Arjuna JEE AIR D1 (2026)

JEE
Weekly Test - 12 Advanced

DURATION : 180 MINUTES DATE : 27/10/2024 M. MARKS : 180

ANSWER KEY

PHYSICS CHEMISTRY MATHEMATICS

1. (8.00) 19. (0.16) 37. (0.30)
2. (8.00) 20. (16.76) 38. (5.00)
3. (24.00) 21. (82.00) 39. (6.00)
4. (2.00) 22. (6.00) 40. (181.50)
5. (4.00) 23. (0.13–0.14) 41. (8.00)
6. (5.00) 24. (5.00) 42. (9.00)
7. (6.25) 25. (11.50) 43. (5.00)
8. (100.00) 26. (3.00) 44. (10.00)
9. (C, D) 27. (B) 45. (A, B, D)
10. (A, B, C) 28. (A, D) 46. (A, B, C, D)
11. (A, B, C, D) 29. (C, D) 47. (A, B, D)
12. (B, C) 30. (A, B, C) 48. (B, D)
13. (A, B) 31. (B) 49. (A, B, C)
14. (A, B, C) 32. (A, B) 50. (A, B)
15. (A) 33. (B) 51. (A)
16. (C) 34. (B) 52. (B)
17. (A) 35. (C) 53. (B)
18. (C) 36. (C) 54. (C)

[1]
 PART-I (PHYSICS)
1. (8.00) relative horizontal displacement x
 time= =
relative horizontal velocity 2u

5. (4.00)

 x = displacement = distance of centre of mass

d v2
2T sin − dN = Rd  from the centre of initial position of the sphere
2 R
M (0) + M ( R / 2) R
( is linear mass density of belt) = =
 Td – dN = v2d M +M 4
 so total normal
+ /2 + /2 + /2 6. (5.00)
 dN cos  =  T cos d  − v  cos d 
2 vA = 1m/s, vB = 3 m/s
=
− /2 − /2 − /2 Power delivered by internal force = 0.
 N = 8 newton.

2. (8.00)
For critical case
Initial KE = P.E. at max height
l 1
mg = I Hinge 2
4 4
Angular momentum conservation about hinge 2T  VA cos180 + 2T  VB cos 0 + T  VC⊥ cos 180°
l =0
mv = I 
2 –2T + T × 6 – VC⊥ T = 0  VC⊥ = 4
l  ml 2 ml 2 
m 2 gh =  +  ; Since C is in contact with B.
2  12 4   C will have velocity = 3 m/s along horizontal
(v = 2 gh v 2 − u 2 = 2 gh )  Net velocity of C = 32 + 42 = 5 m / s

6 l 1  ml 2 ml 2   36 
2 gh = ;2mg =  +   2  2 gh  ; 7. (6.25)
6l 4 2  12 4  12l  mg – T = ma1
2l 2 2mg – 2T = 2ma2
= h =  12 = 8 ; h = 8
3 3 So, a1 = a2
Relative acceleration of bead with respect to end =
3. (24.00) 3a
FBD of the block, ; fL = 6N, Fpseudo = 4N f = 4N 1 l
 displacement of block x = at 2 = = 6.25 m
Acceleration of the block with respect to observes 2 3
= 2 – 5 = – 3 m/s2
 Displacement of the block w.r.t observes
1
=  −3  4 = −6m
2
 Work done by friction w.r.t observes = – 24
joule

8. (100.00)
torque = F × r = 40 × 0.1
4. (2.00) torque = I × α = 40 × 0.1
α = 10 rad/s2
Along AB, relative velocity of A w.r.t B = u 3
ω = ω0 + αt
cos 30° + u cos 60° = 2u
ω = 0 + 10 × 10 = 100 rad/s
[2]
9. (C, D) a cos  mg mg mg3
Apply the concept of conservation of angular =  =
momentum 3m a sin  a sin  9a tan 2  sin 
Li = 0, Li = Lf Fcos  at 02 cos  amg cos 
a= = =  = g cot .
m m a sin  m
10. (A, B, C) 3
t at a 4
s =  vdt =  0 cos dt = t0
F = kt 0 3m 12m
B A a m 2 g 2 cos  mg 2
=  2 2 =
1/2 kg 1/2 kg 12m a sin  12a tan  sin 
k = 0.2 k = 0.2
12. (B, C)
s = 0.2 s = 0.4
The angular momentum of the system is
System will be in equilibrium until A is in conserved. Kinetic energy will not be conserved
equilibrium. because friction is there.
Max Fr force on A = μs  0.5g
= 2N 13. (A, B)
F = Kt = t (k = 1) As AB = BC  VSR cos  + VSR sin 
If T = f2 B is in equilibrium  5 cos  + 1 = 5 sin 
 5 2 sin( − 45) = 1
1
  = 45 + sin −1  53
f2 max 0.2  0.5g =1N 5 2
 For t  3 : system as a whole is in 0.4 km
Time = = 0.1hr = 6 min
equilibrium 5sin km / hr
 For t upto 3 sec. system is in equilibrium and
is at rest.

 Options A, B and C are correct.

For t > 3 sec :
F on A = 1N
14. (A, B, C)
Parallel Axis theorem, check the distance
Fr force max while motion of A  k  N =1 carefully. ID = IB (symmetric)
a
T −1 = t − T −1 = 15. (A)
2 2
 x dm 2 m
a (I) AI =  dm    I =  x =
T −1 = 2 4 4l
2
l
m  x3  ml 2
 = =
2
x dx  
4l  3  12
0
dv 10 v
t−2=a =
dt
or 3 (t − 2)dt = 0 dv
10
 t2 
 − 2t  = (V − 0) = 31.5 m / s
2 3

11. (A, B, C, D)
For breaking off the plane : Fsin = mg 2
 2R 
mg (II) MR = I cm + M 
2

 at 02 sin = mg  t 0 =   
a sin 
2
Speed at time of breaking off.  2R 
I A = I cm + M  R − 
t 0 at cos 
2
at 2 cos    
 v = 0 dt = 0
m 3m
[3]
 R2
Displacement = + H max 2
2
u sin  1
time = = sec.
g 2
displacement
Avg. velocity =
total time
u sin 
  2 2  2 2   4 (B) The time is given by
I A − MR 2 = MR 2  1 −  −    = MR 2 1 −  g
        
 
Solve to get answer.
 4  8MR 2 u 2 sin 2
Or I A = MR 2  2 − = (C) R =
 22 / 7  11 g
solve to get answer.

R 3  (D) Change in linear momentum = initial

 − x
2 momentum – final momentum
(III)  = y
R 3 R = 3 10cos30 ˆi + 10sin 30ˆj − 3  10cos30iˆ
 
2
18. (C)
1 2
mg l (1 − cos ) = mv
2
v = 2 gl (1 − cos )
 2x  2 For the particle to complete the full circle
I =  (dm) x 2 =  (dx) yx 2 =   R −  x dx
 3 v = 2 gl (1 − cos )  5 g (l − d )
R 3 2l (1 − cos )  5l − 5d
M  x3 2 x4  2 MR 2
=  R −  =
 3R 2   3 3 4  0 8
 
 4 
1 1 M 2 M 2 
(IV) M (2 R)2 −  R + R 
2 2 4 4 
3 13
= 2MR 2 − MR 2 = MR 2
8 8
l
16. (C) d  (3 + 2cos )
5
I
Since K = l 1  4l 40l
m For  = 60° d  3 + 2  = =
5 2  5 50
m ( 2a )
2
2 l 3  42l
For axis 1, K = = a For  = 53° d  3 + 2  =
3 3 5 5  50
m ( 2a )
2
a For  = 60° and d = 0.6l
For axis 2, K = =
12 3  1
vbottom = 2 gl (1 − cos ) = 2  10  l 1 −  = 10l = gl
2  2
ma a
For axis 3, K = = Radius of circle centered around nail = 0.4l
3 3
m  v2 m  gl
ma 2
a Tstring = + mg = + mg
For axis 4, K = = l −d 0.4l
12 12 = mg (2.5 + 1) = 3.5 mg
For  = 53° and d = 0.61l
17. (A)
2
u 2 sin 2 R (10) 2 sin 60 10 3   3
(A) R =  = = m   2  gl  1 −  
g 2 2g 4 mv 2   5  
Tstring = + mg = + mg
2 l−d 0.4l
 1
 10   4 / 5 
u sin  
2 2
2 10 = mg  + 1 = 3mg
 H max = = = m  0.4 
2g 2  10 8
[4]
 PART-II (CHEMISTRY)
19. (0.16) x 2 2
 = = = 0.133
0.64  1.2 y 5  3 15
Before opening n He = ; After opening
R(289)
PHe  4.8 24. (5.00)
n He =
R(289) CO32–, O3, P4(white) , NO2, BF3
 PHe = 0.16 atm
25. (11.50)
1 1
20. (16.76) Use pH = 7 +   pKa + +   log C
H = U + n g RT
o o  
2  2

 3  8.314  298
H o = 1672.28 +    26. (3.00)
2 1000 I. XeOF4
= 1676 kJ / Mole
3
2Al(s) + O 2 (g) → Al 2O3 (s)
2
 f H Al2O3 = −1676 kJ / mole
o

4F atoms are in same plane. Xe is not in the same

plane of 4F atoms.
21. (82.00)
II. BrF3
40 g Ca is obtained from 164 g pure Ca(NO3)2
164
1g Ca is obtained from = 4.1g pure Ca(NO3)2
40
pureCa ( NO3 )2 3F and 1 Br atoms lie in the same plane.
Percentage purity =  100
impureCa ( NO3 )2 III. SF4

4.1
=  100 = 82%
5

22. (6.00) Maximum 3 atoms lie in the same plane.

IV. XeO3

4 atoms doesn’t lie in the same plane.

V. XeF4
 a +b+i =2+2+2=6

23. (0.13–0.14)
Fe2+ → Fe3+ + e
Mn 7 + + 5e → Mn 2+
All 5 atoms lie in the same plane.
 5 moles FeSO 4  1 mole Mn 7 + or 2 moles VI. SOCl2
2
FeSO4 = mole Mn 7+ = x
5
( )2 → 6C4+ + 6e
3 C3+

6e + ( Cr 6+ ) → 2Cr 3+
4 atoms doesn’t lie in the same plane.
2 VII. PF3
 1 mole Fe 2 ( C2 O 4 )3  1 mole K 2 Cr2 O 7
 3 mole Fe 2 ( C 2 O 4 )3 = 3 mole K 2 Cr2 O7 = y

[5]
 4 atoms doesn’t lie in the same plane. 33. (B)
VIII. NH +4 Reaction Change in
Thermodynamics
Function
I 3O2(g) →2O3 Always non-
(g) spontaneous r   and
Maximum 3 atoms lie in the same plane. rS   rG   Suni  
II 2C(Solid, r   and rS    rG
27. (B) graphite) +   (always)
In NO3− , BO33− , CO32− , No possibility of p–d O2(g) →
bonding as both atoms / ions belongs to 2nd 2CO(g)
period. III P(Solid, r   and rS    rG
white) →   only at low
28. (A, D) P(Solid, Red) temperature
BF3 shows strongest back bonding among boron IV NH4Cl(s) → r   and rS    rG
trihalides. In this pπ - pπ back bonding occurs. BI3 NH3(g) +   only at high
is the strongest Lewis acid due to least back HCl(g) temperature
bonding.
34. (B)
29. (C, D)
List-I List-II
(A) I2Cl6 is dimer of ICl3 and its structure is as
I If only force of P PV = RT + Pb,
shown and geometry of I is square planar
attraction among Vm > 22.4 (at STP)
Cl Cl Cl
I I the gas molecules
Cl Cl Cl be negligible
(B) Due to back bonding hybridization state of N II If only the Q a
is sp2 not sp3. PV = RT −
volume of the gas V
SiH3
molecules be
H3Si N
negligible
SiH3
3
III If both force of R PV = RT
(C) Nitrogen will be sp hybridization if it forms
attraction and
four  bonds.
volume of gas
(D) Sulphur is sp3 hybridization due to lone pair
molecules is
of electron.
negligible
CH3
IV If both the force S  a 
 P + 2  (V − b) = RT
S of attraction and  V 
volume of gas
H3 C molecule
O
is significant
30. (A, B, C)
B3N3H6 doesn’t show due to absence of d orbital 35. (C)
for overlapping in both B and N. NH4HS(s) NH3(g) + H2S(g)
On V  Forward reaction  Amount of product
31. (B)
 but concentration remains same
Li > B > C > Be (Second ionisation enthalpy)
2SO2 (g) + O2 (g) 2SO3 (g)
32. (A, B) On V   Backward reaction  Both amount &
NCl3, CCl2 proves that hybridisation of central concentration of product will decrease
atom does not change due to back bonding. 2NH3 (g) N2(g) + 3H2 (g)
[6]
 On V  Backward reaction  Amount of
product will decrease but concentration will
increase
CaO (s) + CO2 (g) CaCO3 (s)
On V  Forward reaction  Amount of product
will increase but concentration will remain same.

36. (C)

PART-III (MATHEMATICS)
37. (0.30) y ++ 
 =
Let the line L be
x
=
y
=r x  + 2 + 3
cos  sin  4 3
Let OP = r1, then point P (r1 cos θ, r1 sinθ) + +
= 7 7 = 14 = 7 = m
OQ = r2, then point Q (r2 cosθ, r2 sinθ) 8 9 24 12 n
Point P and Q lie on lines L1 and L2 respectively + +
7 7
 ( n − m ) = 12 − 7 = 5
5
Then OP = r1 = and
2cos  + 3sin 
10
OQ = r2 = 39. (6.00)
2 cos  + 3sin 
Let OR = r Since Q(zi) = zi4 − zi3 − zi2 − 1 = 0 for 1  i  4, we
Then, according to the condition, have
2OP × OQ = OR (OP + OQ) p ( zi ) = zi6 − zi5 − zi3 − zi2 − zi
 2r1r2 = (r1 + r2) · r
= zi2 ( zi4 − zi3 − zi2 − 1) + zi4 − zi3 − zi
2r r
 r= 12
r1 + r2 = zi4 − zi3 − zi = ( zi2 + 1) − zi
1 1 2
 + = The sum we want, S, is given by
r1 r2 r S = P ( z1 ) + P ( z2 ) + P ( z3 ) + P ( z4 )

( )
After putting value of r1 and r2
20 = 6r cosθ + 9r sinθ = z12 + z22 + z32 + z42 − ( z1 + z2 + z3 + z4 ) + 4
Point R (x, y) = (r cosθ, r sin θ) This is simple to calculate using Vieta’s relations.
 Locus is 6x + 9y = 20. Indeed,
S1 = z1 + z2 + z3 + z4 = 1
38. (5.00) and the second symmetric polynomial
Equation of altitudes through A, B, C are 4
y = x, x = 2 y , x = 3 y S2 =  zi z j = −1, so  zi2 = S12 − 2S2 = 3.
i j i =1
Let A ( ,  ) , B ( 2,  ) , C ( 3,  )
Hence our sum is S = 3 – 1 + 4 = 6.00
− 4
 Slope of AB = = −3   =
2 −  7 40. (181.50)
 − Let
Slope of BC = = −1
3 − 2 n
S1 =  i, S2 =  i j , and S3 =  i jk .
7  − 4 3 i =1 1i  j  n 1i  j  k  n
 = −1   = 
21 − 8 7 Also, let
  + 2 + 3  +  +   n n n
 Centroid =  ,  = ( x, y ) P1 =  i, P2 =  i 2 , P3 =  i3
 3 3 
i =1 i =1 i =1

[7]
 It is well-known that G2 : 2, 7, 12.....5n – 3
n(n + 1) n(n + 1)(2n + 1) G3 : 3, 8, 13.....5n – 2
S1 = P1 = , P2 = ,
2 6 G4 : 4, 9, 14.....5n – 1
2 G5 : 5, 10.....5n
 n(n + 1) 
P3 =   . a4 – b4 = (a – b)(a + b)(a2 + b2)
 2 
We can use Newton’s identities to solve for S3, the 17n 2 − 5n
n
C2 + 4n C2 =
desired quantity. First, we have 2
1  n2 (n + 1)2 n(n + 1)(2n + 1) 
S2 =
1 2
2
(
P1 − P2 = 
2 
) 4
−
6

44. (10.00)


=
( )
n n2 − 1 (3n + 2)
Since diagonal is member of both the given
families of line, so it will pass through the points
24 (1, 0) and (–1, 1).
We can now express the quantity we desire, S3, in  Equation of diagonal AC is x + 2 y − 1 = 0
terms of expressions we know:
Since one of the vertices is (3, 2) (which does not
S3 =
1
3
(
P3 − P13 + 3P1S2 ) lie on AC), so equation of diagonal BD is
2x − y = 4

1 n 2 (n + 1) 2 n3 ( n + 1)3
=  −
 ( ) 
 n( n + 1)   n n − 1 (3n + 2)  
+ 3
2


3  4 8  2   24  
  
1
= (n + 1)2 n 2 (n − 1)(n − 2)
48
121 100  9  8 36300
= = = 18150
48 2

41. (8.00)  Point of intersection of diagonals AC and BD is

 9 −2 
P ,  .
5 5 
 3 −15 
 Vertex D is  , 
5 5 
( P is mid point of B and D)
12 5
 22 33  Also BD = units (say d1)
  ,  5
 3 4
 Area of rhombus
 =8
1 1  12 5 
= ( d1  d2 ) =   d 2 = 12 5 (Given)
42. (9.00) 2 2  5 
D 4y – 3 x + 1 = 0 C So, d2 = 10 units
Hence length of longer diagonal of rhombus = AC
0

0
1=

2=

= 10.
4x +

4x +

45. (A, B, D)
3y –

3y –

As 2α2, α4, 24 are in A.P.

A 4y – 3x – 1 = 0 B So, 2α4 = 2α2 + 24
 11 10   α4 – α2 – 12 = 0
A (1,1) , B  ,   (α2 – 4)(α2 + 3) = 0
7 7
 α = ± 2 (as α2 + 3  0 for any real α)
5 2
C ,  Also, 1, β2, 6 – β2 are in G.P.
7 7
So, β4 = 1(6 – β2)
2  β4 + β 2 – 6 = 0
Area of ABCD =
7  (β2 + 3)(β2 – 2) = 0
43. (5.00)   =  2 (as β2 + 3  0 for any real β)
G1 :1, 6, 11.....5n – 4 Hence, 12 +  22 + 12 + 22 = 12
[8]
 y
46. (A, B, C, D)
B(0,8)
Let 768 = 32cos 
16 3 = 32cos 
3 
cos  = =
2 6
So
x
  A(2,0)
4 + 8 − 32 + 32 cos = 4 + 8 − 8cos O
6 12
 11  4a  4(a 2 − 1 + 1)
= 4 + 4sin = 4 + 4 cos Now, 2A = ab = a   =
24 24  a −1  a −1
11
= 2 2 cos
48  1 
= 4 (a + 1) +
So, a = 2, b = 11, c = 48  a − 1 
(a + b + c) = 61
dA  1 
2 = 4 1 −  =0
47. (A, B, D) da  (a − 1) 2 
2 − x  x2 a – 1 = 1 or – 1
2 − x x 2
a = 2; b = 8, m = – 4
x + x − 20
2
16
 –2 < x < 1 …… (i) Amin = =8
2
6 x − 5 x +1 0
2
……(ii)
Equation is (y – 4) = – 4(x – 1)
(2{x} –1) (3{x} –1) < 0
1
   x 
1  y – 4 = – 4x + 4
3 2
1 1  4x + y = 8
 n +  x  n + , n I
3 2 1
 28
Which can be represented as  8
Also, r = = 2 = = 5 − 17
s 2 + 8 + 68 5 + 17
–8/3 –5/2 –5/3 –3/2 –2/3 –1/2 1/3 1/2 4/3 3/2 2

Taking its intersection with (i) and (ii) Now verify alternatives.
 5 −3   2 1   1 1 
x − ,   − , −   , 
 3 2   3 2 3 2 49. (A, B, C)
n
1
48. (B, D) If  k + 3Ck …
x y k =0
Let the line be + = 1 , a, b > 0 n
a b 1
 k + 3Ck
1 4 4 1 4 a −1 k =0
where + =1  = 1−  = n
(k + 1)(k + 2)
a b b a b a
=  (n + 1)(n + 2)(n + 3) n+3
Ck + 3
k =0
4a
b= 1
a −1 =
(n + 1)(n + 2)(n + 3)
n
 (k 2 + 5k + 6 − (2k + 6) + 2) n+3 Ck +3
k =0
1
=
(n + 1)(n + 2)(n + 3)

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  n 2 n (IV) Midpoint of (1, –2) and (3, 4) will satisfy
  (k + 5k + 6) Ck +3 − 2  (k + 3) Ck +3 + 2
n+3 n +3
 k =0 y–x–1+λ=0⇒λ=2
k =0
52. (B)
n 
 n+3
Ck +3  I. Sum of the coefficients in the expansion of
k =0 
(a2x2 – 2ax + 1)50 = (a – 1)50 = 0  a = 1.
1
= Therefore a + 2a + 3a + …. + 10a = 1 + 2 +
(n + 1)(n + 2)(n + 3)
10.11
 n n 3 + …+10 = = 55
(n + 3)(n + 2)  Ck +1 − 2(n + 3)  n+ 2 Ck + 2 + 2
n+1 2

( )
k =0 k =0 6
II. Let x = 3 + 2 2 =  x  + f and
n 
 n+3
Ck +3 
( )
6
k =0  g = 3− 2 2
1
= Then[x] + f + g = x + g = 2 (some integer) Now
(n + 1)(n + 2)(n + 3)
0 < f, g < 1 and [x] + f + g is an integer. This
(n + 2)(n + 3)(2n+1 − 1) − 2(n + 3)[2n+ 2 − (n + 3)] + 2
 implies f + g = 1. Therefore x (1 – f ) =
 n+3 (n + 2)(n + 3)  
( ) (3 − 2 2 )
6 6
 2 − (n + 4) −   xg = 3 + 2 2 =1
2 
On solving we get III. We have
n+1 r
(n + n + 2)2 − 2
2
=
(n + 1)(n + 2)(n + 3)
Tr +1 = Cr x
n
( ) 3 n−r  −1 
. 2  = ( −1) n Cr x3n−5r
x 
r

a=1 p=1 3n − 5
b=1 q=2 Now 3n – 5r = 5  r= =p …(1)
5
c=2 r=3
d = –2 3n − 10
3n − 5r = 10  =q ….(2)
5
50. (A, B) Therefore from Eqs. (1) and (2)
 1 1 1  1 1 1   1 1 1 2  2 1  p–q=1
 + −  + −  =  + + −  − 
 b c a  c a b   b c c b  b b  Hence nCp (–1)p + nCq (–1)q = 0
 2 11 2 1 n
Cp (–1)p + nCp – 1 (–1)p – 1 = 0
= −  = − 2
 c b  b bc b n
Cp = nCp – 1
Also by eliminating b, we get the given
 3n − 5 
 = n + 1  n = 15
expression 2
(a + c)(3a − c)  5 
.
4a 2 c 2 IV. We have Tr + 1 = 1024Cr5(1024 – r)/2. 7r/8 is an
51. (A) integer. Therefore r is a multiple of 8. Since
1 −2 −6 0  r  1024, the number of multiples of 8
(I) Lines are concurrent 3 1 −4 = 0 which lie between 0 and 1024 (both
inclusive) is 129.
 4 2
53. (B)
⇒ λ2 + 2λ – 8 = 0 ⇒ λ = 2, –4 2 tan x
I. 1 − tan 2 x =
 +1 1 1 tan 2 x
(II) Points are collinear 2 + 1 3 1 = 0 2k 
 2k   2 tan
2 + 2 2 1 1 − tan 2  n = 2n + 1
 2 +1  k +1
⇒ 2λ2 – 3λ – 2 = 0   tan 2 
2n + 1
1
⇒  = 2, − On taking product we get
2
2 tan 2k   2 
(III) Point of intersection of x – y + 1 = 0 and 3x + 100 tan  100 
1 2100 + 1  2 + 1  = −1
y – 5 = 0 is (1, 2), it will satisfy x + y – 1 – λ .
2100 k =1  2k +1  
=
 2100  
tan  100  tan  100
=0⇒λ=2  2 +1  2 + 1 
   

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II. 54. (C)

(
1 + 2cos 2ak = 1 + 2 1 − 2sin 2 ak ) I.

= 1 + 2 (1 − 2sin 2 ak )

= 3 − 4sin 2 ak
sin 3ak
= II.
sin ak

3k 
Where ak =
3n + 1
  3k +1   
 sin  100  
  3 + 1   = sin 3a101
100
   3k   sin a
k =1   1
sin  100
  3 + 1  
   III.

3100+1 
sin
= 3100 + 1
3
sin
3100 + 1
 The number of last fraction is equal to
 3  3 IV.
sin  3 − n  = sin n
 3 +1 3 +1
III.
1 − 4cos 2 a 1 − 2 (1 + cos 2a )
1 − cos a = =
1 + 2cos a 1 + 2cos a
 1 + 2cos 2a 
= − 
 1 + 2cos a 
1 + 2cos x
 The product becomes ( −1)
n
x
1 + 2cos n
2
1 1 − tan 2 x
IV. tan x = −
tan x tan x
1 2
= − = cot x − 2cot 2 x
tan x tan 2 x
1 a 1 a 1 a
 n tan n = n cot n − n−1 cot n−1
2 2 2 2 2 2
 on adding
1 a 1
lim n cot n − cot a = − cot a
n→ 2 2 a
1
a =2
2

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