Training on Good Agricultural

Practices (GAP) for Coconut

Production
ATI RTC 6 – Banga, Aklan

August 12, 2024

1.

Coconut is a sun-loving plant

which needs _______ sunshine
hours per year
2.
3.

Commercial coconut areas are

found from ______________ meters
above sea level.
4.

Markings
on the stem
5.

Dwarf or Tall?
6.
7.

Dwarf or Tall?
8.

Dwarf or Tall?
9.

True or False:
Coconut can produce 30 leaves
per year.
10.
1

Female flower
11.

True or False:
Cultivar: Develops naturally, seeds from
this tend to grow true to type while Variety:
Develops with human interventions, seeds
from this is not true to type.
12.

??
13.
True or False:
Coconut is
considered an
orthodox
seeded species
14.
True or False:
Full crown
means an
average of 30
opened leaves.
15.

Dwarf or Tall?
OUTLINE OF THE
PRESENTATION
1 2
4 3
OUTLINE OF THE
PRESENTATION
Coconut
2 3
Physiology

4
OUTLINE OF THE
PRESENTATION
Coconut
3 4
Morphology

1
OUTLINE OF THE
PRESENTATION
Growth stages
4 1
of coconut

2
OUTLINE OF THE
PRESENTATION
Coconut
1 2
varieties

3
OBJECTIVE
OBJECTIVE
At the end of this training, the participants are able to:

Determine the environmental requirement of

coconut trees to grow;
Identify the parts and growth stages of the coconut
tree; and
Identify and differentiate the PCA Recommended
coconut varieties.
COCONUT PHYSIOLOGY
ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS

The Botany & Eco-physiological Requirements of Coconut

By:
JESSA MAE T. ITALIA
Agriculturist
What is coconut?
Coconut, (Cocos nucifera)
Palm Tree- of the family Arecaceae
“ Tree of Life” due to its variety of Uses:
Natural products,
1. foods/Drinks
2. fibers
3. building materials, and
4. Ingredients for pharmaceutical products.
The Coconut Palm’s Physical Environment

The environment of AERIAL AIR

the palm can be energy
• Light, heat/temp, air
viewed in terms of: flow

material
• space occupied by • Rainfall, humidity, gases
its parts
SOIL SOIL
energy
• matter and energy • Soil temp, soil pressure
supplied to it
material
• Soil particles, soil
solution, gases
Factors of Aerial Environment:
SUNLIGHT • Coconut is a sun-loving plant.

• 2000 sunshine hours/year or 120

hours/month may be taken as the
minimum below which production may
be impaired.
Factors of Aerial Environment:
TEMPERATURE
• Coconut is sensitive to low
temperatures. Thus, its
distribution is limited to the
tropical belt.
Factors of Aerial Environment:
TEMPERATURE

• Sensitiveness to low temperatures also

accounts for its inability to thrive in high
elevations.

• Commercial areas are found from 0 to

600m.
Factors of Aerial Environment:
RAINFALL

• It is observed that the coconut does best at

a rainfall of 1,300 to 2,300 mm per
annum.

• Some adverse effects of excessive rains:

o reduced sunlight due to cloudiness
o water-logging of the soil
o excessive leaching
Factors of Aerial Environment:
HUMIDITY

• Coconuts do very well in humid climate.

• A very high relative humidity may be

indirectly detrimental to coconut in that it
favors the growth and spread of disease-
causing microorganisms.
 Factors of Soil Environment:
SOIL PARTICLES

• Texture and Structure help determine not

only the nutrient-supplying ability of solid
soils, but also the supply of water and air to
plant life (Brady, 1974).

• The best soil for coconut is a deep mellow

soil (i.e. sandy or silty loam; or clay with
granular structure which makes it friable)
with good drainage, but has freely moving
water.
Factors of Soil Environment:
KIND OF SOIL

• Coconuts have been

observed to grow in various
kinds of soil. These may be
alluvial, lateritic, volcanic,
sandy, clay, peat or coralline
soil.

• Among the best coconut

soils are alluvial deposits
with sufficient sand for good
drainage. Another good
medium for coconuts is the
volcanic soil.
Summary

• The optimum weather conditions for good growth and nut yield in
coconut are:
✓ well-distributed annual rainfall between 130 and 230 mm
✓ mean annual temperature of 27°C
✓ abundant sunlight at least 120 hours per month of sunshine
period
• Best soils for coconut:

✓ sandy or silty loam, or clay with granular structure with good

drainage, but has freely moving water.
✓ Alluvial or volcanic
Factor
Altitude (m above sea level) Less than 600
Temperature (oC) 24-29
Light >2000 sunshine hours/year
Total annual rainfall (mm) 1500-2500 (well distributed)
Typhoon frequency (%) <20

Soil condition
Soil Depth (cm) >75
Drainage Moderate to well-drained
Soil Acidity (pH) 5.5-7.5
Soil Texture Sandy, loamy, clayey (with good
structure)
Organic matter content Medium to High
Major nutrients N, K, Cl, S, P, Ca, Mg, B

Severino S. Magat, PhD1 and Millicent I. Secretaria, MSc2

1Scientist IV, PCA-Agricultural Research Management Department, Diliman, QC
2Scientist I, PCA-Davao Research Center, Bago-Oshiro, Davao City
QUESTIONS?
The Coconut Palm:
Morphology
The Coconut Palm Classification

Scientific Name: Cocos nucifera L.

Genus: Cocos

Family: (Palmae) Arecaceae

Group of Flowering Plants: Monocot

Perennial crop

Length/ Height: from 6 to 25 meters

The Coconut Palm: Roots
Long roots - 5-10 meters
Fibrous root system
Adventitious roots
continuously produced
Roots live for years;
rootlets are short-lived
Root Color: Yellowish
Primary Roots
Light red

Red-brown
Rootlets
The Coconut Palm: Trunk (Stem)
Bole- Swollen in talls
- Cylindrical in dwarfs
Grayish with hard, smooth surface;
Leaf scar Supple soft inner part with phloem & xylem
vessels
No cambium layer
With Leaf scars
Height is affected by:
1. Variety - shorter trunk in dwarfs
2. Management - closer density, upward growth
Bole
3. Environment - favorable, taller palms
The Coconut Palm: Trunk (Stem)
Bud – protected by the crown of
opened leaves and developing
leaves

Death of the bud = death of the tree

The Coconut Palm: Leaves

Crown > 30 leaves average

Unopened leaves =
no. of unopened spathes

Opened ones:
a. 5 leaves - with
undifferentiated inflorescence
b. 20 leaves - with
Varying number of leaves depend on: inflorescence or
o Environment bunch
o Nutrition c. 6-10 leaves - nuts have
o Genetics
been gathered
The Coconut Palm: Leaves

5-6 meters long

10-15 kgs. weight
5 years from emergence to death:
a) Juvenile Phase- 2 yrs
b) Rapid Elongation - 4-8 months
c) Adult Phase - 24-30 months until
death
200-250 leaflets per leaf
5-10 more leaflets on one side
Glossy green, with midrib and
longitudinal veins
The Coconut Palm: Leaves

Petiole - attachment to the stem

Stipule (guinit) - in young leaves,

ensheaths the trunk of the tree

Rachis - extension of the petiole

where the leaflets are attached
The Coconut Palm: Inflorescence
Monoecious - male & female flowers in one plant
Male flower

Spadix /
Inflorescence Female flower Spathe
The Coconut Palm: Inflorescence
More swollen spathe and more
female flowers per inflorescence
- chance of better yield

Female flower - accompanied by

two fertile male flowers

Number of female flowers:

o Genotype
o Environment
o Climate - drought
One leaf = one inflorescence o Nutrition
 The Coconut Palm: Fruit Development
Anthesis - act of expansion of the
flower/inflorescence
Pollination - transfer of pollen from
anther to stigma
Pollination varies:
o Variety - tall or dwarf
o Season - flowering shorter
o during warm months
o Inflorescence abortion – young
Female Phase - splitting of palms
stigma and secretion of nectar ; Male Phase - pollen shedding on or one day
turns brown after receptive stage after anthesis
The Coconut Palm
Morphology FRUIT DEVELOPMENT
Talls > cross-pollinating Male phase - Palm 2
Inter- spadix overlap
Male Female
Palm 1 18-22 days 6-15 days
phase phase

Palm
Palm
2
1
The Coconut Palm Morphology
FRUIT DEVELOPMENT

Dwarfs > self - pollinating (autogamy)

Intra- spadix overlap

Male 23 days
phase

Female 8 days
phase
 The Coconut Palm: Fruit Development

Flower
Abortion
Pest and Diseases Failure of Pollination
Poor cultural practices
Genetic Factors (e.g. no fertilization, etc.) Climate (drought, typhoon)
The Coconut Palm: Fruit

One year from pollination to ripening of

coconut

Monosporic Drupe - with seed

Color, size and shape - variety

Weight of ripe nut - 1.5 to 2.0 kg.

With 3 ovules or germinative pores- one

is fertile

Embryo - proximal end or nearest to point

of attachment to the cluster
The Coconut Palm: Nut Composition
Tall/Hybrid or Dwarf

Husk (Exocarp and Mesocarp)

30% / 25%

Meat (Endosperm or Kernel)

28% / 35%

Shell (Endocarp)
20% / 17%

Coconut Water
22% / 23%
Epidermis
The Coconut Palm: Meat

Copra Formation
✓ 8 mos. = 32 %
✓ 9 mos. = 55.7%
✓ 10 mos. = 77.7%
✓ months = 94.1 %
✓ months = 100 %
QUESTIONS?
The Different Growth
Stages of Coconut
 Introduction
➢ The coconut tree grows from a single
seed. Taking between 3 to 8 years to bear
fruit, and living between 60 and 100
years. Its differ upon the cultivars : Dwarf,
Hybrid, and Tall.
➢ Each coconut takes almost a year to
develop from a flower into a fruit.
 Different Growth Stages of Coconut
Pre Germination

➢ At the time when seed nut reach the full

maturity of 12 months pre germination
occur,
➢ It start to developed haustorium and
embryo. It take a month before the first
emergence of the growth.

➢ At this stage it requires intensify cares of

the nuts in order preserved the very
fragile growth.
Germination Stage
➢ The selected seed nuts is
partially buried into the soil to
induce growth.
➢ At this stage seed nuts starts to
germinate and observe a single
coconut palm tree .

➢ It takes 2-3 months before

germination observe.
 Different Growth Stages of Coconut
Sprout Stage
➢ Coconut seeds rapidly grow
when the sprout and roots start
to emerge.

➢ In just two months upon

sprouting, a pair of leaf was of
observes.

➢ In this stage the development of

trunks grows taller and starts to
increase in girth.
 Different Growth stages of Coconut

Growing

➢ A growing coconut seedling will

continue to grow at a fastest
pace.

➢ At the age, a coconut seedlings with

of 4-5 months ,2-3 pairs of leaves
was observes and about 0.5-1.0
meter in height.

➢ The seedlings body will also

increase in size and become thicker.
 Different Growth Stages of Coconut
Maturity Stage
➢ It takes 3 or 6 years before it starts
of flower initiation.
➢ The tall variety are approximately 8
meters in height, and the Dwarfs
can be just 2-3 meters height when
producing fruits.

➢ The coconut tree composed of 30

leaves, which grow in spiral.

➢ The Oldest leaf observes in lowest

portion of coconut trees and about to
fall off, while the youngest leaf
develop on top of the crown to
maintain the umbrella shape.
 Different Growth stages of Coconut
Flowering Stage
➢ Flowers begin to grow from
the tree tops and start at age
4-7 years old.

➢ The Inflorecense eventually

became a bunch of coconut
fruits.

➢ The flower takes about 10-12

months to became a mature
nuts .
 Different Growing stage of Coconut

Bearing Fruits stage

➢ Bearing trees observes 3 mature

bunches to be harvest, the
oldest bunches are first to
harvest.

➢ It takes a year to develop from

flower to a mature nuts .
➢ When the matured nut drops to
the ground, Another Life cycle
of coconut Begin.
QUESTIONS?
COCONUT VARIETIES
in the
PHILIPPINES
Variety vs. Cultivar

Variety: Develops naturally, seeds from this

tend to grow true to type.

Cultivar: Develops with human interventions,

seeds from this is not true to type.
Coconut Varietal
Identification
• DUS Principle

–Stable
–Distinct –Uniform
Coconut Varieties
TALL DWARF
Coconut Varieties
TALL DWARF
Allogamous Autogamous
✓Large palm ✓Smaller palm
(Typica) (Javanica)
✓can reproduce by ✓can reproduce by
cross-fertilization self-fertilization
Coconut Varieties
Typica or Tall Variety
✓ Dominant cultivars
✓ Bears fruit 5-7 years after
planting
✓ 60 years productive life
(Life span 80-90 years)
✓ With bole
Coconut Varieties
Javanica or Dwarf Variety
✓ Shorter in height (30 ft and
below) with smaller fruit size than
tall variety.
✓ Bears fruit 3-5 years after
planting, some as early as 2
years.
✓ No bole
✓ 50 years productive life.
Hybrid Cultivars
1. Dwarf x Tall = D*T Hybrid (“D” as
the female and “T” as Male)
2. Tall x Dwarf= T*D Hybrid
(Reciprocal of no. 1)
3. Tall x Tall = T*T Hybrid (both male
and female are tall)
4. Dwarf x Dwarf= D*D Hybrid (Both
male and female are dwarf)
 Coconut Classification and Characteristics
TRAITS TALL DWARF HYBRID

Geographical More widely Less widely Less widely

distribution distributed distributed distributed
and commercial and non-commercial and non-commercial
Thin and Thin and
Stem Circumference Enlarged and with a either with a either with a
bulbous base cylindrical or cylindrical or
tapering base tapering base

Mode of Pollination Highly crossed Highly selfed Highly selfed

 Coconut Classification and Characteristics
TRAITS TALL DWARF HYBRID

Nut size (whole) Very small to Very small to Very small to

large medium medium

Genetic Variability
Within cultivar High Low Low
Between cultivar Low High

Generally more Less dense Less dense

Root Distribution dense and few and few
and plentiful
 Coconut Classification and Characteristics
TRAITS TALL DWARF HYBRID
Mixed green, yellow,
Pigmentation of nuts Most are mixtures of Either pure greens, or red greens,
and petiole of leaves greens and browns browns, yellows and browns, yellows and
reds reds
Height
> 50 cm < 50 cm < 50 cm
increment/year

Years to start
reproductive Late (5 to 7 years) Early (3 to 4 years) Early (3 to 4 years)
maturity
 Coconut Classification and Characteristics
TRAITS TALL DWARF HYBRID

Reaction to adverse Generally less Sensitive to

Sensitive to hypersensitive
conditions sensitive
hypersensitive
or environment

Cultural Requirement Average High input required High input required

Leaf and bunch Very strong Fragile

attachment
Expected life span > 50 years (80-90 < 50 years (40-50
years) years)
Coconut Classification and Characteristics
TRAITS TALL DWARF HYBRID

Bunch Factor 1.0 1.2 1.2

QUESTIONS?
 The Coconut
Varieties (Tall
and Dwarf
Varieties)
Tall Varieties
1. Laguna Tall
➢Produces 8-12 nuts/bunch
and 14-17 bunches/year
➢ Yields about 156 nuts
/palm/year
➢About 4-5 nuts produce 1 kg.
copra
Tall Varieties
2. Baybay Tall
➢Yields an average of 88
nuts/palm/year.
➢Fast germinating and early
flowering
➢First discovered in Baybay,
Leyte
Tall Varieties
3. Tagnanan Tall
➢Produces an average yield
of 3 tons copra/ha/year
➢Produces a mean copra/nut
of over 300 gm.
➢Highly uniform in stand
Tall Varieties
4. Bago –Oshiro Tall
➢Yields about 100
nuts/palm/year
➢Produces copra weight/nut
of about 210 gm
➢Named after Bago-Oshiro, a
place in Davao City
Tall Varieties
5. San Ramon Tall
➢Average copra weight/nut is
about 220 gm
➢Famous for extra –large nuts

➢This cultivar was found in San

Ramon, Zamboanga
Tall Varieties
6. Makapuno
➢ A mutant coconut whose fruit is
filled with soft meat and a very
viscous liquid (Embryo Cultured)
➢ Has a growing demand for ice
cream products; other new
products are emerging
➢ Ordinarily propagated by
planting seedlings grown from
normal nuts of Makapuno
bearing palms “Kabuwig”
Tall Varieties
7. Spicata Cultivar
• Minor tall variety
• Found only in few places like
Cotabato & Davao City
• The bunches look like a
lanzones
Dwarf Varieties
1. Catigan Green Dwarf
➢ Produces round, medium sized

➢ Yields over 3 tons of copra/ha/year

➢Flowers as early as 20 months after

planting

➢ Has good combining ability for the

production of hybrids
Dwarf Varieties
2. Tacunan Green Dwarf
➢Yields about 80 medium-
sized nuts/palm/year

➢Has short spikelets, shrunken

spathe, long stigmatic
➢ Has large and robust trunk
with closely –spaced leaf
scars indicating a slower
increase in upward growth
than most dwarf varieties
Dwarf Varieties
3. Malayan Dwarf
➢Malayan
Yellow Dwarf
➢Malayan
Red/Orange
Dwarf
➢Malayan Green
Dwarf
Dwarf Varieties
4. Galas Green Dwarf
➢Yields an average of 70
nuts/palm/year
➢Produces uniform, medium-
sized, round and deep green
nuts
➢Highly recommended for
commercial buko production
because of its sweet meat and
water
Dwarf Varieties
5. Aromatic Green
Dwarf
➢ Early-bearing and prolific

➢ Has small nuts with thin meat

➢Its sweetness and taste makes

it ideal for young or “buko”
production (7-8 mos. old)
➢ Outstanding coconut populations registered with the National Seed
Industry Council (NSIC) of the Department of Agriculture:

✓ Dwarf Accessions (4)

Catigan green dwarf Tacunan green dwarf
Malayan red dwarf Aromatic green dwarf

✓ Tall Accessions (7)

Baybay tall Tagnanan Bago Oshiro tall
tall Rennel Island tall Polynesian or Tahiti tall
Laguna tall West African tall
PCA Recommended Coconut Hybrids and
Cultivar for NCPRP Registered with DA-NSIC
PCA 15-1 (CATD x LAGT) PCA 15-9 (TACD x TAGT)
PCA 15-2 (MRD x TAGT) PCA 15-10 (TACD x LAGT)
PCA 15-3 (MRD x BAYT) PCA 15-11 (TACD x RIT)
PCA 15-4 (CATD x TAGT) PCA 15-12 (TACD x WAT)
PCA 15-5 (CATD x BAOT) PCA 15-13 (MRD x LAGT)
PCA 15-6 (CATD x PYT) PCA 15-14 (MRD x BAOT)
PCA 15-7 (MRD x PYT) PCA 15-15 (CATD x BAYT)
PCA 15-8 (TACD x BAOT) BAYT (AG2) (Baybay Tall)
QUESTIONS?
Post test!
1.

Coconut is a sun-loving plant

which needs _______ sunshine
hours per year
2.
3.

Commercial coconut areas are

found from ______________ meters
above sea level.
4.

Markings
on the stem
5.

Dwarf or Tall?
6.
7.

Dwarf or Tall?
8.

Dwarf or Tall?
9.

True or False:
Coconut can produce 30 leaves
per year.
10.
1

Female flower
11.

True or False:
Cultivar: Develops naturally, seeds from
this tend to grow true to type while Variety:
Develops with human interventions, seeds
from this is not true to type.
12.

??
13.
True or False:
Coconut is
considered an
orthodox
seeded species
14.
True or False:
Full crown
means an
average of 30
opened leaves.
15.

Dwarf or Tall?
1.

Coconut is a sun-loving plant

which needs _______ sunshine
hours per year
1.

Coconut is a sun-loving plant

which needs 2,000 sunshine
hours per year
2.
2.

Coconut haustorium -5 pts

Coconut apple -1 pt
(common name accepted) 1pt
3.

Commercial coconut areas are

found from ______________ meters.
3.

Commercial coconut areas are

found from 0-600 meters
above sea level.
4.

Markings
on the stem
4.

Leaf scars
5.

Dwarf or Tall?
5.

Malaysian Red Dwarf

6.
6.

Rachis or midrib
7.

Dwarf or Tall?
7.

Laguna Tall
8.

Dwarf or Tall?
8.

Dwarf or hybrid
9.

True or False:
Coconut can produce 30 leaves
per year.
9.

True or False:
Coconut can produce at least
12 leaves per year.
10.
1

Female flower
10.
1

Female flower
11.

True or False:
Cultivar: Develops naturally, seeds from
this tend to grow true to type while Variety:
Develops with human interventions, seeds
from this is not true to type.
11.

True or False:
Cultivar: Develops with human
interventions, seeds from this is not true to
type while Variety: Develops naturally,
seeds from this tend to grow true to type.
12.

??
12.
male
flower or
spikelets
13.
True or False:
Coconut is
considered an
orthodox
seeded species
13.
True or False:
Coconut is
considered an
recalcitrant
seeded species
14.
True or False:
Full crown
means an
average of 30
opened leaves.
14.
True or False:
Full crown
means an
average of 30
opened leaves.
15.

Dwarf or Tall?
15.

rennell island tall

SOURCING AND SELECTION
PROCESS OF SEEDNUTS

Presented by:
JESSA MAE T. ITALIA
Agriculturist
OUTLINE OF THE
PRESENTATION
1 2
4 3
OUTLINE OF THE
PRESENTATION
Selection of
2 3
source of
planting
materials 4
OUTLINE OF THE
PRESENTATION
Seednut
3 4
selection for
nursery
establishment 1
OUTLINE OF THE
PRESENTATION
Nursery site
4 1
selection for
nursery
establishment 2
OUTLINE OF THE
PRESENTATION
Seedlings
1 2
selection for
planting
3
OBJECTIVE
OBJECTIVE
At the end of this training, the coconut farmers are
able to:
Select the good source of planting materials;
Identify and select good coconut seednuts for
nursery establishment;
Determine the characteristics of a good nursery; and
Identify and select good coconut seedlings for
planting.
“The best preparation for
tomorrow is doing your
best today.”
Sourcing and
Selection?
Proper sourcing and
selection of quality
seednuts should be
done to ensure
productivity of palms.
SOURCE
Mother palms of open-
pollinated varieties shall be
selected from a block or
area of highly consistent
bearing palms.
 SELECTION
Mother Palm
Stout trunk
Leaf scars closely spaced
Seed nuts of uniform sizes
Spherical or semi-spherical
crown; at least 30 open leaves
Thick meat and heavy husked
nut
 SELECTION
Mother Palm
Stout trunk
Leaf scars closely spaced
Seed nuts of uniform sizes
Spherical or semi-spherical
crown; at least 30 open leaves
Thick meat and heavy husked
nut
 SELECTION
Seednuts
Matured with uniform sizes
Ungerminated
Typical of the variety
Sloshing sound when shaken
Without deep punctures or cuts
No damage by pests and
diseases-free
Nursery Site Selection
Nursery Site Selection
Rearing coconut seedlings in a well-
maintained nursery facilitates
efficient selection of normal uniform
seedlings.
High quality planting materials
provide a good head start to sustain
the coconut palms productive and
economic lifespan of 60 or more long
years in the field under extremely
variable conditions.
Nursery Site Selection
A nursery site with a minimum
area of 3,600 m2 is needed to
accommodate about 12,000
seednuts good for 50 ha.

A hectare of seedbed nursery

holds about 150,000 to 180,000
seednuts
Characteristics of a Good Nursery
Open, level, and well-drained

Have light or loose textured soil to

facilitate nursery operations

Have a good source of water without

possibility of flooding

Accessible to Transportation

Far from potential sources of insect pests

and diseases
To be fully operational, the nursery should have:
To be fully operational, the nursery should have:
A fence for security
To be fully operational, the nursery should have:
A fence for security

Farm Implements and small equipment

To be fully operational, the nursery should have:
A fence for security

Farm Implements and small equipment

A shed to house the implements

To be fully operational, the nursery should have:
A fence for security

Farm Implements and small equipment

A shed to house the implements

A source of water for Irrigation

To be fully operational, the nursery should have:
A fence for security

Farm Implements and small equipment

A shed to house the implements

A source of water for Irrigation

Sufficient Trained Manpower

SELECTION
Seedlings
SELECTION
Seedlings
About 4-5 months, when the
seedlings are about 3 feet tall,
seedlings are ready for field planting
Pest- and disease- free
Thick girth
No abnormalities
Robust and vigorous with good
vegetative growth
START IT Care must be taken in
raising and choosing the
seedlings to start a

RIGHT
plantation since plantings
will be in the field for
many years.
QUESTIONS?
PHILIPPINE COCONUT AUTHORITY
2nd floor PLM Bldg., Veterans Ave., Kalibo, Aklan
Tel. No. (036) 268-4113
Fax No. (036) 500-8613
[email protected]
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