scenario; automated pigging operation system was recommended to be implemented as
part of WEP project. Pig traps and automatic pegging operation system shall be designed to
facilitate at least one complete batching process for crude changing operation. Refer to
specification for Automatic Pigging & Batching System doc. No 30-99-24-0603
3.1.6 Testing and Pre-Commissioning
Pipeline procedures document required for the successful pre-commissioning & commissioning of
the project facilities shall be developed as part of detail engineering.
Cleaning, gauging, testing, drying, and pre-commissioning activities shall be performed in
accordance with Specification for Pipeline Cleaning, Gauging, Filling and Hydrostatic Testing
AGES-SP-10-014.
3.2 DESIGN CODE LIMITS
The demarcation between the pipeline and the facility is specified with break between pipeline
design code ASME B31.4 and the station piping design code ASME B31.3.
Design code break between ASME B31.4 and ASME B31.3 shall be used as shown in P&ID and or
as per AGES-SP-10-009 Pipelines Launcher & Receiver System.

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3.3 DESIGN DATA
3.3.1 Design Life
The design life of WEP crude oil pipeline shall be 30 years.
3.3.2 Environmental Data
The following climatic conditions are typical & generic at the job site; the project specific
environmental data shall be further confirmed based on actual field conditions.
Climatic Conditions
Wind: - Prevailing direction from NW

- Design wind speed 45 metre/sec
Ambient Temperature - Maximum solar 85C
- Maximum shade 58C
- Average shade 28C
- Minimum shade 4C
Soil Temperature at 1.0 m depth: - Summer 38C
- Winter 13 C
Humidity: - Relative maximum at 43C – 95%
Rainfall: - Infrequent
- Maximum 51 mm/year
Dew : - Heavy
Terrain Soil Type: - Mostly sand, loose to medium density
Features: - Desert areas, with traces of Sabkha
Special remarks
The site has fluctuating temperature and wind, combined with high humidity and persistent dust.
Heavy, salty dew is frequent. All equipment shall be designed for the maximum ambient
temperatures and surface temperatures subjected to solar radiation.
The winter season is characterised by winds, reaching gale force at times, preceded by clouds, rain
and thunderstorms.
Strong N.W. winds may persist for several days, often reaching gale force and accompanied by
widespread dust/ sandstorms for periods of 3-4 days. Severe fog conditions exist with visibility less
than 0.5 meters from midnight to 8 a.m. during the seasonal transition months of April to May and
October to November.
Rainfall is extremely rare in western region and common in eastern region of pipeline route. Flash
floods in wadis of Fujairah Mountain region is common. Measurable rainfall usually occurs on an
average of about 10 days per year, these being confined to the period from October to May. Heavy
showers and flash flooding during thunderstorms are common.
Sandstorms are frequent and saliferous dust adheres to all exposed surfaces

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3.3.3 Terrain and Geology
ADNOC onshore fields include terrains of sand dunes, rocky and Sabkha regions.
3.3.4 Pipeline Categories
The pipeline categorization shall be in accordance with fluid product types as per the table below.
Category Product Type Code Pipelines
➢ Fresh water
➢ Aquifer water
➢ Water injection headers/
A ASME flowlines
Non-flammable, water-based fluids.
B31.4 ➢ Produced water (treated)
lines
➢ Raw water supply
Flammable and / or fluids that are liquids at ambient ➢ Main Crude oil line
atmospheric pressure conditions. Typical examples ASME (Project Scope)
B ➢ Product pipelines
are oil and petroleum products. Methanol is an B31.4
example of a flammable and toxic fluid.
Non-flammable fluids that are non-toxic gases at ➢ Nitrogen gas

ambient temperature and atmospheric pressure ASME ➢ CO2 pipeline
C
conditions. Typical examples are nitrogen, carbon B31.8
dioxide, argon, and air.
D ASME• Natural gas

Non-toxic, single-phase natural gas.
B31.8
➢ Multiphase transfer lines
Flammable and/ or toxic fluids that are gases at
➢ All gas lines
E ambient temperature and atmospheric pressure
➢ Multiphase production
conditions and are conveyed as gases and / or
ASME flowlines
liquids. Typical examples are hydrogen, natural gas
B31.8 ➢ Fuel gas lines
(otherwise covered in category D), ethane, ethylene,
liquefied petroleum gas (such as propane and
butane), natural gas liquids, ammonia and chlorines.
3.4 ROUTING
Pipeline routing study shall be carried out by desktop study (Google earth) and shall be further verified
by latest GIS map, topography survey and ongoing projects parallel to route. These studies shall be
performed again in detail during detail engineering to confirm the FEED routes, in view of
developments along the corridor.
Pipeline shall be routed taking into considerations the following:
• Routing of WEP crude oil pipeline in common corridor i.e. ADCOP/ DEL, or existing pipelines.
• Minimize field congestion
• Shortest possible segments to minimize route lengths, following existing field corridors as
applicable.
• Optimum number of crossings along the route with existing facilities (road, rail, pipelines etc).

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• Minimize shutdown/ disturbance to adjacent facilities, roads, and access tracks etc.
• Feasibility of construction in sandy, sabkha and mountain region
• Maintain minimum safe clearances/ distances as per AGS-GL-03-001 and project HSE
philosophy.
• Avoid or minimize disturbances to natural environment & ecology.
• Avoid seismically active or archeologically sensitive areas along the route.
• Complying with HSE requirements & environmental regulations.
• Reduce the number of NOC’s requirement in order to expedite schedule
• Reduce the crossings or proximity with populated areas to apply optimum wall thickness/
design factor
Refer pipeline route selection report 30-99-23-0608 for basis of route details during FEED.
In case of future pipeline in corridor, then pipeline corridor shall be designed to accommodate
current and planned future pipelines. The future crude oil pipeline shall be laid in new trench with
space for permanent ROW.
In general, in a pipeline corridor, buried pipelines shall be routed at one side and aboveground
flowlines shall be separately routed on the other side. The pipeline corridor layout shall
accommodate the sequential installation of buried pipelines and aboveground flowlines to minimize
line crossings.
Clearances shall be provided between the buried pipelines and aboveground flowlines and headers
for easy access for operation, maintenance and inspection of these pipelines & flowlines and
installation of future pipelines & flowlines.
All pipelines shall be routed into main defined pipeline corridors before entering/ approaching
gathering stations and central gathering station.
An access road/track as permanent ROW with a minimum width of 6 meters shall be provided along
one side of the full length of WEP crude oil pipeline.
In the case of pipeline corridors, common access roads may be acceptable that can adequately
cover the new or existing ADNOC Onshore ROW. One access road should cover maximum three
or four pipelines in common trench from one side; at least; to allow maintenance/ repair of pipelines.
Pipeline ROW/ corridor shall not block access to any sector of the field or to any existing facility
unless otherwise provision for asphalt road and rig/ vehicle crossing is provided.

Document No.: 30-99-23-0606 Date: 14/03/2022
The effects of overhead power line parallelism shall be considered in detail for all metallic pipelines
located within 150m. In such cases the CP design shall be executed by a specialist CP engineering
consultant.
3.4.1 Route Survey
Pipeline topographic route survey carried as per ES 30-99-75-3202. During detail engineering,
detail topographical survey data as per AGES -SP-01-011 shall be available prior to carrying out
detailed design. Data shall include:
• Topographical data, location of Sabkha area, rocky area, location of sand dunes, types of
roads, tracks, and its density of traffic.
• Foreign facilities and ongoing construction work.
• Soil investigation for soil types, water table, soil properties etc.
• Soil resistivity for cathodic protection design.
• Population and building densities for the establishment of location classes, location of
inhabited buildings, considering any future land development plans, as advised by
government authorities.
• Records of any existing special features, which will need reinstatement after construction
is completed.
• Environmental data (climatic, floods, earthquakes, landslides, currents at Wadi crossings,

vegetation, fauna).
• Existing facilities within 150m and CP systems, which may influence pipeline design and
construction.
• Existing above ground and buried pipelines and cables.
• Existing overhead high voltage power lines.
• Existing pipelines crossing or running along the selected route within the survey area
limits.
• Existing archaeological sites
• Existing facilities owner name within 200m (from pipe centreline on both sides). E.g farms,
industrial areas, authorities etc

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3.4.2 Pipeline Separation Distances
The minimum clearances between the new pipelines and existing/ planned facilities/ services/
utilities shall be in accordance with the HSE document AGES-GL-03-001 & applicable project
HSE philosophy. Within corridors where pipelines are laid parallel to one another in a trench or
alongside/ across existing services, the pipelines are required to be laid with the minimum
distances as given in the following tables.
Minimum Separation
Existing Facility / Pipeline
(Note-1, 3)
New buried pipeline installed next to existing 3rd party pipeline 15 m

or MOL
New buried pipelines installed in separate trenches 10 m
New buried pipeline installed next to existing buried pipeline 10m

other than MOL
Existing Fence 6m
Notes:
1) The minimum distance for horizontal separation is measured from outside diameter of the pipe.
2) Natural grade level in case of aboveground supported pipe.
3) Due to reduced ROW at some locations, 10m separation in lieu of 15m is acceptable subject to
COMPANY approval on case-by-case basis and NOC availability.
Along the WEP route, generally 15m is maintained from existing & planned future pipelines unless
otherwise shown in pipeline routing plans/ alignment sheets.
3.4.2.1 Multiple Pipelines
Multiple pipelines in shared trenches or elevated embankment, maybe allowed due to limited
space or whenever multiple pipelines are laid at same time in accordance with the project specific
documents, and in no case, this shall affect the maintainability and operability of the pipelines.
In WEP project, current and future crude oil pipeline shall be laid in separate trenches. Refer trench
sections in pipeline routing plans/ alignment sheets.
In case of multiple pipelines are specified to share same trench or on elevated embankment, then
the number of shared pipeline and its separation distances shall be as per the following table:

Document No.: 30-99-23-0606 Date: 14/03/2022
Minimum
Maximum
Pipelines Horizontal
Pipeline Types Number of
Size (in) Distance (mm)
Pipelines
(Note-1)
Oil and gas production and Injection pipelines
(headers, transfer lines, trunk lines, export 2 Up to 36” 1000
lines and MOLs) – trench
Oil and gas production and injection pipelines
(headers, transfer lines, trunk lines, export
lines and MOLs) – elevated construction in 2 Up to 36” Note-2
Sabkha
Main Oil Lines / WEP crude oil pipeline

1 > 36” NA
Notes:
1) The minimum distance for horizontal separation is based on clear distance between outside
diameters of pipes.
2) Pipelines to be laid in different berms inside the same ROW separated with the 6.0m maintenance
road (engineering standard drawings ES30-99-22-0006 with the concept of “pipeline–maintenance
road–pipeline”.
Allowable separation distances for lateral buckling of single of multiple pipelines shall be calculated
on case-by-case basis for each pipeline taking into consideration pipelines sizes, design and
operating conditions, actual soil parameters and nature of Sabkha (dry or wet). Refer to typical
drawings AGES 30-99-22-0006 & 30-78-22-0651. Lateral buckling calculation methodology shall be
in accordance with 30-99-12-0611.
3.4.3 Establishment of Location Classes
WEP pipeline traverses’ emirates of Abu Dhabi, Sharjah, Ras Al Khaimah and Fujariah. All pipeline
route was studied thru google earth/desktop to locate the human population density. The location
study will be performed to count the buildings in a 400m wide, 1.6km long corridor section, as per the
requirements of ASME B 31.8 (Ref clause 840.2, Buildings intended for human occupancy).
Location class with associated design factor as per ASME B31.8 shall be applicable for the WEP
project considering the strategic objectives & criticality nature.
Based on the survey data and desktop studies, suitable location classes shall be specified along the
pipeline route in accordance with ASME B31.8 Article 840.2.
ASME B31.8 Article 840.2.2 identifies 4 location classes, ranging from location class 1(less populated
areas) to location class 4 (densely populated areas). The location class 1 division 2 with design factor
of 0.72 DF shall be minimum. For crossings, minimum design factor shall be 0.6 satisfying the
thickness requirement per API RP 1102. As the WEP crude oil pipeline route traverses through the

Document No.: 30-99-23-0606 Date: 14/03/2022
populated areas in some sections, location class 2 or higher shall be selected as per the existing
population habitation and or planned along the pipeline route. FEED study depicts location class 2 at
some sections. Refer pipeline route selection report doc. No. 30-99-23-0608 for extent of identified
populated areas.
3.5 PIPELINE MECHANICAL DESIGN
Pipeline mechanical design shall include the following:

- Wall thickness selection of pipe and bend mother pipe
- Crossing design (including trenchless)
- Stress analysis
- Buoyancy control
- Upheaval buckling control for buried pipelines
3.5.1 Hoop Stress Design Factor
Following design factors shall be used in calculating pipeline/ flowline wall thickness. The
predominant location class of WEP crude oil pipeline is location class1, div.2 (desert location) as
per ASME B31.8 listed below. Additional design factors of location class 2 or higher shall be
established per location class criteria by ASME B31.8. When adopting design factor, due
consideration shall be given to possible future development in the are
Location Location Class 1

Location Class 2
Div.2
General route 0.72 0.60
Crossings – unimproved public/ private roads, 0.60

rigs roads, highways, streets, Wadi 0.60 0.50 (for uncased public
roads/ highways)
Parallel encroachments – private roads,
unimproved public roads, highways, streets 0.72 0.60
(Note 1)
Fabricated Assemblies (Note 2) 0.60 0.60
Pipeline near population density 0.72 0.60

Pipeline within plant fences, block valve station
and pig trap stations, and up to 200m outside a 0.60 0.60
plant
Notes:
1) Parallel encroachments are defined as sections of a pipeline running parallel to existing roads
These sections shall be subject to QRA.
2) Fabricated assemblies include pig traps, valve stations, headers, etc.

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3.5.2 Pipeline Wall Thickness
3.5.2.1 Minimum wall thicknesses
The criteria governing selection of minimum nominal pipe wall thickness are as follows:
- Pipe Nominal wall thickness shall not be less than 4.8mm.
- Maximum D/t shall be 96 for pipelines on land.
Wall thickness shall be increased more than the designed thickness in case of integrity
requirements based on risk study recommendations for trenchless crossings of public highways,
railways, or water channels.
WEP crude oil pipeline shall be designed for uniform ID pipe, irrespective of variable wall
thickness. The ID corresponding to 0.72 DF shall be uniform along the pipeline including 0.6DF
section. The outside diameter of 0.6DF pipe shall be increased to compensate the increased wall
0.6DF thickness, thus creating constant ID pipe (i.e. ID of 0.72 DF) & non-standard OD pipe. This
non -standard OD pipe shall be applicable to pipe in stations and under crossings where 0.6DF is
required.
3.5.2.2 Calculation Methodology
It shall be calculated as per Para. 402.3 of ASME B31.4. The nominal wall thickness is calculated
in accordance with the following equations:
t = P x D/ 20 x S x F x E
Pipe wall thickness based on uniform internal diameter (Di) with custom pipe OD shall be
calculated as follows:
𝑃𝐷𝑖
𝑡𝑛𝑠 =
20 FxExS − 2P
Custom pipe OD (Dns) = Di + 2tns
And
Tn = t + A or tns +A
Where:
Tn = Nominal wall thickness satisfying requirements for pressure
and allowances
t = Pressure design wall thickness
tns = Pressure design wall thickness for uniform ID pipe with
custom OD pipe

Document No.: 30-99-23-0606 Date: 14/03/2022
𝑃𝑖 = Internal design pressure

D = Outside diameter of pipe (standard pipe OD)
Di = Internal pipe Diameter
Dns = Custom OD pipe diameter
F = Design factor
S = Specified Minimum Yield Strength (SMYS) of pipe material
E = Longitudinal joint factor
A = Sum of allowances for threading, grooving and corrosion.
While setting design factor, due consideration shall be given to, and allowance made for the
under-thickness tolerance and maximum allowable depth of imperfections.
External interference by third parties is not considered to be criteria for minimum pipe wall
thickness as the pipeline will be laid in COMPANY designated pipeline corridors.
In addition, pipe wall thicknesses selected per above shall be verified to satisfy the computational
stress analysis requirements, prior to placing the purchase order for line pipe materials.
3.5.2.3 Pipeline Bend wall Thinning
The thinning as a percentage of the line pipe wall thickness is given by the empirical formula
stated in BSI: PD 8010-1 below:
Percentage wall thinning = 50 / (n+1)
Where;
n = inner bend radius divided by pipe outer diameter OD.
The calculations to specify actual mother pipe wall thickness for bends shall be performed by the
bend manufacturer.
3.5.3 Stress Analysis
Stress analysis shall be performed to verify and confirm that the stresses comply the requirements
of the ASME B31.4 code and this document.
Preliminary stress analysis shall be performed during FEED stage. Detailed stress analysis shall be
performed during detailed design.
COADE engineering software CAESAR-II shall be used for performing the pipeline stress analysis.
All factors and loadings influencing the pipeline wall thickness shall be considered. Stress analysis
shall consider route alignment, soil characteristics and different types of road crossings.

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Stress analysis calculations shall be performed based on the pipeline design conditions at
maximum/ minimum temperatures. The pipeline installation temperature is 21C.
The actual profile variations, based on the topographical survey, shall be used for modelling the
pipeline stress analysis node.
Stress analysis shall consider the differential expansion between existing and new pipelines in case
of tie-in to existing pipelines. Z- shaped configuration with field bends or offsets, at tie-ins, shall be
used as appropriate, to avoid lateral loads / expansion imposed at the tie-in boundary condition
resulting from the branched off pipelines and main pipeline.
Pipe stress and flexibility analysis shall be performed for the entire length of pipelines from the pig
launcher to the receiver including:
- Pipeline station approach areas, including the station piping to confirm the state of stresses
for the piping configuration and impact of pipeline loads on piping and vice versa. The pipeline
movements shall be suitably controlled to minimize the end displacement at station approach.
The maximum allowable axial movement of pig traps shall be as limited to ± 50mm with zero
lateral movements and uplift directions.
- All road and track crossings where there are changes in alignment and/ or bends near the
crossings.
- Pipeline stress analysis model shall not be limited to the virtual anchor location but shall
include entire pipeline route. In case of stress model exceeds the maximum number of allowed
elements/ nodes, the total pipeline route can be divided into multiple stress models to
overcome the software limitation; if any.
- Expansion of U/G pipelines shall be suitably controlled (restrained/ anchored) to eliminate/

minimize the impact on-plot piping system. Pipelines shall be suitably restrained/anchored
(e.g. limit stop etc.) near the battery limit inside the fence.
- The stress analysis model shall extend to include the aboveground piping within the
B31.3 code associated with the pipeline system till the nearest anchor or limit stop.
The thermal stresses shall be calculated based on stress free installation temperature of 21C
against the maximum/minimum design temperature for both A/G and U/G sections.
Cold bend shall be modelled based on the maximum cold bend angle per each double random
length.
Physical conditions of all buried crossings shall be appropriately taken care in the modelling.

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System stresses are calculated for the various load combinations and compared with the code
allowable stresses and all stresses shall be within the limits.
The actual profile variations, based on the topographical survey, shall be considered in the
modelling/ stress analysis in the detail engineering phase.
The pipeline design conditions (pressure & temperature) shall be used for the applicable load
cases; however, pipeline operating conditions shall also be included as separate load cases and
the most conservative stress analysis outcomes shall be incorporated in the final design.
The load cases (minimum) considered for stress analysis are as below,
L1. OPE: W+T1+P1
L2. OPE: W+T2+P1
L3. SUS: W+P1
L4. EXP: L1- L2
Where,
W - Dead weight
T1 - Design temperature (maximum)
T2 - Design temperature (minimum)
P1 - Design pressure
Hydrotest pressure case shall also be carried out during detailed design. Externally imposed
displacements and any other occasional load case (e.g. seismic etc.) have to be included as
applicable.
System stresses are calculated for the applicable load combinations and compared for compliance
against the code allowable stresses.
The stress analysis model for pipeline tied-in with existing pipeline shall extend to include the
existing pipeline distribution network up to nearest anchorage.
Buried sections may be modelled by the soil modeller of Caesar II, or as per American Lifeline
Alliances method. Alternative, soil parameters may be calculated as per the technical methods
described by r+k Consulting Engineers, Rijswijk, NL: "Proposal for a method for the determination
of pipe/ soil parameters” dated October 2000.
3.5.3.1 Wall Thickness Code Stress Compliance
As per ASME B31.4 Codes, the following equation shall be satisfied:
SL + Sh +Sb ≤ 0.9 x SMYS of pipe

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However, additional safe margin shall be allowed to account for unexpected construction stresses
which may result from unforeseen changes in pipeline profile and construction changes/
deviations, the calculated stresses shall not exceed 95% of the above code allowable stress (i.e.
0.95 x 0.90 x SMYS of pipe).
Where:
SL = Compressive longitudinal stress = Ε α (T2 − T1 ) – ν Sh
Sh = Hoop stress = PD/2(t n – A)
Sb = Elastic bending stress = ED/2R. (However, Sb will not be considered in the above
formula as per ASME B31.8 and ASME B31.4. Sb will be considered when
checking and calculating the minimum elastic bend radius).
E = Young’s modulus for steel
α = Steel thermal coefficient of expansion
T2 = Maximum operating (design) temperature
T1 = Pipeline installation temperature
𝜈 = Poisson’s ratio
P = Design pressure
D = Pipe outside diameter
t n = Pipe nominal wall thickness
A = Corrosion allowance
R = Elastic bend radius
The following will be the limits of calculated stresses due to sustained loads and thermal
expansion:
• Internal pressure stresses: The calculated stresses due to internal pressure shall not exceed
the allowable value of F x S, where S = SMYS of pipe and F = appropriate design factor;
• External pressure stresses: Stresses due to external pressure with appropriate design factor;
• Allowable expansion stresses: The allowable equivalent tensile stress shall not exceed 90%
of the SMYS; and
• Additive longitudinal stresses: The sum of the longitudinal stresses shall not exceed 75% of
the SMYS for unrestrained pipeline sections (Table 403.3.1-1, ASME B 31.4) and 90% of
SMYS (Table 403.3.1-1, ASME B 31.4) for restrained pipeline section
• Other stresses shall be as specified per respective ASME B 31.4.
Pipeline stresses shall be calculated as follows:
1. The equivalent/combined stress will be calculated using von Mises equation:

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Seq =√〖(S〗2h + SL2 −Sh SL + 3Ss2 ) (Von Mises
equation)
Where:
Seq = Equivalent stress
Sh = Hoop stress (due to pressure)
SL = Longitudinal stress (due to pressure, thermal expansion and
bending)
Ss = Combined shear stress (due to torque and shear force)
During operation, the equivalent stress in the pipeline shall not exceed 90% of
SMYS of line pipe material.
2. Hoop stress:
PD
Sh = 2t
3. Longitudinal stress (fully restrained pipeline):

Longitudinal stress SL includes stress caused by bending in addition to stress
caused by pressure and thermal expansion according to the definition of SL:
SL = SLA ± Sb
Where:
SLA = ν(Sh − P) − Εα(T2 − T1 )
Εd
Sb = ± 2R
4. Longitudinal stress (fully unrestrained pipeline):

Sh Mb
SL = 2
+ Z
5. Combined shear stress:

T 2Fs
Ss = 2Z + Ap
Where:
Mb = Bending moment applied to the pipeline
T = Torque applied to the pipeline
Fs = Shear force applied to the pipeline

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Ap = Pipe wall cross section area

Z = Section modulus
Other symbols have their usual meaning.
3.5.4 Minimum Elastic Bend Radius
The pipe allowable elastic bending stress shall be calculated based on the net longitudinal
allowable longitudinal stress resulting from the balance stress calculated from von Mises equation.
 
1
2
S eq = S L − S L S h + S h + 3S s
2 2
Where,
SL = Longitudinal stress (MPa)
Sh = Hoop stress (MPa)
The maximum equivalent stress is limited to the following factored specified minimum yield
strength.
S eq  Feq .SMYS
Where,
Feq
= Equivalent stress design factor = 0.95 x 0.9
From which the equation for the allowable longitudinal compressive / tensile stresses can be
derived as follows:
SL =

Sh  Sh2 − 4 Sh2 − (Feq .SMYS )
2

2
Hence, the allowable bending compressive / tensile are calculated as follows

Sb = S L − S LA
Where SLA is the longitudinal stress due to internal pressure and temperature defined below.
SLA= (Sh – P) -E (T2 – T1)
Then the minimum radius of curvature for the pipeline elastic bend shall be calculated as follows.
ED
Rmin =
2 Sb
Where;

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E = Young’s Modulus
D = Pipe Outside Diameter
R min = Minimum Elastic Bend Radius
3.5.5 Road/ Rig/ Track Crossing Calculations
Stresses in pipeline at road crossings shall be verified in accordance to API RP 1102.
Stresses shall be calculated based on fully corroded pipeline, i.e., pipeline nominal wall thickness
less the specified corrosion allowance.
Based on the location and type road, track, and rig crossings the design factor for the wall thickness
calculation shall be specified as per ASME B31.8 clause 841.1.6.
The minimum pipeline burial depth for general route, road, track, and rig crossings shall be as per
section 2.5.9 of this document.
The wheel load to be considered for road crossing stress check shall be 75 kN per wheel with a
contact area of 0.06 m2 for all road and track crossings except for rig crossings where a load of
1100 kN per wheel with a contact area of 0.403 m2 shall be applied.
The nominal wall thickness less the corrosion allowance for the wall thickness obtained for design
factor (e.g. 0.6) is used as a starting value to evaluate the wall thickness required for satisfying the
allowable effective stress limits. In case of failure then higher wall thickness value to be selected for
satisfying the allowable pipeline stresses. The specified corrosion all shall be added, and the final
wall thickness shall be selected based on the nearest higher value per ASME B.36.10.
Using a combination of factors taken from charts in API 1102 the wheel loads are converted into a
longitudinal and circumferential stress. The stress in the circumferential (hoop), longitudinal and
radial direction are combined to get an effective stress. This combined effective stress is checked to
ensure they are within safe limits. An assessment is also made to ensure that the cyclic stress
levels are not high enough to cause fatigue at the welds.
The following equations define the acceptable state of stresses.

S Hi ( Barlow )  0.60SMYS
1.
Seff  0.9SMYS
2.
3. S 2  0.75SMYS
Where;
SHi = Hoop stress due to internal pressure.

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Seff = Total effective stress in pipeline.

S2 = Maximum longitudinal stress.
Nevertheless, for the construction and procurement purposes, the wall thickness corresponding to
rig crossings shall be procured for construction of all road/rig crossing types.
Buried portion at crossings shall be modelled considering following assumptions.
Soil friction coefficient 0.4

Soil density 0.0017 Kg/cm3
Depth of soil on top of pipe 1500mm at track and 2000mm at asphalt road
crossings
Soil internal friction angle 30 degrees
3.5.6 Pipeline Transition at Above Ground – Below Ground
The pipeline system displacement due to thermal expansion is expected at the pig traps. This
movement result with load stresses in the pipeline and the connected above-ground piping. The
pipeline movement at the above ground– below ground transition, must be controlled; either by
means of adequate flexibility in the pipeline/ piping configuration or by suitably sized anchor blocks
or both. The most appropriate control measure to minimize and control the movement of the
aboveground section under different operation cycles modes of the pipelines lifetime shall be
applicable. The maximum acceptable movements of the first support at aboveground section are:
Axial 20mm
Lateral 10mm
Uplift 0mm
The anchor force may be estimated using the following equation:
FA = A x (0.5Sh – SL)
or,
FA = A x [(0.5 - ) Sh + Eα (T2 – T1)]
Where:
FA = Calculated anchor force
When the aboveground section of the pipeline tends to move due to thermal expansion, the
movement is restricted by the axial soil friction force in the buried section of the pipeline. A
simplified equation for determining the axial friction force may be given by:
f =  (2DH + Wp)
Where:

Document No.: 30-99-23-0606 Date: 14/03/2022
f = Axial friction force per unit length of pipe

 = Coefficient of friction between soil and pipe coating
 = Density of backfill soil
H = Depth of soil cover to top of pipe
Wp = Weight of pipe + contents
For pipeline buried in sand,  = 0.40 is assumed.
The active length of pipeline, maybe calculated using the following formula:
FA = fs x L
or,
L = (F) / fs
Where:
L = Active length
FA = Anchor force / expansion force
Q = End resistance force
fs = Soil friction force mobilised
The pipeline effective length can be analysed by using stress analysis software CAESAR-II, to
determine the end movement and resulting stresses in the pipe. The load cases will include design,
hydrotesting, operating, empty condition, slug, thermal expansion, seismic loads and wind loads
(where applicable).
The control of the pipeline end movement can be achieved by means of any or a combination of the
following:
1. Increasing the depth of cover for specific section of the pipeline calculated
effective length to restrain the pipeline movement.
2. Introducing expansion leg on A/G section to provide line flexibility for
absorbing the excessive thermal expansion.
3. Improve the soil properties within the pipeline effective length to increase
the restraints on the pipeline resulting with reduced thermal expansion.
4. Providing reinforced concrete anchor block.
3.5.7 Upheaval Buckling Analysis
Detailed upheaval buckling analysis shall be performed for each pipeline to confirm the specified
depth of cover for each pipeline. The pipeline depth of cover shall be measured from the top of pipe
to the natural grade level. Upheaval buckling analysis shall be performed in accordance with

Document No.: 30-99-23-0606 Date: 14/03/2022
technical paper published in “Journal for piping engineering practice” (3R International by Dr. K.
Peters) and 30-99-12-0611.
If this assessment indicates that the specified depth of cover is not sufficient to prevent the pipeline
from heaving upward through the soil, the design shall be modified to stabilize the pipeline against
upheaval and ensure pipeline stability. The modifications may include provisions for a greater depth
of cover or for more flexibility, or other measures approved by COMPANY. The detailed stress
analysis shall be performed based upon the modified design. The detailed stress analysis shall
confirm that the upheaval will be prevented and that the resulting combination of stresses in
compliance with the applicable standard.
Upheaval buckling verification shall be into two phases. The first phase shall be based on the
pipeline profile as per alignment sheets where all required upheaval buckling verification/
recommendations shall be highlighted across the route in terms of extra depth of cover or
deepening the trench at specific locations as far as practical.
The second phase shall be carried out after pipelines installation. During installation, after lowering
of the pipeline and before backfilling, TOP of pipe elevation shall be measured every 25m (8in &
below), 50m (10inch to 16inch) and100 meters (18inch and above) in the flat areas, and at 10
meters intervals at change of directions for reasonable distance both sides. Collected actual profile
data shall be checked & evaluated by specialized design engineer against the upheaval buckling
study results to identify the required damping loads and their locations along the pipeline route and
identify the final requirement of backfilling height deemed needed for the pipeline stability.
In case of Phase-2 calculations i.e. final verification check with measured top of pipe elevation
taken just before backfilling, the upheaval buckling calculation report shall provide corrective
solutions (like the required additional soil cover etc.) in case any problem is observed with the
achieved profile.
In Sabkha areas, the requirement for reinforcement of Sabkha construction bund/ berm to avoid
lateral buckling shall be checked in accordance with Coulomb soil resistance model (see K.
Terzaghi: Theoretical Soil Mechanics, John Wiley and Sons Inc., 1966).
It should be noted that upheaval and lateral buckling were experienced in the past for some
pipelines in COMPANY fields, where further studies and modified soil models and resistances in
different directions (axial, upward, downward, and lateral) were performed and have been used in
the stress analysis and upheaval buckling checks to rectify the encountered problems.

Document No.: 30-99-23-0606 Date: 14/03/2022
Upheaval buckling calculations report shall provide calculations for the allowable bending stress,
allowable change of angle for vertical and lateral directions for normal and Sabkha sections
respectively and other parameters with all details.
The comprehensive analyses along with the recommendations shall be covered in the upheaval
buckling analysis report as part of detail engineering.
3.5.8 On-bottom Stability of Pipelines
Pipelines laid in Sabkha areas shall be installed on a raised embankment made of gatch to elevate
them above the water level. In case of pipeline is direct laid in high water table Sabkha area for a
distance more than 30m, buoyancy calculation shall be carried out to indicate whether concrete
weight coating will be required or not.
Pipelines in Wadi shall be installed in buried trench. Concrete weight coating shall be applied to a
pipeline for stability purpose. The required concrete coating with minimum 2in (50mm) thickness
shall be established based on the assumptions: Pipeline in the air filled condition. Specific gravity of
underlying wet soil with a factor of safety against flotation of 1.25.
The on-bottom stability calculations for pipelines in wet areas are to be performed in accordance
with the following equation:
W air
 1.25
W bouyancy
Where, Wbuoyancy = Buoyancy of air filled pipeline

relative to liquefied ground
Wair = Weight of pipeline in air
The pipelines shall be designed to be stable over the design life. This shall be achieved by
increasing the weight of concrete coating to give the desired factor of safety. Temporary
stabilization during construction shall be considered. Soil weight when buried should be considered
for operational cases.

Document No.: 30-99-23-0606 Date: 14/03/2022
3.5.9 Pipeline Burial Depth
Buried pipelines shall be laid as per soil & terrain inclination encountered along the route.
- Trenched construction in sandy and rocky terrains.
- Raised embankment made of gatch to elevate the pipeline above the water level in
Sabkha terrain.
- Trenchless construction for highways/ rail corridors/ pipeline corridors
Other pipeline burial situations include unstable/ inclined terrain i.e., sloping trench, mountain ridge,
inside wadis, wadi banks etc.
Pipeline in all above installation types shall be adequately buried and protected for design life, as per
typical pipeline drawings ES 30-99-22-006 & project typical drawings 30-78-22-0651. Additional
recommendations/ mitigations from Rock fall, hydrological studies etc as applicable per site specific
locations shall be complied.
3.5.9.1 Buried Pipelines
Buried pipelines shall have the minimum burial depth shall be as listed in the following table.
Mechanical design calculations shall be performed to confirm the specified depth is suitable for
stability, upheaval buckling and road/ rig crossing calculations.
Location Minimum Cover
General route/ normal areas 1.0 m

Rock area 1.0m
Minor Road/ Track/ Livestock passage crossing 1.5m
Asphalt and rig road crossing (Open cut) 2.0 m
3D or 3m (whichever is
Highway/ Major Road/ Rail Crossing (Trenchless)
higher)
Sandy track crossings, Govt. roads and gatch track crossings 1.5 m
Wadi Crossing 2.5m
Sabkha crossings 1.0 m
The pipeline shall be laid below natural ground level inside a trench and back filled with suitable
backfill material to the natural ground level, above which a windrow of around 1.0 m shall be
placed. In rocky areas a windrow of 0.3 m height (with rock boulders) shall be provided. Refer
typical pipeline drawings – Sandy/ Rocky Trench.

Document No.: 30-99-23-0606 Date: 14/03/2022
3.5.9.2 Sabkha Construction
In Sabkha areas, direct burial in trench shall be avoided due to risk of external corrosion,
restricted maintenance access etc. In such areas, the pipeline shall be positioned on the top of
ROW on a compacted layer of fill material (gatch). The finished level of compacted fill material
shall be a minimum of 0.75 meter above the natural ground (water) level or the water table
whichever is higher. The bottom of pipeline shall be placed on top of 0.75 gatch fill (wet sabkha).
Following installation, the pipeline shall be padded and backfilled with gatch or approved material
forming a berm over the pipe. Refer Typical pipeline drawings- Sabkha pipeline construction for
details ES 30-99-22-006.
Sabkha areas identification shall be as per geotechnical/ topographical survey drawings and as
shown in pipeline alignment sheets. Sabkha areas will be avoided wherever practical.
3.6 CROSSING with Existing Facility
Cross country WEP crude oil pipeline will experience all kinds of crossings, due to variety of
infrastructure along the route in multiple emirates. Crossings include existing pipelines, road, rail,
farmland, tracks, cables, and natural perils such as wadis etc. Additional crossings from interface
projects shall also be included in WEP crossing design. Existing crossings blocked by project
shall be extended over WEP pipeline as shown in alignment sheets.
In all cases pipeline shall be designed to withstand all loads as per applicable code & lessons
learnt at crossings. Pipelines crossing existing facilities shall have specified separation distance
from existing pipeline and follow NOC requirements as applicable.
For details refer to pipeline crossing study report doc. 30-99-29-0609
3.6.1 Road/ Rig Road/ Railway Crossings
Crossing with road/rig roads shall comply with the requirements of API 1102 and the requirements
of the road authorities. The crossing angle may be less than 90° but shall not be less than 60°.
All asphalt and major road crossings shall be implemented by thrust boring/ HDD/ micro-
tunnelling (referred as NDRC crossing). Micro tunnelling at major road crossing is the preferred
NDRC method, to avoid low points profiles experienced with the HDD method which may initiate
localized corrosion issues (lesson learnt). Pipeline sections installed by means of HDD method
shall be provided with additional Abrasion Resistant Outer layer (ARO) on top of field joint
coating. ARO system shall be qualified as per AGES-SP-07-006. Moreover, ARO shall be
applicable along the entire crossing length of pipeline section executed by means of HDD
technique.

Document No.: 30-99-23-0606 Date: 14/03/2022
Tracks and minor graded road crossings shall be performed by means of open cut technique,
provided that the necessary road closure permits can be obtained from the relevant authorities
and relevant third parties.
Detailed crossing drawing shall be prepared during detail engineering phase for the COMPANY
review and approval.
Rig road crossing shall be constructed by means of open cut technique. Open cut technique shall
be carried out in accordance with the approved typical drawing.
Risk study shall be conducted during detail engineering phase for the Railway trenchless crossing
to define the crossing methodology by HDD, thrust boring or micro-tunnelling. Proper protection
shall be provided for the pipeline at Railway crossing against vibrations transmitted to the
pipeline.
Concrete safety barriers shall be installed at asphalt & gatch road crossings to protect the
installed pipeline of possible damage by third party. Safety barriers shall be installed in
accordance with the typical drawings and shall extend for minimum of 5 meters either side of the
pipeline at crossing location.
Crossing details shall be designed to meet the COMPANY requirements and specifications and
referenced typical Drawings for different type of Crossings.
3.6.2 Foreign services crossings
WEP crude oil pipeline will cross existing third-party pipelines (ADNOC GP, Refining, DEL etc)
and cables (OHL, CICPA, Etisalat etc) along the route. Pipeline topographical survey & crossing
schedule shows the crossing locations.
a) New buried pipeline crossing existing buried cables:
Minimum separation distance to be kept between top of pipe and bottom of existing cable
is 1000mm.
b) Overhead power line crossing:
Minimum horizontal distance to be kept between the centreline of pipe and the tower end
is 15000mm or 1.5 times the height of the tower as per the requirements of ADNOC HSE
philosophy.
c) New buried pipeline crossing existing buried pipeline:
Minimum separation distance to be kept between top of pipe of new pipeline and bottom
of pipe of existing pipeline is 1000mm.

Document No.: 30-99-23-0606 Date: 14/03/2022
d) While crossing existing services/ utilities, crossing angle shall be as close to 90 as
possible, however, the following minimum crossing angles shall be maintained:
Service/ Utilities Minimum Crossing Angle
Existing pipelines & cables 60

ETISALAT cables 90
Overhead power lines 70
Unimproved roads, tracks 60
Metalled roads 80
Pipeline shall cross underneath all existing pipelines, cables, etc. with a minimum clearance of
1000 mm.
3.6.3 Corridors Crossing
WEP crude oil pipeline will cross majority of pipeline corridors in JPS to MPS section. Pipeline shall
cross below all types of existing the COMPANY corridors (for pipelines, cables etc.) with a minimum
clearance of 1000 mm.
In general, all crossing with existing corridors shall be carried out by manual excavation. However,
for corridors in Sabkha or wide corridors, the methodology shall be decided/ reviewed as part of
constructability review.
Foreign corridors shall be crossed in accordance with third parties’ requirements through the
applicable ROW procedure system and NOC.
New pipeline permanent ROW shall not cross existing pipelines and shall be diverted to the nearest
official roads on the existing pipelines and buried facilities.
3.6.4 Wadi Crossings
Wadi can be defined as dry riverbed which could be temporarily filled with water following rain.
Majority of wadi to be crossed are mainly in Fujairah Mountain region. All wadi crossing on pipeline
route will be constructed by open cut method. No river crossing is envisaged along the pipeline
route. The wadi section shall be suitably protected against erosion and buoyancy. Refer typical
pipeline drawings for Wadi crossings 30-78-22-0651. Wadi crossing design shall incorporate the
recommendations of specialized consultant developing the FEED for the Fujairah rocky areas.
Wadi type 2 & 3 shall have concrete coating over the pipe regardless of anti-buoyancy requirement.
Concrete coating shall be 50mm thick, with 3040 k/m3 density and reinforced with winding mesh/
bars. Refer typical drawing for pipe concrete coating 30-78-22-0651 (sheet 12).
Based on wadi crossing width, the crossings of Wadis have been classified as described below:

Document No.: 30-99-23-0606 Date: 14/03/2022
Wadi Type 1* (<15m):

The Wadis with crossing width of less than 15m, where low velocity flow is expected after heavy
rains. The pipeline shall be buried at 2500mm of cover depth and no erosion and anti-buoyancy
protection are required.
Wadi Type 2* (15m-50m):
Wadis with width ranging from 15m to 50m, where erosion due to high velocity flow is expected
after heavy rains. The pipeline shall be buried at 2500 mm of cover depth and mechanical/ anti
buoyancy protection will be provided by continuous concrete weight coating. To protect the pipeline
against soil erosion, rock boulder on wadi surface of 10m wide (5m on either side from pipe center
line) shall be constructed over the pipeline in wadi section.
Wadi Type 3* (>50m):
Wadis having width more than 50 m, where heavy erosion due to high velocity flow is expected
after heavy rains combined with large stones and boulders. The pipeline shall be buried at 2500
mm of cover depth and mechanical/anti buoyancy protection will be provided by continuous
concrete weight coating. To protect the soil erosion and damage to pipeline, rock boulders on wadi
surface of 10m wide (5m on either side from pipe center line) shall be constructed over the pipeline
in wadi section. Additionally, check dams shall be provided over the full width of wadi.
Where high flood flow is expected, the extent of scour depth of wadi bed shall be calculated as per
hydrological study, considering return period of 500 years. Accordingly, 2500 mm depth of cover
below the calculated scour depth shall be maintained.
3.6.5 Livestock Passageways
Livestock passageway shall generally be provided at interval of 2 Km. Crossing shall be designed
for animal movement; however only light weight patrolling vehicle should be allowed to use such
crossings. For livestock passageways, regular thickness pipe shall be used with increased cover
depth of 1.5m.
3.6.6 Maintenance access crossing
Maintenance access crossing track shall be provided on pipeline at regular intervals, as shown in
pipeline alignment sheets. Crossing details shall as per typical pipeline drawing. Design factor shall
be 0.6 and pipe cover shall be 2.0m as shown in typical drawing. This shall also serve as crossing
access to local population.
3.6.7 Water reservoir crossings
Pipeline shall be buried at 2.5m depth and concrete coated under water reservoir crossing.
Refer typical pipeline drawing 30-78-22-0651.

Document No.: 30-99-23-0606 Date: 14/03/2022
3.6.8 Water Catchment Pond crossings
Pipeline shall be buried at 2.5m depth and protected with concrete slab under water pond
reservoir crossing. Refer typical pipeline drawing 30-78-22-0651.
3.6.9 Mountain Crossing
Crossing mountain areas may be applicable subject to feasibility study and life cycle cost
analysis to optimize pipeline peak elevation & optimise CAPEX/ OPEX. wherever applicable
Tunnel crossing design shall be developed by relevant specialist and equipped with proper
facilities deemed to be required for the safe operation and maintenance purposes.
3.7 PIPELINE COMPONENTS
All pipeline components specified for sour service shall comply with the requirements of AGES-GL-
07-001/ ISO15156/ NACE MR-0175. Maximum hardness for items in sour service shall not exceed
248 HV10. All components shall be evaluated for sour service tests (HIC/ SSC).
3.7.1 Line Pipe
Carbon steel line pipe material shall conform to API Spec 5L, with the additional requirements
specified in AGES-SP-10-001.
3.7.2 Barred Tees
Barred Tees for piggable pipelines shall be used as per AGES-SP-10-011 and shall be installed for
all branches larger than 40% of the main pipeline diameter.
3.7.3 Flanges
Pipeline flanges shall be in accordance with ES 30-99-23-0123. Flange type/ facing shall be weld
neck/ raised face up to ASME 2500# pressure class. The bore of the welding neck flanges shall
correspond to the inside diameter of the connecting line pipe or fitting.
Flanges material grade shall be of the same mechanical/ chemical properties of connecting pipeline
material grade.
3.7.3.1 Anchor Flange
Anchor flange shall be fabricated in one forged piece, installed in buried concrete block nearest to
the A/G & UG transition section. Anchor flange shall accommodate the live loads based on pipeline
design conditions. Pipeline imposed movement shall be limited to 50 mm measured at pig trap
sliding saddle support. Design code shall be ASME Sec. VIII Div.1. Material specification & testing
shall be in accordance with ISO 15590-3 and applicable data sheet.

Document No.: 30-99-23-0606 Date: 14/03/2022
3.7.4 Pig Signaller
Non-intrusive ultrasonic type pig signallers shall be applicable in accordance with AGES-SP-10-
009. Intrusive type pig signaller shall be used for pig traps whenever marked on relevant P & IDS.
Pipeline operation team shall be consulted on selecting the type of pig signaller based on operating
pigs and nature of service.
3.7.5 Isolating Joints
Monolithic isolation joints shall be used for electrical isolation between the buried and the
aboveground sections of the pipeline. Isolating joint shall be installed in the above ground portion
nearest to the pipeline above ground to underground transition, to limit the possibility of electrical
bridging across the joint. Isolating joint shall be properly supported at both ends and shall not be
subject to torsion or bending stress.
Live loads imposed on both ends must be verified against the vendor allowable loads by means of
computational stress analysis calculation.
Design of isolation joints shall be as per AGES SP-10-013 in addition to the requirement specified
in the relevant data sheet.
3.8 CORROSION PROTECTION
3.8.1 External Corrosion Coating
The pipeline external coating shall be selected based on the pipeline process design temperatures.
AGES-SP-07-002 will be applicable for the selection of applicable mechanical protection external
coating system. As per WEP buried pipeline design temperature, 3LPE shall be used.
3LPE system with 3.3mm shall be applicable for trenches in sandy/ Sabkha areas while 3LPE with
4.2mm will be applicable for trenches in rocky areas. Pipeline induction bends shall be coated with
2 layer FBE as per AGES-SP-07-002.
3.8.2 Field Joint Coating
Field joint coating systems for the buried pipelines shall be by means of heat shrink sleeves
compatible with the pipeline coating (CANUSA or approved equal). Field joint coating system shall
be in accordance with AGES-SP-07-006. Field joint coating executed by means of HDD technique
shall have additional Abrasion Resistance Overlay (ARO) coat as described in clause 2.6.1.

Document No.: 30-99-23-0606 Date: 14/03/2022
3.8.3 Cathodic Protection
Buried pipelines shall be protected by means of impressed current cathodic protection system. The
cathodic protection system shall be designed to provide protection against corrosion for the pipeline
design life.
The design of the cathodic protection system shall be in accordance with AGES-SP-07-001.
3.9 PIPELINE WELDING & NDT TESTING
Pipeline welding & non-destructive inspection shall be carried out as per ES 30-99-00-0041. All butt
welds shall be 100 % radiographed/ automatic UT for automatic welding.
3.10 PRESSURE TESTING
All new pipelines shall be pressure tested following installation and prior to being placed into
service. Pressure testing shall be carried out as per AGES-SP-10-014.
Pre-commissioning activities shall conform to ES 30-99-23-0114.
However following activities shall be included:

• Pipeline de-watering.
• Pipeline drying
• Gauging the pipeline using a calliper tool.
• Pipeline purging and packing.
• Pipeline mothballing (where applicable).
• Preparation of pre-commissioning procedures.
• Provision of warning signs.
• Provision of all equipment, materials weighing, monitoring, recording- and
signalling instruments and temporary pipe work facilities and components as
required for pre-commissioning.
• Provision of nitrogen, corrosion inhibitors and other consumables.
• Pre-commissioning of all pipelines.
• Removal of all temporary provisions, facilities and components and re-
instatement of the permanent system.
• Disposal of dust, chemicals, contaminated water, etc. in accordance with
COMPANY approved procedures.

Document No.: 30-99-23-0606 Date: 14/03/2022
3.11 PRESERVATION OF PIPELINES
Preservation of pipelines; as required; shall be in accordance with ES30-99-90-0055.

Preservation of pipelines is required in case of delay in pipelines commissioning. Preservation shall
be done by filling with dry nitrogen at 1.5-barg, in accordance with ES 30-99-23-0114 and project
specific requirements.
Prior to commissioning, pipelines may require to be conditioned with a batch of corrosion inhibitor
as described in ES 30-99-23-0114.
3.12 PIPELINE MARKERS
Markers shall be installed along the pipeline route every 1km. All major road/ track and pipeline
corridor crossings shall also have markers with pipeline IP to identify the routing of pipeline. The
markers shall provide pipeline information in both Arabic and English as per COMPANY standard
drawing ES 30-99-22-0006.
Pipeline marker shall also have well number painted (in white colour).
Aerial markers will be installed along the pipeline corridor (every 5km) as per engineering standards
typical drawings 30-78-22-0651.
3.13 PIPELINE BASELINE SURVEY
Baseline survey using intelligent pigging shall be performed for main crude oil pipeline within eight
(8) weeks of commissioning commencement of each pipeline. Intelligent pigging baseline survey is
not applicable for oil flowlines unless otherwise specified in project scope of work and project
specifications. Reference standard for intelligent pigging shall be NACE SP0102.

Document No.: 30-99-23-0606 Date: 14/03/2022
ATTACHMENT -1 WEP SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM

Document No.: 30-99-23-0606 Date: 14/03/2022

Front End Engineering Design For: West To East Pipelines (Wep) Project

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ADNOC Classification: Internal

Front End Engineering Design

WEST TO EAST PIPELINES (WEP) PROJECT

1 14/03/2021 ME(OS) SME(KN) CE-ME(AS) Issued for Tender

A 26/09/2021 ME(RH) SME(KN) CE-ME(AS) Issued for Review

ORIGINATOR: TECHNICAL CENTER (ENGINEERING)

ORIGINATOR Document No.: 30-99-23-0606

Basis of Design – Onshore Pipeline

SHEETS INDEX AND REVISIONS

Rev No. Section Revision Description

A All Issued for Review

1 All Issued for Tender

Hold No. Section Hold Description

Project No.: P30312 Revision: 1 Page: 2 of 47

Basis of Design – Onshore Pipeline

Project No.: P30312 Revision: 1 Page: 3 of 47

Basis of Design – Onshore Pipeline

3.8.3 Cathodic Protection ........................................................................................................................ 45

Project No.: P30312 Revision: 1 Page: 4 of 47

Basis of Design – Onshore Pipeline

Figure 1: United Arab Emirates Map

In addition, ADNOC envisages a Business-As-Usual Case, where a permanent trading

The broad definitions of the business cases are:

Project No.: P30312 Revision: 1 Page: 5 of 47

Basis of Design – Onshore Pipeline

1.1 PROJECT DESCRIPTION

• Crude pipeline from Jebel Dhanna to Fujairah.

Figure 2: West East Pipeline for Crude Oil

Project No.: P30312 Revision: 1 Page: 6 of 47

Basis of Design – Onshore Pipeline

The terms used in this document are defined as below.

COMPANY The Abu Dhabi Company for Onshore Petroleum Operations

must Indicates a legal or statutory requirement

shall Indicates mandatory requirement

should Indicates a strong recommendation to comply with the

ADNOC Abu Dhabi National Oil Company

Project No.: P30312 Revision: 1 Page: 7 of 47

Basis of Design – Onshore Pipeline

ETIMAD ETIMAD Strategic Security Solutions

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Basis of Design – Onshore Pipeline

➢ The laws, standards, and regulations of United Arab Emirates

2.1 COMPLIANCE TO SPECIFICATIONS

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Basis of Design – Onshore Pipeline

2.2 REFERENCE CODES, STANDARDS AND SPECIFICATIONS

Project Referenced Documents

30-99-83-0704 Topographic Survey Report (Segment 1 to 4A)

Project No.: P30312 Revision: 1 Page: 10 of 47

Basis of Design – Onshore Pipeline

AGES-SP-10-010 Hot Induction Bends

30-99-90-0055 Pipeline Pre-commissioning and Preservation

ASME B16.5 Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings

Project No.: P30312 Revision: 1 Page: 11 of 47

Basis of Design – Onshore Pipeline

ASME B16.9 Factory-made Wrought Buttwelding Fittings

NACE SP0102 Standard Practice Inline Inspection of Pipelines

Project No.: P30312 Revision: 1 Page: 12 of 47

Basis of Design – Onshore Pipeline