BRAIN,

REFLEXARC.
HARMONESIN ANAS
BOLOGY PRDJECT RORT SUBMIMED
FOR
INIRERNAL FSSESSMEN]

SUBMITTED BY
LAKSHITHA.L.N JOADS

HOSUR PUBLIC SCHOOL

HOSUR, TAMIL NAOD INDIA
 INDEX
CONTENT PAME NO.

DRODHEHeN_
CONTROL AND COoROINATION In PLANTS
CONTR0L AND cORDINATION IN ANINALS
ENDOLRNE SySTEM4

HARNONES INANINALS
HYeDTHRLANLS 3
PITUITARy GLAND
THYROLO LAND
PARATHY RoLD CLAND
pINEAL HLAND
ADRENAL GLANCO
PANCRERS
TESTES
oVARIES
HUMAN eRAIN
FDRE BAAIN
MID RAIN
HND eRALn
NERyOUS SySTEM
CENLRAL NERyDUS /STEM
PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SSTENM
O
NEURONS
NERVES 10
10
TREScE NENES
REFLEX ACTION
REFLEX ARC
SUNMBY
RE FERENES
 INTRODUCTION

fe 16-kinaoqothen vainus ons fvfra onifyn an a

plomotie, combiadled ord olioort oy lo duca Jugonaoio vaniaus
6tfmulli naun as adinatien

torn shlch pwviedes

A tva sqantsme haaa ual-ogonital
them Jdh tmFe ond ceehdination
Cus to dha 9nal iruplas 4
Iodiy oun?otion, multfokular onisms h o Spaclisd a s , ubich
pVide aenre ard cdinatin

Arimals Jowe merwcus stem aro heunon le ccntus ond osdirata

Plants dha dkrom, ul uopmdirata
frop nely adiigs. adk rewous
ela dha hemone.

CONTROL AND CO0aDINATON tN PLANTS

Crevdiraton in plana allrubulid de u puana ilan harmors

Orlike onrals, planl d net tae any mubanlan sutam nNDUS

upkom Eut, Jo oo di ab. lb dhou mavemant and coendiratien haa

moVemens a alunus cenGurtld card nst haphogand.(mdiralion ds tha
abTty d udileunt poi he plont onetha, menia ord
i l a r y h planl, odiralion d u de Jhs 344ut qa chamikal
bglon, uheuin plant Jarunors on phubeteunons hwo a maje e l

CONTROL AND COOROINRTION IN ANIMALS

Ailmals ad me cDrnplo Jhan plarnla. Trau hawe ma oliaacd

h a f pom eclaliod undons er Van tonliel and oedliofi
T rokion arlmale rca dus e ho reucus toedihalli
O gtm) and churrfal epdirahfon (Erdoount ayton) 6i fha
 apltae oc a tdirafud rarre a
uaulat Js vmicus edu ade

ENDOCRINE S75TEM

Tha ardoodre onn cis d n ardboirs dards and

haumcnias. hase ondoodng qland
n animals hl s aria
CEdlinalian. Thay cuh chumftalk tallkd Jamonu. F ad
maskonyrts Jref cmtel Tary oda undiond fndudina ra
da
ompevahu, mend qumth ord dovelepmant, mumb saud
D CASS ote. Tha 0rdooing dards as das ard hunu
allad a dut glonds

HARMONES N ANINRLS

Hooumone a chminls kcgtad by Jc andeoina ande dbef

ho imdkaom. Thruugh ha Herd us hetnrs arimade aad
thair tavqot egand b&mulats s inhi ap dhuidnga
paUTOAS .The nduction e bemoe
tha t action u
dikont- Evan fhnughfru e eur
hstmongs fn Jhoirodd oam, tach u a
Jaag aun. fhuu a around o mojs PameniR aimalta
areoulaadd by hs ondocine ganda fhe Hd pala
arfn maru h hutdmal petas auria
DIFFERENT ENOOCRINÉ ANCcs

Hupdfhalarnu
Pihuitaxu gland
hueod and
aiafupeld dod
Phul and
 Adrunal oand
Panoios
Tars
Ovaydes

HYPOTHALAMUS

This ond b an Toeton link lohon ho nowou &ystom ard

tho andeoiro ha
phn, vfa ihultndand
Saml ra Impotantundionh avw

Holps n mintainig dro body dompeoiahuxa . Contids dap, hungp

hhek, pm.ticns and rrcords.
- It olso rols fe rulanso4 aheumers u h
iuitay qlard.
-

Conlpuls ho aual dbchawicw and apoductian

-
It contuods dha óvcodian hun Jha kodu
PITUITARY G1LANO

Tha pfhuitauy gand veu drull bul calldas Ma Mabt

Gtland, QA many ondooufn0 dands ara cenbridlad by tho hsmones
QLotad by il. It alao atmulalaA ohe ondooeins gonds do
peodn homones Sorra 4 tho hourenea olakd y dhis qland
aLA quodh bpurdna, hupteid mulahig houmani ,MS4, LH,FSH ot.

THYROID 61LAND

t lhe anopa ardocgeing gord hal dapad dka a hutiu

punduus h tupooira hwmena. uhth tonbul tho mulkrl hali
bly Mpanf O dhal, it al paa a du h u o
ouh
uth doudleamant tha drafn ond neweuA Suatom h dhfldun
lodina
erdfre fmpetont dha&yhaso fhpoxina

PRRATHYRD1D GLAND

This oland alaskog pavalhemorg uhich holps inoqulalirg dhe caldum

Ond phetpheuus laydls dn dra Lung

PINERL GLPHND

This pducos melajorin horon tha suqulalas tho doap pataxns.

ADRENAL GLPND

Theso alarzs a locatad on op Jha kidntys and pudum

Thabe larcls
aldsstonana otc.Thaba
homen adbunalPre Cottol,and
uch ab
dirod uga, bun puetoin and
hemonas conbut attass, hal tontiul
at and alat ogulatr odd p0suDG

PANCAEAS

Q0ut u Empertant iymonaA houlin and glucngen. Eoth

Thay
werk fogofrat maintoin haguco0 dovols n tha Moed

TESTES

fn mals and n duca tasast eron.a

Thas qlands poAant
hetron9

OVARIES

Th anl one ru rnlas Te Po educal h u

 Ounod ogsteTone.

HUMAN ARIN

Jha human batn

Oaiahfng at just 24.Jh tbtal brody wogh
puocoly Jha mo iompler Budurta. It da Jfe carfu4 crbuuk
Ja human
all he btdyurdions ond Sonds. Tho auoage wdh 4
nowe
JPoin atsund 1.6ka and a Contains ahout 6 blan
calls Cnduwuons) fha tonik avey adionm pu taka.

ha Cantxal
human afn along with he dpiral (d, maka up
fh humans. dà ho (cmmord conbra
It h ha Noceus
Novvbus stem
6mallast 4 DUH atfons &udh a
ausfem.Th ain Conids uan a
is a cDmnunitat
oul in min, walkEng, buathing,otc.It
auaning, oyina
Nou, hi
icn and isdirabio bchuoon diloen arts Jhs body.
rwe s
wmmuricafan tahos placo h ho l rauné
tha 6chamicet and dlatufcal anals.
fhal and nemakion in
and han 8ands
Theain necalves fnpu OT th Sanasy Cgans
couput fhe musdlag-
PARTS 0F THE BRAIN

Tha huuman doain modo p dant parda and compodmanili,

og0ch fha unctioré. hau o

Fosa bxrut

Nd Eaoin

Hinc ron
 -FPAE
LOEE
FRONTAP
Loe

wYPonARLRNUS
OCcIPITAL
LDee

PITUI TREy
LAND HICPOC AMPUS

CEREOZJLUM
6ARINSTBN

FORE BRPIN

It fhe mafn tfithing pat Jha srain and onbul ha vatuntay

duss Aansu nakion
hat i codlactad om
om
acfons. Tha oulain
fha various danda suns.I bauga dra sarca ubain
à dha hiast Jouol h dha arimal tain
humans au lansl
Tha oralorain (mgist& tho oubsum, Thalamus ond Hupohalamus.
Tha

dha 0ccat
bnin.This pt ue
The asdbruum f h a Biggal t 4
wth hihet Jsain anctions Auch s
wtth thinking and afion. It tontains he
coubal uplia and ofhe &ubrptfal dudhwrus. Tha Cealrral otux
s hily wirblec and makas the brain veu ictont. Nou fhu
c l r oopin dives únto eur divksions oalled lbs. Thu
CEveleal
Fsrtal d 16 asontid lh an craoch, noninq, pudbla

duing plorning, moyorrant ard amofons

Paxl etal Cokoe we aBacciala c t a l rbe wth doqnitfon,
sfontation, and percaptonsmudi.
Ockptal ls 18 SOsponsida vioual etbsina
Tompoa e Fimally tampoal ree 1s 0bodiatd otth monmot
6(00dhpeTLapbian and
gnition 4 audteu sfmuli
The (aoloum f dividad art hud Jolues dy a dopwDUuU . thiaa
Kailsos 0u tha olt ancd iont hoiahups. Each ole undiondAlntU
So tha
dotont UT a dher, ouen thcugh thay axa ymrnotrial
uiaht haiphaa liks ombiy uhwuas ho alt honisphsarta dati
J ac okrtfes. Pnd Copus caltbdun conas ho tuo homiahu

MIO BRAIN

Ths midlerafn ccnncc Jho abiain and the hindlbvain.It acs a a

Joidgt and Fanmi L Barols o n ndDorain and alsnain I 1

u e ahd th moen Conhrol vislon, hani ng ternqeauns
HUgulaho aloetna.
 INO N

t la e conu conFu sal ri. As a wilt, hia

ha eih aus de n cmbiottht tha hont ut
lnuathihg. kencd qasus, dap and uwd up undfok ot he
hihdleai has ea plk amaly ulull tingla, nons
pons and
ond

he cauelumd supensble mantairby ayafhbaium, an

tneratfonn aduatmarndi do mefs ollinscodialn e
movcmonts ote.(relinatlon and
body bwlonta, pdhuxs durh ai
Sidiha, Slanding, utmnt, 9unna, ato all mol lalnd by Jh
ccelottunm

NIRVDUS bv8TEM

Ths noweus átom R 8 4 Jha mel mphdant aplon h hy

Humon toda thal ands tofeuBtonom au t lhu bod do
andhan.It becausa hi newOuA ylom fhal u oKa le
tmtk and coedirat u movamonts ond adlns.

CENTRAL NIRVOUS SVSTIM

TRls ulam md a Ja Exolin ond

Sfiul nd
FHRNRRAL w PVoUS 3STIM

Cendl dh (9orfl newas COmi hom tho loaTn ond ha

Phal rru.as Cemingom ho do.Tu o 12 ins Oh
e ond paiib r d n h humons
 NEURON

Nowes o madlo up opdct callks collad Ho nuu Cal

nauwuns. Thuao a bac unit h nowouA
rdubtcn CO0 durorfn
Thetae pats malae up a naum-02on, coll bodu ord nuw
ndings. 1hu dloody tho main out A tho coll. Azork
o mc caa-0 jadfons Jha (opu ths mRqp alona
ha longth4 dho coll. Thes0 a x toveud bu a sutectrya
CUDLina allad tha mydin skgalh. Thia rmlin fo mad & a and
as a Steta în quadiye p tha. tuaramieaon q maqes drun a
Og 0n.Dondoulas od (ho md lrardh ike pechicns tha
tm (Dnnacfon8 uh dhur rauors raaa dondseths tan e p n t at
boh onds h call
sarope-&anapaa 1s lha urden achwean Jus wa l k . t condE
O rinu PImpdsag masqes p n y dusin a
naibotano tn.
-DENORITES

AXON

NERVE
CELL ENOING
ec0Y
FRTTY NYELUN
SHEATH
 NERVES

ADwe a a frouod Ores uuchuag ffa tre Fo

doain and tha ros l . 2c f h ra bord nut
Ba a brry ard a rairl egrinla y
Cnetrakfon ard
roko ap ha paxichal aan. fuy tat rorenaHor babsstn
Jas and inal d

TWES OFNEDNES

Tha

Sonecsu nns thaae sand awoge J batn a r ol

Moto rewe -Thau tao

fra brdy.
HrL nwes -Thu (auTho ene and met rcw
Raller mdicna heota reu lpndn
and olar fha aidtng oraan ha muda
o d an uh pa ha nes tmac le Era Lor
huglan aa das d
Caonnial nbovL- haa dautum a Jmaln and n mo
fraruin to a Sut boda.(hai naw a Lan

yhal ouafu tuwesnali oma al d

do and o ~ anhal rvnaaa
mh
 REFLEX PeTION

vohary fi ody 60nuas dongp he Fnput-oubpu moqes

bctuocosa nawes and fha C6OURondirq adfon mus dseconpletid
uoubask &roks o dha
Wououtcy.Tho Apral cetd erds
mLukciss and ha Sdoa acon s plead.Sina the adfon
inslantoneous, Ma bafn rwowarront s not mudn n aton acb

REFLEX FRC

Otch t a nawia
kaikoz acors appen toough ho aufo7 a,

fmpuiso Ouen
pauthucuy ha Conbuls the boa0s .It ocA
onan

Jool8Ot Aundhakdha bain. Soma stmull aaya

an
automalfc
Tnotanianaous SHApond wfhoul the nod cscius thpuaht.

ha teopi Jo o o gan fralns dong. Tho

Aprbsu nuonsptoe p igrals om h onou a n and
0ndim
A0nd troucugh oron nowors whth axa thxconackad. It d
uhich fs o
thon oaat vad bfha olauy Jewun poOKer
Acinal Immadiataly ha piral cd Ards bock signals lo
Cd.
tho msle hsough ho noksov nawon.Tha muklas atto chad to ha
sans CHqan mov thaeaan Quuom danqo1.In osa adfons,
tha trol do no traw up J6 ho loafn.

Examphs:-Oan Rot a a ulus, Jha qugilha ac

&Caghing azirq. otauu odtarts n ha nikal

Pra oq
hs uddon Jümoval dha hard hon a dntp
 SUMMARy

(oodirafon n
ponti atsüb ufad to fho outoro 4 an
Arimos ao me COmplogte lon. Thau hawo my teacnlftd
odans nat mrdnlndurcfor torhrol ard
cPidindion
Tho ordouno Aptom corqis dierand androdru gand ard
hotmensa. hoo ardoouna qond n arfral dfn na durial
coolin gfs.
*Hrohalamus, D?huitoouord Thucd ond Panpdd gord, Pina
qtond,dura dand,Poncus dond, Ta,Ovatoa
Human ban prrnkuharo thnpioz truduta. t
ta Cons mi alb ho kody undor ond r
Tha umoan brain alma sWn g r a d , rok up ha ( a r
NotwcLb Spem m hurro
Tha CANS 1 ha Cornmanid canlta lo ha navcu byon
F o bmih, Md bxain, r d bxafo
Foro bafn Coukrum, fhalomuub, gporolarru
Canltal ttozForiml,Paida Ocetal and Tamprm e
Prd brain conng codain and hind bxain
i n d broin Nodulla eklonaataporb,sulbdlum
* k t d an 9lpessido arer r i ord resnges om
le Mo d
rada dis calld colis
up pelal R e
hau 0 ha easic unt ha n ptam
N a n t Rxon, borcla , n rdings, 0ondbdLA

syropsa ts bundon bctoon tug noON cola.

A9osox adon f an hduntau and recda rsiortanio meame
f OoMa a muk.
ko ac d a raoo) polunu hal crbeks ha ulana
 RERNCES

H pe://uww.pp.com /guites oillgomhol ond coomelilmn/

(oosdinalcn- in plats

tps/ uwxeuco. toppr-Com quidas bloqy tonhrol and rccoulinalên

hatmenas-in -onimals

htps: wtuuo pp. cm quides /bbleaucrol and coowdinadin

hurran-bain

htpe: l utn. oppr. cem| quidos |kidmy lmerol ond tmeirafn

nawoLA plam

htps:/ uwow.typm. Comquicdas | bidngy lurhol ond cootdiralon

u-akon

hthps:// pin.It l 6mkwbde

hlpsl1pin.It naKeck

hitps f/ pin.ft iksNin