buildings

Article
Development of BIM Execution Plan for BIM Model
Management during the Pre-Operation Phase:
A Case Study
Yu-Cheng Lin *, Yen-Pei Chen, Wan-Ting Huang and Chia-Chun Hong
Department of Civil Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology (Taipei Tech), No.1, Sec.3,
Chung-Hsiao East Road, Taipei 10608, Taiwan; [email protected] (Y.-P.C.); [email protected] (W.-T.H.);
[email protected] (C.-C.H.)
* Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +886-2-2771-2171 (ext. 2673); Fax: +886-2-8773-0102

Academic Editor: Wolfgang Kastner

Received: 2 September 2015; Accepted: 4 February 2016; Published: 17 February 2016

Abstract: Building information modeling (BIM) technologies use precise geometry and relevant data
to enhance and improve the maintenance performance of facilities integrated with 3D object-oriented
computer aided design (CAD). Although most owners agree on the potential benefits of integrating
BIM technologies with facility management (FM), they must overcome many problems to plan and
develop effective BIM execution plans for FM implementation. This study proposes and develops a
BIM execution plan for BIM model management for FM during the pre-operation phase. Through
the application of the proposed BIM execution plan, BIM can be effectively implemented during the
operation and maintenance phases. In order to verify the proposed methodology and demonstrate
its effectiveness in practice, the BIM execution plan is then applied in a selected case study of a
building project in Taiwan. The combined results demonstrate that the proposed BIM execution
plan is an effective approach for operation and maintenance management. The advantage of the
proposed BIM execution plan lies not only in improving the efficiency of maintenance management
work when integrated with BIM technologies, but also in maximizing the value and benefits of
BIM to support maintenance management. Finally, limitations, difficulties, and suggestions are
summarized for further development of the BIM execution plan for BIM model management during
the pre-operation phase.

Keywords: BIM; building information modeling; maintenance management; facility management

1. Introduction
Building information modeling (BIM) technologies use precise geometry and relevant data to
enhance and improve the maintenance service of facilities through the 3D object-oriented CAD.
Although most owners agree on the potential benefits of BIM technologies integrated with facility
management (FM), there are many problems for the owners to plan and develop effective BIM execution
plans for FM implementation. This study proposes and develops a BIM execution plan for FM,
especially during the operation and maintenance phase. With the assistance of BIM technology, many
limitations regarding 2D drawings can be improved effectively because of the 3D visual illustration
capability. Although there are many advantages in using BIM for FM, there are many difficulties
associated with the planning and application of BIM for FM during the pre-operation phase.
Although many studies have focused on the application of BIM technology during the operation
phase, little research has considered the development of a BIM execution plan for owners during the
pre-operation phase. In Taiwan, most owners receive as-built BIM models from the general contractor
during project closeout phase. Without suitable plans and approaches, it is difficult for owners to

Buildings 2016, 6, 8; doi:10.3390/buildings6010008 www.mdpi.com/journal/buildings

Buildings 2016, 6, 8 2 of 14

prepare and implement BIM technology for FM. Consequently, there can be significant gaps and
difficulties in real applications of BIM in FM. According to survey findings regarding BIM-FM-ready
work in Taiwan [1], the primary problems regarding real BIM implementation for FM for owners are as
follows: (1) there is no suitable BIM plan for BIM model management to guide BIM execution during
the pre-operation phase; (2) there is no approach to the confirm the accuracy of the final as-built BIM
models when the general contractors deliver the BIM model to the owner; and (3) there is no suitable
management mechanism to implement BIM model management. Few suitably simple approaches
exist that can assist owners in developing BIM-FM execution plans and identifying their requirements
during the pre-operation phase.
In order to improve the above problems, it is necessary for owners to develop a BIM execution
plan during the pre-operation phase. With the assistance of the proposed BIM execution plan, the
implementation of a BIM can be effective during the operation phase. The primary objectives of this
study include: (1) identifying for owners the primary problems regarding BIM implementation for FM;
(2) developing for owners a BIM execution plan during the pre-operation phase; and (3) exploring
limitations, addressing problems, and providing suggestions based on the implementation of the
pilot case study. Through the application of the proposed BIM execution plan, BIM can be effectively
implemented during the operation phase. Furthermore, the proposed BIM execution plan is then
applied in a selected case study of a building project in Taiwan to verify the proposed approach
and demonstrate its effectiveness in practice. Finally, limitations, challenges, and suggestions are
summarized for further development of the BIM execution plan in practice.

2. Related Research Studies

The precise geometry and relevant data provided by BIM digitally to assist the design,
procurement, fabrication, and construction activities through the use of 3D object-oriented CAD [2].
The potential benefits of BIM for facility management (FM) have been acknowledged by the
AEC industry [3]. William East et al. [4] proposed the facility management (FM) handover
model view definition (MVD) to replace current construction handover document requirements.
Becerik-Gerber et al. [5] explored how BIM can be a beneficial platform for supplementing FM practices
based on an online survey and face-to-face interviews. Wang et al. [6] illustrated how BIM would
beneficially improve the preference of FM work during the design phase. Bosch et al. [7] investigated
information management during the operations stage from the viewpoint of owners and determined
the added value of BIM within this growing field of construction. Kassem et al. [8] provided a real-life
case study of BIM in FM and explored empirical evidence of both the value and challenges of BIM
in FM applications. Arayici et al. [9] explained how BIM could contribute to and improve the FM
profession service.
The BIM approach, which is used to illustrate facility-related information in a digital format,
provides effective updates of FM information in a 3D CAD environment. There are many practical
studies on the use of BIM in the operation phase. Motamedi et al. [10] utilized characteristic of BIM
visualization to assist FM work with visualizations for utilizing problem solving effectively. Kang
and Hong [11] proposed a software architecture for the effective integration of BIM into a geographic
information system (GIS)-based FM system. Lin et al. [12] proposed a mobile automated BIM-based
facility management (BIMFM) system integrated with 2D barcode for FM staff in the operation
phase. Motawa and Almarshad [13] developed an integrated system to capture, retrieve, and manage
information/knowledge for asset management and building maintenance. Love et al. [14] proposed a
systems information model integrated with BIM for asset managers and staff to make more informed
and quicker decisions about maintenance.
There are many BIM guides with implementation strategies to outline the various possible
deliverables, processes and personnel using BIM in the design phase, the construction phase,
or the operation phase based on the different roles and responsibilities of project members [15].
Buildings 2016, 6, 8 3 of 14

Messner et al. [16] developed a BIM guide to aid facility owners as they develop strategic,
implementation, and procurement plans for integrating BIM in their organizations.
Although
Buildings 2016, 6, 8 there are many studies that focus on the application of BIM technology during the
3 of 14
operation phase, there is little research that focuses on assisting the owners in developing BIM execution
execution
plans duringplanstheduring the pre‐operation
pre-operation phase. the
phase. Without Without the plans
suitable suitable
andplans and approaches,
approaches, it is hardit for
is hard
the
for the owners
owners to knowtohow know how and
to plan to plan and implement
implement the BIM the BIM technology
technology formanagement.
for facility facility management.
In order to In
order to the
improve improve
abovethe above problems,
problems, it is necessary
it is necessary for the
for the owners owners to
to develop develop
BIM BIMplans
execution execution
during plans
the
during the pre‐operation
pre-operation phase. With thephase. With of
assistance thetheassistance
proposed of theexecution
BIM proposed BIMthe
plans, execution plans, the
implementation of
implementation
BIM can be effective of BIM can the
during be effective
operationduring
phase.the operation phase.

3. Proposed Approach
3. Proposed Approach
The
The preparation
preparation of ofBIM
BIMwork
workatatthe the early
early stage
stage of the
of the operation
operation phasephase is very
is very important
important for
for BIM‐
BIM-FM implementation. The involvement of the facility management team
FM implementation. The involvement of the facility management team at this early stage can be at this early stage can
be helpful
helpful forfor BIM-FM
BIM‐FM implementationpurposes.
implementation purposes.However,
However,ininreality,
reality, the
the facility
facility management
management team team
may
may not
not have
have been
been established
established inin its
its early
early stages.
stages. Thus,
Thus, the
the initial
initial development
development of of aa BIM
BIM execution
execution
plan
plan of
ofoperation
operationand andmaintenance
maintenancemanagement
managementcould could solve
solvethis problem.
this problem. The initial
The development
initial development of
aofBIM
a BIMexecution
execution plan presents
plan presentsa structured
a structured approach
approachtotoeffectively
effectivelydesign
designthetheintegration
integrationof ofaa BIM
BIM
for
for FM.
FM. Many
Many plans
plans and
and processes
processes need
need toto be
be developed
developed for for BIM-FM
BIM‐FM implementation
implementation at at the
the early
early
stages
stages of
of the
the operation
operation phase
phase to
to subsequently
subsequently implement
implement the the BIM-FM
BIM‐FM successfully.
successfully. Figure
Figure 11 shows
shows
the
the process
process ofof the
the as-built
as‐built BIM
BIM models
models delivered
delivered toto the
the owner
owner to to be
be updated
updated forfor as-built
as‐built BIM
BIM models
models
for
for FM. Before the
FM. Before the start
startofofBIM
BIMimplementation
implementationfor forBIM‐FM
BIM-FM work
work during
during thethe pre-operation
pre‐operation phase,
phase, all
all
as‐built BIM models should be confirmed and updated for FM. Those tasks include developing aa
as-built BIM models should be confirmed and updated for FM. Those tasks include developing
related
related plan to confirm
plan to confirm the
theaccuracy
accuracyofofas‐built
as-builtBIM
BIMmodels
models forfor
FM FMandand setting
setting upup related
related processes
processes for
for the implementation of BIM-FM work during the
the implementation of BIM‐FM work during the operation phase. operation phase.

Figure 1.
Figure 1. The
The process of the
process of the as‐built
as-built Building
Building Information Modeling (BIM)
Information Modeling (BIM) models
models delivered
delivered to
to update
update
as‐built BIM models for facility management
as-built BIM models for facility management (FM). (FM).

The implementation process will vary from one organization to another depending on its goals
The implementation process will vary from one organization to another depending on its goals
and objectives, the size of the organization, available resources and time, financial support, and
and objectives, the size of the organization, available resources and time, financial support, and
experience with BIM. Therefore, one of the major objectives of the study is to help owners to
experience with BIM. Therefore, one of the major objectives of the study is to help owners to determine
determine a defined approach to develop a BIM execution plan in order to avoid the risk of cost
a defined approach to develop a BIM execution plan in order to avoid the risk of cost overrun and
overrun and misdirected time and resources. There are seven BIM execution plan core elements proposed
misdirected time and resources. There are seven BIM execution plan core elements proposed in the
in the study that must be considered based on the interview with industry experts (Figure 2). The seven
study that must be considered based on the interview with industry experts (Figure 2). The seven
proposed BIM execution plan core elements are as follows:
proposed BIM execution plan core elements are as follows:
Buildings 2016, 6, 8 4 of 14
Buildings 2016, 6, 8 4 of 14

7. Rules Development for 1. Development of BIM-FM

BIM Models Usage for FM Implementation Team

6. Development of BIM
BIM Execution Plan 2. Development of BIM-FM
Models Inspection
Cores Elements Strategy
Mechanism

5. Development of BIM-FM 3. Development of BIM-FM

Information Collection Documents

4. Development of BIM-FM
Process

Figure 2. Proposed
Figure 2. Proposed seven
seven BIM
BIM execution plan core
execution plan core elements
elements for
for BIM-FM
BIM‐FM purpose.
purpose.

3.1. Development
3.1. of BIM-FM
Development of BIM‐FM Implementation
Implementation Team
Team
The establishment
The establishmentofofa aproper
proper team
team and
and personnel
personnel for for BIM‐FM
BIM-FM implementation
implementation is of
is one one
theofmost
the
most critical factors to successful implementation and integration of BIM. The BIM manager(s)
critical factors to successful implementation and integration of BIM. The BIM manager(s) and a few and a
few key members of the BIM‐FM implementation committee should become
key members of the BIM-FM implementation committee should become members of the BIM-FM team. members of the BIM‐
FM
It team.important
is very It is veryforimportant
an owner for an owner
to establish thetoroles
establish the roles andofresponsibilities
and responsibilities each participant ofineach
the
participant in the BIM implementation process for FM. With a BIM Implementation
BIM implementation process for FM. With a BIM Implementation Team established, the roles and Team established,
the roles and responsibilities
responsibilities of each member of each
of themember of thebe
team should team should
agreed uponbeand
agreed upon and This
documented. documented.
includes
This includes and
requirements requirements andfor
deliverables deliverables for each
each individual individual
on the team. on the team.
In order
In order to to enhance
enhance thethe performance
performance of of BIM
BIM execution
execution for
for operation
operation and
and maintenance
maintenance
management, the
management, study proposes
the study proposes seven
seven major
major roles
roles for
for BIM
BIM FMFM implementation.
implementation. Based
Based onon expert’s
expert’s
interview, these roles include FM manager, owner, BIM engineer, Information Technology
interview, these roles include FM manager, owner, BIM engineer, Information Technology (IT) Engineer, (IT)
Engineer, FM staff, Facility Suppliers, and users. More detailed information regarding
FM staff, Facility Suppliers, and users. More detailed information regarding each role is given below each role is
given below
(Table 1). (Table 1).

Table 1. The
Table 1. The detailed
detailed required
required roles
roles for
for BIM
BIM model
model usage
usage for
for FM.
FM.

Project Participants Definition

Project ParticipantsThe person who manages facility services, ensures Definition
that an organization meets the most suitable
FM Manager
objectives, and determines
The person who managesrelevant BIMservices,
facility FM activities.
ensures that an organization meets the most
FM Manager
Owner The person who
suitable decides major
objectives, decisions and
and determines requirements
relevant for the application of BIM in FM.
BIM FM activities.
Owner The person
The who helps
person who the owners
decides majorto create the and
decisions initial BIM‐relatedfor
requirements implementation
the applicationplan for the
of BIM in FM.
BIM Engineer
BIM use for FM; and to develop, revise, update related BIM model during the pre‐operation phase.
The person who helps the owners to create the initial BIM-related implementation plan for
The person who plans and develops the detailed plan for integrated BIM‐FM system during the
ITBIM Engineer
Engineer the BIM use for FM; and to develop, revise, update related BIM model during the
pre‐operation phase.phase.
pre-operation
The person who handles equipment repair work in the FM department and reports the status,
FM Staff The person who plans and develops the detailed plan for integrated BIM-FM system during
IT Engineer problems, and results of maintenance to related FM participants for improving FM management.
the pre-operation phase.
Facility Suppliers The person who supports facilities by assisting with their setup and repairs when needed.
The person
The person whothe
who uses handles equipment
equipment repair work
and reports in the FM
equipment department
malfunction and reports the status,
to maintenance
Users
FM Staff problems, and results of maintenance to related FM participants for improving FM
management office.
management.
Facility Suppliers The person who supports facilities by assisting with their setup and repairs when needed.
3.2. Development of BIM‐FM Strategy
The person who uses the equipment and reports equipment malfunction to maintenance
Users
management
A suitable strategy for office.
BIM implementation for FM provides the BIM‐FM team a plan to operate
the BIM‐FM successfully. It is necessary to define the goals and objectives for implementing BIM for
FM. In order to develop a BIM‐FM strategy, all FM participants, including top management need to
Buildings 2016, 6, 8 5 of 14

3.2. Development of BIM-FM Strategy

A suitable strategy for BIM implementation for FM provides the BIM-FM team a plan to operate
the BIM-FM successfully. It is necessary to define the goals and objectives for implementing BIM for
FM. In order to develop a BIM-FM strategy, all FM participants, including top management need to
meet and identify the major requirements and objectives of BIM-FM implementation. Furthermore,
those identified strategies should be documented for future sharing and revision. Each BIM-FM
strategy will be different in terms of its requirements and objectives for BIM implementation for
FM. Those strategies include process checking, related processes of BIM model development, and a
framework for maintenance management. Therefore, all FM participants (including top management)
should establish the BIM-FM goals for future BIM implementation.

3.3. Development of BIM-FM Documents

It is necessary to develop suitable documents and tables for BIM implementation for FM integral
to strategy identification and documentation. It is very important to create the requirements for these
documents and tables for which the BIM will be implemented. The purpose of these documents and
tables are designed for detail description and management for BIM implementation for FM. These
documents and tables assist with BIM model inspection work and include basic information/date
of the BIM model elements of the facility/equipment; the facility supporter’s information; and, the
operation manual that is externally linked with the BIM model element. The initial documentation
includes generating, processing, communicating, executing, and managing information concerning the
FM tasks related to the major requirements and objectives of BIM-FM implementation. Furthermore,
those proposed documents and tables should be documented for future sharing and revision. In this
core element, all FM participants should provide feedback on the problems they face and suggest
better usage of documents and tables for BIM implementation.

3.4. Development of BIM-FM Process

This core element describes the means to accomplish BIM usage by documenting the current
processes, designing new BIM processes, and developing transition processes. Usually, FM operations
include multiple operation tasks and responsibilities. Knowledge of these existing processes is essential
to creating and developing new processes with the assistance of BIM technology. It is these tasks and
responsibilities that should be clearly documented. Checklists and milestones must be developed for
BIM management for FM.

3.5. Development of BIM-FM Information Collection

Authorized staff needs to identify the information to be displayed and integrated with the BIM
models. Furthermore, they need to define the information needs of the organization, including
model element breakdowns, levels of development, and facility data (such as facility profile,
model parameters, and external links information). These items include the people responsible
for implementing the phases, checkpoints throughout the time frame, and links between drivers that
support their mutual advancement. The development of a detailed roadmap involves FM-related
work sessions or workshops with various members of the BIM-FM team. An analysis of project
status, the desired level of maturity, and the gaps to be bridged should be identified. The sequence in
which the BIM Planning Elements should be identified and developed based on the specific BIM goals
and objectives.

3.6. Development of BIM Models Inspection Mechanism

Owners may use and revise the final as-built BIM models delivered from the general contractor
in the pre-operation phase. The proposed flowchart is developed for the BIM models inspection
mechanism. When the general contractor delivers the final as-built BIM models to the owner, the
Buildings 2016, 6, 8 6 of 14

owner needs to inspect the accuracy of the final BIM models for FM usage based on the contract.
Furthermore, the proposed process is developed so that the owner can inspect the accuracy of the final
BIM models before the BIM is applied to operation and maintenance management. The major content
of the proposed process includes: inspecting BIM element information; confirming the positions within
Buildings 2016, 6, 8 6 of 14
the BIM models compared with the actual facility/equipment positions; and determining if certain
basic information
authorized by the of the BIM may
owner models musttablets
carry be updated or revised.
that can access Staff
the authorized
BIM model byand
the owner
go to may the
carry tablets that can access the BIM model and go to the facility/equipment position
facility/equipment position directly for BIM model inspection work. Finally, the authorized staff will directly for BIM
model
identify inspection
the problems,work.make
Finally, the authorized
statements and take staff will identify
photos the problems,
of the problems make statements
discovered, and submitand the
take photos of the problems discovered,
problems to BIM engineers for a solution. and submit the problems to BIM engineers for a solution.
During
During the the process
process ofof BIM
BIM model
model inspection
inspection work,
work, aa detailed
detailed record
record of of new
new BIMBIM model
model
development,
development, revised revised BIM
BIM models,
models, and and deleted
deleted BIMBIM models
models should
should be be recorded
recorded and and traced
traced
completely. The major purpose of the process management is to reduce
completely. The major purpose of the process management is to reduce the potential for errors the potential for errors
and
and misunderstandings in the application of the revised BIM models. Furthermore,
misunderstandings in the application of the revised BIM models. Furthermore, it is important to it is important
to verify
verify thethe integrity
integrity and
and accuracyofofBIM
accuracy BIMmodels
modelsininorder
ordertoto meet
meet the
the requirements
requirements of of the
the BIM
BIM
application for operation and maintenance management. In order to fulfill
application for operation and maintenance management. In order to fulfill these needs, the study these needs, the study
proposes
proposes managed
managed documents
documents and and tables
tables for
for BIM
BIM model
model inspection
inspectionwork.
work.
The BIM model inspection work consists of two parts.
The BIM model inspection work consists of two parts. The first part The first part is inspect
is to to inspect
andand confirm
confirm the
the basic information of BIM model elements. The main content of this
basic information of BIM model elements. The main content of this part includes basic information/date part includes basic
information/date
of the BIM modelofelements the BIM ofmodel elements of the facility/equipment
the facility/equipment (such as name and (such as name and
information of information
BIM model
of BIM model element of the facility/equipment). The second part is to
element of the facility/equipment). The second part is to confirm the location of facility/equipment confirm the locationand of
facility/equipment and verifycompared
verify the related information the relatedwithinformation compared withAny
real facility/equipment. realproblems
facility/equipment.
and suggestions Any
problems
are recorded andandsuggestions
traced in are
therecorded
event of and traced being
a problem in the identified
event of aby problem
FM staff being identified
or the by FM
BIM engineer.
staff or the
Finally, the BIM
BIMengineer.
engineer Finally, the BIM
will revise and engineer
modify the willBIM
revise and modify
models using the the proposed
BIM models using
managed
the proposed
documents and managed documents
tables based on theand tables based
identified on the
problems. identified
Figure 3 shows problems.
the processFigure 3 shows
of BIM the
models
process
inspectionof BIM modelsduring
mechanism inspection mechanism
pre‐operation during pre-operation phase.
phase.

Figure 3.
Figure 3. The
The process of BIM
process of BIM models
models inspection
inspection mechanism
mechanism during
during pre-operation
pre‐operation phase.
phase.

3.7. Rules Development for BIM Models Usage for FM

3.7. Rules Development for BIM Models Usage for FM
To assist the operation of the maintenance phase using BIM technology, rule development of
To assist the operation of the maintenance phase using BIM technology, rule development of BIM
BIM models usage for FM should be planned initially for effective BIM management purpose. The
models usage for FM should be planned initially for effective BIM management purpose. The rule
rule development results of BIM models usage for FM are described in detail in the section below.
development results of BIM models usage for FM are described in detail in the section below.
3.7.1. The Color Plan Development of BIM Models
The identification and development of the color plan of BIM model for FM is necessary for
advanced management. The different color illustrations for facility/equipment classification provide
those visual illustrations of BIM models for FM that can be enhanced for effective tracing and
management. Furthermore, different management statuses of facility/equipment can be depicted
with different colors to reflect the elements of BIM models.3.7.2. The Analysis of Level of Detail (LOD)
for BIM Model
Buildings 2016, 6, 8 7 of 14

3.7.1. The Color Plan Development of BIM Models

The identification and development of the color plan of BIM model for FM is necessary for
advanced management. The different color illustrations for facility/equipment classification provide
those visual illustrations of BIM models for FM that can be enhanced for effective tracing and
management. Furthermore, different management statuses of facility/equipment can be depicted with
different colors to reflect the elements of BIM models.3.7.2. The Analysis of Level of Detail (LOD) for
BIM Model
The required analysis of Level of Detail (LOD) for BIM model is necessary and important for FM
usage. There are six LOD (such as LOD 100, 200, 300, 350, 400, and 500) based on the The American
Institute of Architects (AIA) Contract Documents Committee. While most of FM projects conduct up
to LOD 500 for BIM models as the FM requirement, it is very important and necessary to develop
strategies to identify the required LOD of the BIM model for the different facilities or equipment.
Based on the interviews with BIM experts in Taiwan, most agree that not all BIM models require up
to LOD 500 as the FM requirement. The major reason given is to balance the smaller file size and the
faster modeling work. Therefore, the study proposes the detailed required sheet of BIM model for
FM to understand the detailed required information of BIM model for every facility or equipment in
the pre-operation phase. The identified information of the proposed detailed required sheet of BIM
model includes the basic information (such as the equipment name and purchasing data), geometric
information (such as the length and width of the equipment), detailed equipment information (such as
equipment supplier information), and related supplementary information (such as user manual). The
detailed required sheets of BIM models are completed based on input from the meetings or discussion.
All BIM models for FM can then be revised and updated based on the approved detailed required
sheets of BIM models. Furthermore, the detailed required sheets of BIM models can be modified and
revised based on different purposes. With the assistance of the detailed required sheet of BIM model
for FM, the required LOD for BIM model for FM can be solved effectively.

3.7.2. The Confirmation of Information for BIM Model

In the study, there are five types of required information regarding each facility/equipment BIM
model. They are facility/equipment basic information, facility/equipment geometric information,
facility/equipment detailed information, facility/equipment supplementary information, and
facility/equipment related maintenance information. In order to understand and confirm the required
information for the element of BIM model, the study collects and proposes the detailed required sheet
of BIM model for FM for enhancing information entry accuracy integrated with BIM models based
on experts’ interviews (Table 2). Usually, effective data analysis is the key to success for facility and
maintenance management. During the operation, computerized maintenance management systems
(CMMS) are essential for gathering and analyzing the related information for FM manager and staff.
Increasingly, it is important and necessary to use the integrated BIM technology with the construction
operations building information exchange (COBie) to enhance the information communication of their
CMMS. Therefore, the integration of COBie with BIM for FM is an important step for information
integration for FM.
 required
to LOD
discussion.
Institute
The 500
detailedofsheets
asrequired
All the
BIM
Architects ofFM BIM models.
requirement.
models
(AIA)
sheets for ofFMFurthermore,
Contract
BIM The
can major
then
Documents
models beare theCommittee.
reason
revised detailed
given
completed and isrequired
to is
updated balance
While
based sheets
based
most
on the
of
input onFMof BIM
smaller
the models
file
approved
projects
from the size can the
and
detailed
conduct
meetings be
up
or
on
as experts’
equipment
(CMMS)
3.7.2.
of BIM The
information
maintenance
operations
model.
model are
model
They
includesinterviews
supplier
essential
Confirmation
(such for
management.
building
for are FM
as the(Table
for
forof
length
information
facility/equipment
theFM, element
basic 2).
information),
gathering
Information
enhancing
During
of BIM
information Usually,
and and
and
width
the
exchange
basic
model,
(such effective
related
analyzing
for BIM
information
of
operation,
the the
(COBie) Model
information,
as study
the data
supplementary
the
entry
equipment),
computerized
tomost
collects
equipment analysis
related
accuracy
enhance detailedthe
information
integratedkey
information
maintenance
the
facility/equipment
and name proposes
and to
for
equipment
information
the success
(such
FM
with
geometric
purchasingdetailed as
manager
BIM for
user
information
management
communicationfacility
models manual).
and and
staff.
based
(such
systems
information,
required
data), sheet
geometric of
of BIM
Based
modifiedIn
Buildings
faster
required
to LOD onthe
facility/equipment
model
2016,
modeling study,
the
and 6,
sheets
500 for 8for
interviews
revisedthere
related
work.
of
BIM BIM are
the
basedwithfive
on
Therefore,
modelsmodels. BIM
as types
maintenance
required of
LOD
experts
different
the required
information.
Furthermore,
the FM forin BIM
purposes.
study Taiwan,
proposes
requirement, theinformation
model In
With order
the
detailed
it for
isthe FM
agree
very regarding
to understand
canthat
assistance
detailed
required be
important each
solved
not
of
required
sheets all
the
and facility/equipment
and confirm
effectively.
BIM models
detailed
sheet
of BIM of
necessary the
require
required
BIM
models model
to can BIM
required up
sheet
8
developof 14
for
be
discussion.
maintenance
The
as detailed
Increasingly,
on experts’
equipment
(CMMS)
their CMMS. are
facility/equipment Allit BIM
management.
required
is
interviews
supplier
essential
Therefore,models
important
forsheets
(Table for
During
and of
2).
information),
detailedgathering
the FMBIM can
the
necessary
Usually,
and
and
integration
information, then
modelsto be
operation, use
effective
related
analyzing
of revised
are the
COBie completed
data
supplementary
the
facility/equipment and
computerized
integrated updated
analysis
related
with BIM based
BIMis the
information
for based
maintenance
onFMkey
information
supplementaryinput
technology on
to
for
is an the
from
withapproved
management
success
(such
FM the
as
managerfor
important user
information, detailed
systems
meetings
construction
facility
manual).
and
step andor
staff.
for
of
to
of BIM
information
Buildings
model.
LOD
BIM In model
2016,
They
500
the
model as(such
6,
for
study,8 for
arethe
the
for FM
as
FM
there
FM, for
the enhancing
length
facility/equipment
element of
requirement.
are
the five
requiredBIMand
types information
width
basic
model,
The
of
LOD the
major
required
for BIM the
information,
study
reasonentry
equipment),
collectsaccuracy
given
information
model for is
FM to integrated
detailed
facility/equipment
and proposes
balance
regarding
can be equipment
each
solvedthe
the with BIM
geometric
detailed
smaller models
information
required
file
facility/equipment
effectively. size and based
(such
7
information, of
sheet14
the
BIM
FM to understand
modified
strategies
required
(CMMS)
discussion. and
sheets
are All revised
tobuilding
identify
essential
BIMof the
BIM detailed
based
the
for
models models.on required
required
gathering
for different
FM information
Furthermore,
and
can purposes.
of the
analyzing
then be BIM
the the
revised ofrelated
With
model
detailedBIM
and model
theupdated
assistance
for the
required for
information every
of the
different
sheets
based for
on facility
detailed
facilities
of
FM BIM
the ormodels
manager
approvedequipment
required
or equipment.
and cansheetin
be
staff.
detailed
operations
maintenance
The detailed
Increasingly,
information
on
as experts’
equipment management.
required
it is
integration
interviews
supplier information
important
related sheets
for
(Table During
and
FM. of
maintenance
2).
information), exchange
BIM the
necessary
Usually,models
and to (COBie)
operation, use
information.
effective
related are the to order
computerized
completed enhance
integrated
In
data
supplementary analysis to BIMthe
based
is information
maintenance
on input
technology
understand
the key
information and
to fromcommunication
management
with
confirm
success
(such the
for systems
meetings
construction
the required
facility andof
or
3.7.2.
of
the
of BIM
faster
model.
Based
The
facility/equipment
model
modeling
TheyConfirmation
pre‐operation
BIM onmodel
the for
are
for
interviews FM
work.
detail
phase.
FM, for
the
ofThe
detailed Information
Therefore,
facility/equipment
with information,
enhancing the
identified
required
BIM LOD
for
study
basic BIM
information
Omniclass
experts information
forin BIM
Model
facility/equipment
proposes
information,
Taiwan, entry
coding
model of theaccuracy
the
most detailed supplementary
integrated
facility/equipment
for proposed
FM
agree can required
thatbe detailed
solved
not all with
sheet
geometricofas
BIM
required
effectively.
BIM models
user
information,
 models
BIM manual).
model based
information,
sheet of
require BIMfor
up
modified
Increasingly,
required
their
Institute CMMS.ofand
sheetsit revised
is
Architects BIM
Therefore, based
important
of models.
(AIA) the on
and different
necessary
Furthermore,
integration
Contract purposes.
toof use the
the
COBie With
integrated
detailed
with the assistance
BIM BIM
requiredfor FM of
technology
sheetsthe
is detailed
of
an with
BIM therequired
construction
models
important can
step sheetbe
for
(CMMS)
discussion.
operations
information
maintenance
The detailed are Allessential
building
for BIM
thethe
management.
required for
models
element
related gathering
information
sheets for
of FM
BIM
During
of
maintenanceBIM theDocuments
and
can
exchange
model, analyzing
then
modelsthe be
(COBie)
operation,
information. study
are Committee.
the
revised torelated
and
collects
computerized
completed
In enhance
order andtoWhile
information
updated the most
proposes
based based of
for
information
maintenance
on the
input on FMFM
theprojects
manager
approved
communication
detailed
management
from the conduct
requiredand
detailed up
staff.
7sheet
systems
meetings of
or
on
FM
of
experts’
3.7.2.to
facility/equipment
Buildings
model
to LOD
BIM In
operations
modified
information
2016,
includes
500
the
model
interviews
understand
The Confirmation
6,
as
study,
and
8the
for
building the
revised
integration FM (Table
detailed
detailed
basic
requirement.
information
there
FM, are
the
information
based
for five 2).
required
on
FM.
Usually,
required
ofinformation
Information
information,
types (such
The
of
LOD
exchange
different
effective
information
for BIM
major
Brand as
required
for /use
BIM
Model
reason data
Manufacturer
(COBie)
purposes. model
of
facility/equipment
the equipment
Withto
analysis
BIM
given
information for
enhance
the is
FM tounderstand
model
name is the
for
and
balance
regarding
can
the
assistance be
key
every
supplementary the
each
solved
information
of the
and
to confirm
success
facility
purchasing
smaller or
 for
file
facility/equipment
effectively.
the
size
communication
detailed required
required
facility
equipment
information,
data), geometric
and and
of in
14
the
BIM
sheetof
to LOD
Increasingly,
required
their
of BIM
(CMMS) CMMS.
discussion.
Buildings
information
maintenance 500
model
2016,are for
sheets
All
6, 8it
for is
for
essential
BIMBIM
Therefore,
the
management.FM models
important
of BIM for
for
models
element Table
the as
and
models. 2.
enhancing
gathering
for
of the
The
FM
BIM
During FM
necessary requirement,
Furthermore,
detailed
integration to
information
and
can
model,
the required
of
analyzing
thenthe be
operation, studythe
the
COBie entry
the
revised it
detailed
sheetwithis
integrated of very
BIM
BIM
accuracy
related
and
collects
computerized updated
and important
BIM
required
model
for technology
FM
integrated
information
proposes sheets
for
based
maintenance FM.and
is
for
theon of
an
with
FMnecessary
with
BIM
the BIM the
managermodels
important
approved
detailed
management to
models
required develop
construction
and can
step based be
for
staff.
detailed
8 of 14
sheet
systems
the pre‐operation
facility/equipment
3.7.2. The
information
faster modelingConfirmation
(such
8arework.phase.
related
as the ofThe identified
maintenance
Information
length
Therefore, andthewidth information
information.
for
study BIM
of the Model
proposes of
In
equipment), the
order
the proposed
to understand
detailed
detailed detailed
equipment
required and required
confirm sheet
the
information of BIM
required
(such
Buildings
model.
their
of BIM
modifiedIn
strategies
operations
information
on experts’
Increasingly,
required
Institute
2016,
They
the
CMMS.
model
of to
and
6,
study,
sheets for
identify
building
itrevised
integration
interviews
isthe
Architects
facility/equipment
there
Therefore,
FM, are
the
the
based
important
of BIM for
(Table
(AIA)
five
the
required
required
information on
FM.
and
models. 2).typesLOD basic
of
integration
exchange
different
Usually,
necessary
Furthermore,
Contract for
to
Documents
information,
required
ofBIM
Manufacturing
ofeffective
the COBie
(COBie)
purposes.use BIM information
model
the
the With
datatowith facility/equipment
for
company
model theFM
enhanceBIM
for
analysis
integrated
detailed
Committee.
regarding
can
the
BIM for
the
assistance
is
required
While be
the FM ofeach
solved
different istosheet
information
key
technology
mostsheetsthe
of
geometric
an
of
FM
ofBIM
facility/equipment
important
effectively.
facilities or
communication
detailed
success
with
BIM the
projects
model
information,
required
for step
equipment.
facility
construction
modelsconductcan
offor
7BIM
sheet
and
14
for
of
be
up
of
as
FM BIM
(CMMS)
model
information
equipmentmodel
Number:004
to are
includes
understand for for
essential
supplierFM
Date:
the for
for
basic
element enhancing
gathering
information
of BIM
information),
2015/11/05
detailed information
and
model,
required and analyzing
(such theas
related
information the
study entry
the
equipment
collects
supplementary
Staff
of accuracy
related
of
BIM and
Fill
modelout integrated
information
name and
proposes
information
the
for form:
every for
the with
purchasing FM BIM
manager
detailed
(such
Huang**
facility as
or models
data),
required
user and
equipment based
staff.
geometric
sheet
manual). in
3.7.2.
Buildings
model. The
facility/equipment
information
In 2016,
They
the Confirmation
6, 8are there
integration
study, of
detailed Information
facility/equipment
Table
for
are FM.
five2.information,
Theexperts
types for
basic
detailed
of BIM
required
required Model
facility/equipment
information, sheet
information supplementary
facility/equipment
of BIM model
regarding for FM. information,
geometric information, and
7BIM
of 14
Based
their
of
on BIM
maintenance
operations
modified
to LOD on
CMMS.
experts’
Increasingly,
information
Institute
of
The BIMdetailedof
the
model
and
500
model
interviews
Therefore,
for
interviews
it
(such
Architects
for
required
FM,
management.
building
for revised
isBIM
important
as
FM the
the
with
(Tablethe
information
based
modelslength
(AIA)
for andBIM
required integration
During
on
as
2).
Contract
enhancing
sheets of BIM
LOD
the
different
the FM
Usually,
necessary
and width forin
ofBIM
operation,
Location
exchange Taiwan,
requirement,
effective
to
Documentsof
information
models useCOBie
(COBie)
purposes. the
are
model
(area
the data most
with
computerized
/toit
With
equipment),
Committee.
entry
completed
for
floor)
is
integrated agree
enhance
the BIM
FM
very
analysis
accuracy canthat
for
the
assistance be
important
BIMis
detailed
While
based the FM
most
integrated
on ofeach
not
solved
maintenance
key
technology all
is
information
the
and facility/equipment
BIM
an
towith
equipment
of
input FM
models

important
effectively.
management
communication
detailed
necessary
success
with
from for
the
information
projects
BIM the
require
required
to step
systems
develop
facility
construction
conduct
models
meetings
up
for
sheet
and
(such
based of
up
or
the
3.7.2.pre‐operation
The
version:001
facility/equipment
model.
to LOD They
500 Confirmation
as are
the phase.
related
detailedThe
Table
of
facility/equipment
FMinformation
2.
requirement.
Table identified
The
maintenance
Information detailed
information,
2.integration
TheLOD information
basic
The
required
information.
for BIM
major
detailed Model of
sheet
In
facility/equipment
information,
reason
required sheet the
of
order
given of proposed
BIM to model
understanddetailed
for FM.
supplementary
facility/equipment
isregarding
BIM tothe
balance
model for the
FM. and required
confirm
smaller sheet
the
information,
geometric file of
information,
size and BIM
requiredand
the
information
(CMMS)
their
of BIM InCMMS.
strategies theare
model integration
study,
essential there
Therefore,
for FM, for
thefor
are FM.
five
gathering
the
required types of
and required
analyzing
for ofBIM COBieinformation
the
model related
with for BIM
FM information
canfor be FM each
solved for
is facility/equipment
anFM manager
important
effectively. and
step BIM
staff.
for
maintenance
operations
as
to
on equipment
LOD
Number:004
experts’
Institute
discussion.
model
information oftoArchitects
500
includesAllidentify
management.
building
for
for supplier
interviews
BIMBIM
the
the
models
Date: (AIA)
models
basic
element
related
required
During
information),
as
2015/11/05
(Table the
2).FM
Contract
for
information
of2.BIM
maintenance
Table
the
exchange
and
FM
can of
Documents
model,
Thethe then
(such the
the
operation,
(COBie)
related
requirement,
Price
Usually, effective
as
BIM
bestudy
information.
detailed required
model
computerized
Staff
datatoit
supplementary
Committee.
revised
the equipment enhance
is
of
and
collects
In
sheet order
of
for
very
Fill
analysis
and
BIM
the
While
updated
name
to
different
maintenance
important
outis the
the information
information
form:
most
and
proposes
understand
model
key
based
for
and
ofto
on facilities
FM
purchasing
the
FM. and
management
(such
Huang**
success
the 
as
necessary
projects
detailed
confirm
or
communication
user
for
approved
data),
equipment.
to systems
manual).
develop
facility
conduct
thegeometric
required and
detailed of
up
sheet
required
3.7.2.
faster
model. The
facility/equipment
modeling
Increasingly,
information
Based
(CMMS) In on They
the Confirmation
the
are it are
is work.
integration
study,
interviews
essential there for of
detailed
for
are Information
Therefore,
facility/equipment
important with and
FM.
five information,
BIM
gathering types of
experts
and for
study
System
basic
necessary BIM
to
required
in
analyzing Model
facility/equipment
proposes
class
information,
use the
Taiwan,information
the the
integrated
most
related detailed
agree supplementary
facility/equipment
BIM
regarding required
that
informationtechnology
noteach all
for sheet
Supply
BIM
FMwithinformation,
of
and
geometric BIM
the
facility/equipment
models
manager model
drainage
information,
construction
require
and and
BIMfor
up
staff.
their
The
strategiesCMMS.
detailed
maintenance
toNumber:004
LOD 500to for Therefore,
required
identify
management.
BIM the
models the
sheets
required integration
of
During
Date: BIMLOD
the
2015/11/05 models of
of ofthe
operation, COBie
are
BIM with
completed
model
computerized StaffBIM
forofbased
the for onFM
different
maintenance
Fill out the is
input
form: an important
from
facilities the
management
Huang**  or to step
meetings
equipment.
systems for
or
of
FM
Number:004
required
version:001
information
BIM
information
3.7.2.toThe
sheets
model
understand
facility/equipment
operations
version:001
(such
for for
Confirmation
building
ofFM
the Date:
asBIMthe
for
element
related
the length
of
detailed ofas
2015/11/05
models.
enhancing
2.BIM
the
and
maintenance
Table
detailed The
Information
information
FM
width
model, requirement,
Furthermore,
Purchase
information
detailed
required
information,
exchange the
information.
information
for BIM
the the
study
required Model
Staff it
detailed
equipment),
dateentrycollects
In
sheet
of
facility/equipment
(COBie)
is
of
order
BIM
tomost
very
Fill
accuracy
enhanceand
of BIMmodel
important
out
required the
todetailed
proposes
understand
model for
form:
integratedsheets
for
every
supplementary
the
and
equipment
the
FM.
information
with
and
necessary
Huang**
of BIM
detailed
confirm
facility or
models
information
BIM models
required
the
equipment
information,
communication
develop
can
(such
based
sheet
requiredand
be
in
of
model.
to LOD
Increasingly,
information
discussion.
Based
(CMMS) In
strategies
modified on They
500
Number:004
theare as it
study,
the are
the
is
integration
All BIM
interviews
essential
tointerviews
and 6,identify
8revised
facility/equipment
FM
important
there requirement.
models
Date:for
the for
are
basedwith and
FM.
for
2015/11/05
five BIM
gathering
required
on FM
types can
LOD basic
The
necessary
of
experts
and
different major
thento information,
required
in be
analyzing
of usereason
the
revised
Taiwan,
theclass
purposes. BIM given
integrated
Staff
information
the
With and
of
related
model facility/equipment
is
agree
thefor to
BIM
updated
Fill outbalance
the
regarding
that
information
the
assistance technology
based
form:
not the
each
different
of the on
all
for geometric
smaller
with
the
Huang** file
the
system
approved
facility/equipment
BIM
FM models
manager
facilities
detailed or information,
size and
construction
detailed
require
and
equipment.
required the
BIMup
staff.
sheet
as
of equipment
Buildings
on experts’
BIM
information
2016,
version:001
model for supplier
for
the FM information),
(Table
for
element 2).
enhancing
of BIM and
Usually, related
effective
information
Installation
System
model, the study supplementary
data
entry
datecollectsanalysis
accuracy
and information
is the
integrated
proposes key Supply
the (such
towith
success
BIM
and
detailed as
 user
for
models
drainage
required manual).
facility 8 and
of 14
based
sheet
the
their pre‐operation
CMMS.
facility/equipment
faster phase.
related
Therefore, detailedThe
the identified
maintenance
Table 2. The
integration
information, information
information.
detailed required
of(COBie)
COBie of
In
sheet
facility/equipment the
order
with of proposed
BIM
BIMtoto understand
model detailed
for
forrequired
FM
supplementary isand
FM. an required
confirm
important sheet
the
information, of
step BIM
required for
and
Inmodeling work. Therefore, the study proposes the detailed sheet of BIM model
operations
required
model. building
sheets
They isof information
BIM models. exchange
Furthermore, System
the classtomost
detailed enhance the
isrequired sheetsSupply
information of and
BIM drainage
communication
models system
can of
be
to
of
The LOD
Increasingly,
Based
BIM
maintenance
Buildings
on experts’
500
Number:004
onthe
model
version:001
detailed
2016, as
6,it
study,
the 8are
the
interviews
for
required facility/equipment
FM
important
Date:
there
FM,
management.
interviews
requirement.
the and
2015/11/05
are
withfive
required
sheets
(Table oftypes
BIM
During
2). BIM LOD
thebasic
The
necessary
of
experts ininformation,
major
to
required
Equipment
Usually, for
models BIM
operation, use
effective
reason
are the
Taiwan, Staff
name
model given
integrated
information
completed
computerized
data offacility/equipment
for Fill
agree
FM
analysis
BIM
outbalance
can
based
is the
regarding
thattechnology
be
theon form:
not the
each
solved
maintenance
key all
input geometric
smaller
BIM with
toHuang**
frommodels
Bottled‐water file
the
facility/equipment
effectively.
success the
managementfor
information,
size and
construction
require
cooler
meetings
systems
facility
the
8BIM
ofup
andor
14
of BIM
model
information model
includes
facility/equipment
FM
their to understand
CMMS. for for
the
integration FM for
basic
element
Basic
related
the
Therefore, forenhancing
information
of
FM. BIM
maintenance
Table
detailed
the 2. The information
(such
System
model,
integration theas
Responsible
information.
detailed
required the
class
study
required
information
of COBie
Equipmententry
equipment
collects
unit
In
sheet
of /accuracy
order
BIM
with
name of and
person
BIM name
to
model
BIM integrated
and
proposes
understand
model
forfor for
FMeveryFM.
is with
purchasing
Supply
the and BIM
and
detailed
system
confirm
facility
an or
important
Bottled-water models
data),
 drainage
required
the based
geometric
sheet
required
equipment
step
cooler in
for
modified
faster
operations
model.
to LOD
discussion. 500
Number:004
(CMMS)
version:001 and
modeling
They as
areAll revised
building
are
the
essentialwork.
FM
BIMDate: based
detailed
information
facility/equipment
detail on
Therefore,
requirement.
models
for different
information,
for2).FM
2015/11/05
gathering the
exchange
basic
The
can
and purposes.
study
Omniclass
major
then (COBie)
information,
analyzing reason
beclass
revised With
facility/equipment
proposescoding
Staff
the to the
given
andthe
related assistance
detailed
enhance is to
updated
of Fill the
facility/equipment
balance
outis the
information of
supplementary
required
based
form: the
information
the on
for detailed
sheet
smaller
the
Huang**
FM of  required
information,
BIM
communication
geometric file
approved
manager model
information,
size and sheet
and
detailed
and of
the
staff.
on Profile
maintenance
experts’
information
of BIM model management.
interviews
(such for as
FM the(Table
for lengthDuring
enhancing and theDeveloping
Usually,
widthoperation,
System effective
ofDeveloping
information the BIM
data
equipment),
entry model
computerizedanalysis
accuracy of maintenance
detailedthe
integratedkey Supply
to
equipment with management
and
success drainage
for
information
BIM systems
facility
models and
(such
the
of
FM
their
3.7.2.
fasterpre‐operation
information
BIM
toThe model
facility/equipment
understand
CMMS.
modeling for
Confirmationthe
integration
for FM,element
phase.
the
work. the
related The
for
detailed
information
Therefore, of
detailed theofidentified
FM.
requiredBIM
maintenance model,
LOD
required
integration
Information
Therefore, information,
the for
study the
information
Equipment
for of
BIMBIM
information. study
COBie name
model
Model collects
ofwith
In
facility/equipment
proposes the
BIM
BIM
the and
proposed
fordetailed
order
specifications FM toBIM
model
BIM
model proposes
can be
understand
of forfor detailed
FMsolved
every
supplementary
required the
is anddetailed
an
sheet system
required
Bottled‐water
confirm
facility 
effectively.
or
importantrequired
sheet
cooler
the
information,
of BIM ofbased
sheet
BIM
required
equipment
step
model in
for
and
required
Increasingly,
Number:004
(CMMS)
version:001
maintenance
as equipment sheets
are it is
essentialof
management.
supplier BIM
detail
important
for models.
information
Date: and
2015/11/05
gathering
During
information), Furthermore,
and
theOmniclass
necessary
Brand
and to
analyzing
operation,
related/use the
thethedetailed
coding
integrated
Manufacturer
Staff of
related
computerized
supplementary Fill required
out the
information sheets
technology
form:
maintenance
information for of BIM
with
Huang**
FM 
manager
management
(such as models
the user and can
construction be
staff.
systems
manual).
on
of experts’
BIM
model model
includesinterviews
forthe Basic
FM for
basic Table
(Table 2.
2).
enhancing
informationThe equipment
System
detailed
Usually, effective
information
(such as class
required
equipment
the sheet
data
entry
equipment of BIM
analysis
accuracy namemodel
is the for
integrated
and key FM.Supply
towith
purchasing and
system
success
BIM drainage
for facility
models
data), and
based
geometric
the
FM pre‐operation
information
Profile
facility/equipment
toInunderstand
Profile
modified
operations and for
integration
revised
building element
phase.
related
the The
for
Basic
detailed
based
information of
FM.
on BIM
information
maintenance model,
identified
required
different the
information
Equipment
information.
Developing
exchange purposes. study
(COBie) name
BIM collects
of
In
With
type to the
order
BIM
model
enhanceand
theproposed
to
model proposes
understand
thefor
ofBIM
assistance detailed
every the
ofeach
the
information anddetailed
required
Bottled‐water
confirm
facility
detailed 
or required
sheet
cooler
the
required
communication sheet
ofsheet
BIM
required
equipment in
of
Increasingly,
(CMMS)
The the
detailed
version:001
maintenance are it
study, is important
essential
required
management. information
there
Basic forare
sheets
Table
information
and
five
gathering
During
2. necessary
oftypes
BIM
The theBrand
of
and modelstorequired
required
analyzing
Manufacturing
operation,
System
detailed /useare
classthe integrated
Manufacturer
information
the related
completed
company
computerized
sheet of BIM regarding
information
based technology
on
maintenance
model for for
input
FM.Supply with
from 
the
facility/equipment
FM 
manager
the

management
and
system
construction
and
meetings
drainage BIM
staff.
systems or
on
modelexperts’
information
3.7.2.
of BIM The
information
the model
includes
pre‐operation
Number:004 interviews
(such
Confirmation
for for
the as
FM the
basic(Table
for
element
phase.
Date: length
of 2).
Information
enhancing
information
The of BIM Usually,
and
identified
2015/11/05 for
(such
model, effective
Appearance
width
Equipmentof
BIM
information
theas Appearance
informationthe
the
study data
equipment),
Model
name
entry
equipment
collects
of
Staff analysis
description(word)
description(word)
accuracy
the
of and name
proposed
Fill outis
detailedthe
integrated
and
proposes
the key
detailed
form: theto
equipment success
Bottled‐water
with
purchasing BIM
detailed
required
Huang** for
informationfacility
cooler
models
data),
required
sheet of and
(such
based
geometric
sheet
BIM
of BIM
their
Profile
operations
Buildings
model.
Increasingly,
discussion. model
CMMS.
2016,
They 6,it 8for
building
are
is FM,
Therefore, the required
the
information
facility/equipment
important
Basic and LOD
integration
exchange for
Equipment
basic
necessary of
Developing
equipment BIM COBie
(COBie)
information,
torequired
use model
theBIM to
functionswith for
model
enhance
integrated FM
BIM of canfor
the
facility/equipment
BIM be FMsolved is
information
technology aneffectively.
important

communication
ongeometric
with step
information,
theuser
construction8 offor
of
14
(CMMS)
maintenance
as Profile
on equipment
experts’
information areAll BIM
essential
management.
supplier
interviews
(such as
models
for
the Table
information
(Table
length
for
gathering
During
information),
2.
2).
FM
The
and
can
and
the then
System
detailed
Usually,
width
be
analyzing
Manufacturing
and operation,
related
Location
effective
Equipmentof
revised
(area
class
Appearance
the thesheet
data
and
related
/ company
computerized
supplementary
floor)
equipment),
name
updated
of BIM
analysis information
example(picture) model
is
detailedthe
based
maintenance
information
for
key for
FM.Supply
to
equipment
the
FM approved
and 
manager

management
(such as
system
success
Bottled‐water drainage
for
information
detailed
and
facility
cooler staff.
systems
manual).and
(such
of BIM
model
information
their In model
includes
the
Number:004
CMMS.
version:001 forthe
integration
study, FM
there
Date:
Therefore, for
basic for
are enhancing
information
FM.
five
2015/11/05
the types Appearance
information
(such
Developing
of
integration as
required the
of(COBie)
COBie example(picture)
entry
equipment
BIM
information
Staff accuracy
model
of Fill name
of integrated
regarding
out theand each
form: with
purchasing BIM models
data),
facility/equipment
is Huang** based
geometricBIM
facility/equipment
operations
required
Increasingly,
(CMMS)
The detailed are building
sheetsit isof
essential
required detailed
information
BIM
important
Basic
information
for models.
and
gathering
sheets information,
of equipment
exchange
Furthermore,
Appearance
necessary
BIM and to
Equipment
analyzing
models use
Size the
are thethe towith
facility/equipment
detailed enhance
description(word)
integrated
units
(Length, Width,
related
completed
BIMrequired
BIM
Height)for
information
based
FM
supplementary
the information
sheets
technology
on for
input
an
of
FM
important
with
from information,

communication
BIM  models
the
manager
the
step
can
construction
and
meetings
for
andof
be
staff.
or
maintenance
as Profile
equipment
3.7.2.
on The
experts’
information
model. They management.
(suchsupplier
Confirmation
interviews
are as the of
(Table
length
facility/equipmentDuring
information),
Information
2). and the
widthoperation,
Location
and
Price
Usually, forrelated
BIM
effective
Equipmentof
Developing
basic the(area
Model
information, computerized
/ floor)
supplementary
data
equipment),
name
BIM analysis
model of maintenance
information
is
detailedthe
facility/equipment key to
equipment (such
success
Bottled‐water
geometric 
management
as
system user
for
information
 systems
manual).
facility
cooler and
(such
information,
information
Number:004
facility/equipment
their CMMS.
version:001 integration detail
Date:
related
Therefore, for FM.
2015/11/05
maintenance
the onintegration Omniclass
Size
equipment
information.
of(COBie)
COBiecoding
(Length、Width、Height)
Staff
In of
order Fill to out the
understand form: Huang**
and confirm the required
modified
Buildings
operations
Increasingly,
discussion.
(CMMS)
The detailed
and
2016, 6,it8revised
arebuilding
All is
BIM
essential
required Basic based
information
important
models
information
for and
for
gathering
sheets
different
FM exchange
can
and
purposes.
System
Appearance
necessary thento
Equipment be
analyzing class
use the
revised
Material Withtowithenhance
description(word)
integrated
and
example(picture)
professional
the related
BIM
theupdated BIM fortechnology
assistance
the
information
FM of the
based is
information onan
Supply
for FM
important
detailed
with
the 
therequired
communication
and
approved
manager drainagestep
construction8 offor
sheet
detailed
and
14
of
staff.
maintenance
as equipment
facility/equipment
Profile management.
supplier Table
detailed 2.of
During
information), BIM
The the models
and operation,
detailed
Price
information, related
Equipment
Purchase
Developing
are
required completed
computerized
supplementary
sheet
facility/equipment
datename
BIM of BIM
model
based
of model on forinput
maintenance
information
supplementary FM. from the
management
(such as
 meetings
user
information,
Bottled‐water systems
manual).
cooler andor
information
of BIM
their In
Buildings
operations
required the
model
CMMS.
version:001
2016, for
study, forthe
integration
6,it8Therefore,
building
sheets of element
information
there
FM, for
are
the the
information
BIM of
FM.
five
required
models. BIM
typesmodel,
of
LOD the
equipment
Brand
required
Material
for
Appearance
integration
exchange
System
Furthermore, /
BIM study
Manufacturer
of(COBie)
COBie
class
the collects
information
model for
description(word)
towith
detailed enhanceand
FM
BIM proposes
regarding
can
the
required be each
solved
fortechnology
FM the
is
information
sheets detailed
an
Supply 
effectively.
of importantrequired
facility/equipment
communication
BIMand
system drainage
models step
cansheet
BIM
8 offor
14
of
be
Increasingly,
discussion.
(CMMS)
The detailed are
facility/equipment All is
BIM
essential
required important
Basic
models
information
for
Geometric
related sheets and
for
gathering necessary
2.ofFM
maintenance
Geometric
Table BIM can
and then
modelsto
Appearance
Size
information
information
The be
analyzing use
information.
detailed are
required the
revised
Elevation integrated
(Length、Width、Height)
the and
example(picture)
Inrelated
completed
sheet order
of BIM BIM
updated
information
tobased based
on
understand
model forinput on
for
FM. and FMwith
the
from 
the
approved
manager
confirmthe construction
the detailed
and
meetings staff.
required or
of BIM
model.
Profile
information model
They
Number:004
Model
their CMMS. for
are
integration FM
Date:
Therefore, forforenhancing
facility/equipment
detail FM.
2015/11/05
the Purchase
information
basic
Omniclass
Developing
equipment
Appearance
Manufacturing
Elevation
integration of date
information,
Installation COBie entry
coding
BIM
date
Staff accuracy
model
of
company
with Fill
description(word) BIM out integrated
facility/equipment
of the
for form:
FM is with
Huang**
an BIM
geometric 


important models step based
information, for
modified
operations
required
Increasingly,
discussion. and
sheets
All revised
building
it is BIMof BIM based
information
important
models
informationmodels.on
and
for different
exchange
necessary
FM can purposes.
System
Furthermore,
thento
Equipment (COBie)
be class
use the
the
revised
Special With
name to and
detailed
integrated
detail the
example(picture)
enhance assistance
BIM
updated
of model of
thetechnology
required based the
information
sheets onofdetailed
Supply BIM
the system
with  required
communication
and drainage
models
the
approved
Bottled‐water can
constructionsheet
detailed
cooler of
be
information
3.7.2.
on The
experts’
facility/equipment for
Confirmation
interviewsthe element
information
Table of2.
ofrequired
(Table
detailed
detail
BIM
The
Information
2). Size
model,
Material
Warranty
detailed
Usually,
information, for (Length、Width、Height)
the
BIM
effective
Omniclass
study
required Model collects
sheet
data
facility/equipment
coding
and
of BIM
analysis proposes
model
is the for
key
supplementary the
FM. to detailed
success  required
for
information,facility sheet
and
information
of BIM
their
modified model
Number:004
version:001
CMMS.
parameters
Buildings and
2016, integration
6, 8for information
Basic
FM,
Date:
Therefore,
revised thefor
based
Geometric FM.
2015/11/05
the on LODInstallation
equipment
Brand
Responsible
integration
different for
Appearance
Location
Special of /
BIM
purposes.(word
COBie
(area
detail date
Manufacturer
unit
model
/Staff
Size (Length、Width、Height)With
/ /
with
floor)
oftomodel person
for
of
the
example(picture) FM
Fill
description(word)
picture) BIM can
out the
for
assistance be FMsolved
form:
of is
the an
detailed 
effectively.
Huang** 
importantrequired step for
sheet
8 of 14
operations
required
of BIM model
Profile
maintenance building
sheets forofFM
management. information
BIM for models.
enhancing
During exchange
Furthermore,
Equipment
information
theDeveloping (COBie)
operation, the namedetailed
entry
BIM enhance
accuracy
model
computerized the
required information
integrated
ofunderstand sheets
maintenance communication
ofmanagement
BIM
system
Bottled‐water
with BIM modelscooler
models can
based
systems of
be
facility/equipment
Model
In the study, related
information
there are maintenance
Table
five types
Material
2. The detailed information.
Elevation
Assembly
Brand
of required
required / process
ManufacturerInnumber
sheet
information order
of BIM to model
regarding for FM.
each and confirm


facility/equipment the required
BIM
information
of BIM model
Number:004
version:001
their CMMS. integration
for Basic
FM,
Date:
Therefore, thefor FM.
required
2015/11/05
the LODResponsible
for
Appearance BIM
Manufacturing
Equipment
integration of Equipment
COBie unit
model
Staff /analysis
specifications
with person
for
of FM
Fill
description(word)
company BIM can
out the
isfor beFM solved
form: istoHuang**
an for
effectively.

modified
on experts’
(CMMS)
Profile
information
3.7.2.
Model The
and
are revised
interviews
essential
for
Confirmation
based
Geometric
information
(Table
for on2).
ofgathering
thefacility/equipment
element of2.
different
BIM
Information
Table and
Themodel,
Size
(word
Price
Usually, purposes.
System effective
Material
Equipment
analyzing
Developing
the
equipment
for
detailed BIM
Elevation
picture)
study
required Model
With
data
name
the
BIM
the
example(picture)
(Length、Width、Height)
/ class related
model
collects
sheet of
assistance
and
BIM
the
information
ofmodel
proposes
of the
key
for FM. for
the FMimportant
detailed
Supply and
success
Bottled‐water 
manager
detailed 
required
drainage
required
stepsheet
facility
cooler
and for
and
staff.
sheet
parameters
model.
information
of BIM They
modelit are
integration
for detail
Geometric
Basic
FM, for
information FM.
the2015/11/05
required LODSpecial
Operating
basic
Omniclass
for BIM
Manufacturing detailmanual
information,modelof
coding model facility/equipment
forFill
FMout can be solved geometric 


effectively. information,
Number:004
version:001
maintenance
Increasingly, management. Date:
information
is important During
and theAppearance
operation,
Location
Equipment
Size
System
Material
necessary
Omniclass
use (areatype / company
Staff
to(Length、Width、Height)
classthe
coding
specificationsof
example(picture)
computerized
floor)
integrated the form:
maintenance Huang**
Supply and 
management
system
 drainage systems
of BIM
Model
Profile
3.7.2. Themodel
facility/equipment
parameters
for
Confirmation Equipment
Supplementary
FM forofenhancing
detailed Information
Table Equipment
Purchase
information
Elevation
Developing
equipment
Appearance
2.information,
The detailedfor
Special BIM
required datenumber
entry
Model
detail BIMsheet
facility/equipment
of
accuracy
model
description(word)
modelof BIM ofBIM
model
technology
integrated FM.with
foreach
supplementary
with
BIM themodels
 construction
information, based
and
(CMMS) In the
Number:004
version:001 arestudy,
essential Geometric
there
Date: are
information
for five
gathering
2015/11/05 types and(word
2D
Brand
of CAD
required/
analyzing
Location picture)
Manufacturer
Brand information
(area the
/Staff related
of
Manufacturer
type / floor) Fill regarding
information
out the form: for FM
Huang** 

facility/equipment
manager
 and BIM
staff.
operations
on experts’
Model
parameters building
interviews information
(Table
information 2). exchange
Size
System
Price
Usually,
Equipment
Material
Elevation (COBie)
(Length、Width、Height)
effective
Installation
Special class
detail datato
functions
name
date
of enhance
analysis
model the
is the information
key Supply
to and
success 
communication

system
Bottled‐water  drainage
for facility
cooler andof
facility/equipment
3.7.2.
model.
Model The TheyConfirmation
parameters are related of maintenance
Information
Table
facility/equipment
Geometric 2. types
The equipment
information.
Appearance
for
detailed
basic
(word BIM
required Model
information,
/ picture) In order
description(word)
sheet of
example(picture) BIM to understand
model
facility/equipment foreach
FM. and confirm
geometric  the required
information,
Increasingly,
their In the
Number:004
CMMS.
version:001
maintenance
Buildings 2016, 6,it
study, is important
information
there
Basic
Equipment
Date:
Therefore, are the
management. During theSystem
8 and
five
2015/11/05 necessary
of
integration to
required
Equipment
Manufacturing
of
operation,
Price
Equipment
use the
Manufacturing
COBie
class integrated
information
number
performance
Staff company
with of Fill
company
BIM
computerized maintenance
functions
BIM
regarding
table
out the
for technology
form:
FM is with
Huang**
an
Supply 
the

facility/equipment
important
management
and 
construction
drainagestep BIM
systems
8 offor
14
Model
information
Profile
parameters
External for the element of BIM Material
Purchase
Elevation
model,
Developing
Special
Responsible
(word
Appearance date
detail units
name
the/facility/equipment
study
picture)BIM collects
of
unit model
model
/ and
person
description(word) of proposes Bottled‐water
the detailed required
system
 cooler sheet
facility/equipment
operations
model. In theThey building
study, are detailed
information
facility/equipment
Geometric
there are five information,
FM.types exchange
Size
basic
of (COBie) example(picture)
(Length、Width、Height)
information,
required to
information enhance supplementary
the
facility/equipment information information,
geometric 
communication
information,
 drainage andof
information
(CMMS)
Number:004
version:001 are integration
essential Basic
Equipment
Date:for for
information gathering
for2015/11/05
andEquipment
analyzing
Manufacturer
Location
System Location
(area
class number
the(area
Staff related Fillregarding
/ floor)
of
information
/ floor) information
outintegrated
the form: each for facility/equipment
FM system
Huang**
Supply manager
and  models
BIM
and staff.
of BIM
Model
Profile
links
their
model for FM
parameters
facility/equipment
CMMS. related
Equipment
Therefore, detailed
enhancing
maintenance
the
Purchase
information
Equipment
Elevation
Installation
Developing
Special
equipment
integration
information, information.
(word
Equipmentof /use date
detail entry
units
name
picture)
COBie date
professional
BIMof
Inwith
facility/equipment
accuracy
model
model
order
specifications
number BIMtoofunderstand
for FM
supplementary is
withconfirm
and
an
BIM
Bottled‐water 

important cooler
the
information,
based
required
step for
and
model.
Increasingly, They it are
is facility/equipment
detail
important and
Basic(Table 2). Usually,
information Appearance
Size
basic
Omniclass
necessary to
Material information,
Price the example(picture)
(Length、Width、Height)
coding
integrated facility/equipment
BIM technology geometric
with 

the information,
construction
onversion:001
experts’ interviews
for theEquipment
element
Geometric of2.BIM Maintenance
Price
System effective
Equipment
Installation
model, the class
study manual
data
name
datecollects
professional analysis
and is the keythe
proposes to detailed
Supplysuccess
and
Bottled‐water 
for
system
 facility
drainage
cooler
required and
sheet
Profile
parameters
information
information
facility/equipment
operations integration
building related for
Table FM.
maintenance
Equipment
detailed
information The Developing
Special
Responsible
information
equipment
information.
(word
Appearance
detailed
detail Equipment
information,
exchange / detail
picture)
required BIMof
unit
In model
model
/ person
order
description(word)
sheet
number
facility/equipment
(COBie) type of BIM
to enhance the toof understand
model for
supplementary FM.
information and confirm the
information,

communication requiredandof
Model
maintenance management. information
Basic During theSize
Brand
Material
Elevation(Length、Width、Height)
operation,/Purchase
Manufacturerdate
computerized maintenance 
management systems
of BIM model
information
Profile forfor theFM information
for
element
Geometric
information enhancing
of BIM System
Purchase
information
Equipment
model, the
Developing
Responsible
information
equipment class
date
study resume
entry
name
BIM collects
unit accuracy
model
/ and
person integrated
proposes
ofunderstand Supply
the with and
BIM
Bottled‐water
detailed 
system
 drainage
models
cooler
required based
sheet
facility/equipment
their CMMS. related
Therefore,
Equipment maintenance
the integration information.
(word
Warranty
Equipmentof
Appearance
Equipment / picture)
COBie In
number order
specifications
description(word)
with
example(picture)
functions BIMto for FM is and
an confirm
important
 the required
step for
(CMMS)
on Model
Number:004
parameters
experts’ areinterviews
essential Basic for
information
Date: gathering
2015/11/05
(Table
Table 2). andMaterial
analyzing
Manufacturing
Elevation
Special
Usually, the
Installation
detail
effective data related
ofcompany
Staff dateofofFill
model
analysis information
out the form:
isintegrated
thefor key for FM system
toHuang**
success 

managerfor and staff.
facility and
of BIM
information
Profile model for for
theFM
integration for
element
Geometric
information
Equipment for of2.
enhancing
FM.
The
BIM detailed
information
History
Equipment
model, the
Developing
equipment
Warranty
Appearance
Equipment
Assembly
required
Installation study BIMsheet
entry
maintenance
name
datecollects
model
specifications
description(word)
number
type
process
example(picture)
BIM
accuracy
records
and of model
proposes FM.
the with BIM
Bottled‐water
detailed 


models
coolerbased
required sheet
Increasingly,
Model it is important
Maintenance
Basic
information and Size
necessary to
Equipment
Elevation(Length、Width、Height)
use the integrated
units
Responsible unit / BIM
person technology with 
the
 construction
of version:001
on parameters
maintenance
experts’
BIM
Profile model
Number:004
management.
interviews
for FM (Table
for
information
Date:
During
enhancing
2015/11/05
the
2). Usually, operation,
Location
Special
(word effective
information
Equipment
Checklist
Developing
Responsible
equipment
Appearance
(area
/ detail
picture)computerized
of/ floor)
data
entry
name
BIM
unit
Staff
model
analysis
/accuracy
model
of Fill of
person
description(word)
maintenance
is the key Bottled‐water
integrated
outthetheinformation
towith
form: Huang**
management
success
BIM for
 models systems
facility
cooler and
based
operations
(CMMS) are building
essential information
Basic for
records
information gathering andEquipment
Assembly
exchange
Size
Operating
Material (COBie)
analyzing
Equipment Equipmenttype
process
example(picture)
(Length、Width、Height)
the tospecifications
functions
manual enhance
related
professional information for FM 

communication

manager and of
staff.
parameters
maintenance
onProfile
experts’ interviewsmanagement. (Table
Equipment Table
Supplementary During
2).The
2. the(word
Usually, operation,
Special
Price
System
detailed / detail
effective
Equipment picture)
class
required computerized
of model
data
sheet
number analysis
of BIM model maintenance
is thefor key FM.Supply management
to success and fordrainage systems
facility and
their CMMS.it Therefore,
version:001 Geometric the Developing
equipment
Record
Equipment
integration of
Appearance book
COBie BIM
of model
maintenance
specifications
with BIM
description(word) of fortechnology
FM is anwith 
important
 step for
Increasingly,
(CMMS)
Model are essential is important and
for gathering
information andEquipment
Operating
Size
necessary
2D to
CAD
Material
analyzing
Elevation use the example(picture)
functions
manual
(Length、Width、Height)
integrated
units
the BIM
related information for FM 
the construction

manager
 and staff.
maintenance
information
management.
integration Equipment
Supplementary
Geometric for
During
FM.
information
the(word
Equipment
Purchase /Equipment
operation, picture)
datenumber type
computerized maintenance management

system systems
Number:004
operations building information
Date: 2015/11/05
information equipment
staff
Appearance
Equipment
exchange (COBie) Staff of Fill
description(word)
type to enhance
example(picture) outthethe form:
information Huang** 

communication of
Increasingly,
(CMMS)
Model
parameters it
are essentialis important and
for gathering and System
Size
necessary
2D to
Equipment
CAD
Material
analyzing
Elevation
Special class
(Length、Width、Height)
use the
Equipment
detail integrated
units
the related BIM
model information
professional
performance
of functions table technology Supply withand
for FM manager 
the
 drainage
construction
 cooler and staff.
Equipment
information
Geometric Warranty
Equipment
Installation number
name
date Bottled‐water 
External
their CMMS.
version:001
operations Therefore, the integration of
Appearance COBie with
description(word) BIM for FM is an 
important

 step for
Model building
Increasingly,
parameters it is important information
Basic Table and
2. The
exchange
Equipment
Size
necessary
Material
Equipment
Elevation
information
(COBie)
to(Length、Width、Height)
Manufacturer
Special
(word
detailed
Assembly /use the
Equipment
detail
tounits
professional
performance
picture)
required
enhance
example(picture)
functions
integrated of BIMBIM
information
of
sheet
process model
thetechnology
table
model
information
for FM. with
communication
the construction
system



of
4. Cast
Profile
information
External
their
links
operations Study
CMMS. and
integration
building Discussion
Geometric
Therefore, forthe
information
information FM.integration Developing
Responsible
exchange of COBie
(COBie) BIM
unit to model
/
with person
enhanceBIM of for
the FM is
information an 
important

communication step for
Appearance
System
Size
Material
Equipment classnameexample(picture)
(Length、Width、Height)
units Supply and
Bottled‐water 
 drainage of
Model
parameters information
Equipment
Geometric
Elevation
information
Manufacturer
Special
Warranty
(word
Maintenance
Equipment
Operating /Equipment
detail
picture) manual
number
manual
professional
information
of model  cooler

information
theirNumber:004
links CMMS.
information
The integration
proposed Basic
Therefore, for
information
Date: FM.
BIM 2015/11/05
the integration
execution planequipment
Equipment
was of COBie
information
applied Staff
specifications
with
to of Fill
a new BIM out the FM
for
building form: Huang**
inisTaiwan
an important
as
 an initialstepcase for
Model
Profile
parameters Supplementary Size
Material
Equipment
Elevation(Length、Width、Height)
Developing
Special professional
BIM model ofmodel for FM. system

Equipment Table 2. The detailed Warranty
(word
Maintenance
Assembly
Equipment
2D CAD / detail
required
picture) of model
sheet
manual
process
number
resume of BIM 


information
study. integration Geometric for
information
This study developed a BIMAppearance
version:001
information FM. execution type
Equipment Warranty plan for BIM‐FM implementation based on the
description(word) 
Model
parameters information
Table 2. The detailed Equipment
Material
Elevation
information
equipment
Special / detail nameof model Bottled‐water 

 cooler
The general (word
Equipment Assembly
Equipment
Operating
History required
picture) sheet
process
number
resume
manual
maintenance of BIM
records model for FM.
requirements
Number:004 for FM use.2015/11/05
Geometric
Basic
Date:
information contractor
Equipment
Appearance
System
Equipment Assembly
class delivered
Staff
performance
process
example(picture)
functions the
of Fill final
out
tabletheas‐built
form:Supply BIM
Huang**model
and 

 to the owner
drainage
Profile
Model
parameters
External Supplementary
Maintenance
Table 2. TheSenior Developing
Elevation
Special
Warranty
detailed
(word
Appearance detail
required
/Operating
picture)BIMsheet model
of model ofthe
description(word)BIM of model made for FM. decision 

during
Number:004
version:001
Equipment
the project information closeout
Date: phase.
2015/11/05 Equipment
Operating
History
2D management
CAD
Checklist number
manual
maintenance
Staff of
manual owner
records
of Fill out the form: aHuang** 
 to collaborate

Supplementary
Maintenance
information Manufacturer
Size
Equipment unitsinformation
(Length、Width、Height) 

system
parameters
links
with the involved participants recordsSupplementary
Equipment equipment
Special
to pilot(word
Assembly
testCAD
Equipmentthe
Appearance detail
/2Dpicture) of
process
proposed
number modelBIM
example(picture) execution for the 
planHuang** 
building project
Number:004
version:001 Date: 2015/11/05 2D
Checklist
Equipment
Record book
CAD performance
Staff
of of Fill
maintenance table
out the form: 


 drainage
information System
Maintenance
Equipment classname manual Supply and
Bottled‐water 
to External
gain feedback,
information information
records
including
Equipment possible Material
problems
Appearance
(word
Equipment
Operating
Size / and professional
picture) results.
description(word)
number
manual
(Length、Width、Height) Participants included 

the
 FMcooler
manager,
version:001 Geometric
Basic Equipment
Record
staff
Manufacturer
System book
Equipment
class performance
of maintenance
performance
information table
table Supply and 


system drainage
FMProfile
staff,
Model
External
links and the Supplementary
BIM engineer Equipment
affiliated with
Developing
Elevation
informationnumber theresume
BIMowner. model of The BIM execution plan 
 was developed
External links Equipment
information Appearance
Equipment
2D CAD
Material example(picture)
Manufacturer information 


after the owner’s BIM‐FM goals were staff
Manufacturer
Maintenance
System
established. class information
manual
During the process, the Supply
proposed and 
system
 drainage
parameters
linksStudy and Basic
information
information information
Geometric Equipment
History
equipment
Special
Warranty
Size
name
maintenance
detail of model
(Length、Width、Height)
records Bottled‐water BIMcooler

execution
4. Cast
Model
plan was enforced, Discussion
Maintenance
revised, and Equipment
Elevation
Maintenance
updated based performance
Maintenance manual
on manual
feedback tablegained from 



numerous BIM‐FM
Equipment resume
name system
Bottled‐water
4.
Profile
External
information
Cast Study and
information
Discussion
Basic
Developing
Checklist
Appearance
(word
Assembly
Material /Equipment
picture)BIM
process model of
description(word)  cooler


meetings
parameters with the owner.
The proposed information
records The exactplan
BIM execution Manufacturer
detailswasand
Special detail
applied of resume
information
characteristics
tomodel
a new of the projectTaiwan will notas beandiscussed in
Profile
links Geometric
Equipment
Equipment
History
Developing
equipment
Record
Appearance
Equipment book resume
name
maintenance
BIM
of model
maintenance
example(picture)
number ofbuilding in Bottled‐water
records 
initial case
cooler
this paper
Model
study. This due studyto Basic
Maintenance
confidentiality
information
developed areasons.
BIM Operating
Figure
Elevation
execution 4
Historymanual
illustrates
maintenance
plan for updated
records
BIM‐FM as‐built
implementationBIM model
 for
based FMon from
the
The proposedSupplementary
Profile BIM execution plan Maintenance
(wordwas /applied
History
Developing
Checklist picture) manual
maintenance
BIM tomodel
a new ofbuilding in Taiwan as
records  an initial case
information
as‐built BIM studymodel information
inuse.
the casegeneral
study.
equipment
Appearance
staff
Size
The
2D as‐built
CAD description(word)
(Length、Width、Height)
model element lacked bottled water

 based
cooler based
requirements
study. This
parameters for FM Maintenance
information
records
developed The
Maintenance a BIM contractor
execution
Special
records detail delivered
Checklist plan
of
resume for
model the
BIM‐FMfinal as‐built BIM
implementation model 
 to the on
owner the
Equipment
information Equipment
Checklist
equipment
Record
Appearance book number
of maintenance
description(word) 

on the requirements
during
requirementsthe project for FM of
use.
records the
closeout contract
The phase.
general (left);
Senior therefore,
management
Material
contractor
Equipment example(picture)
the
delivered element
of
performance table the
the as‐built
owner
final mademodel
as‐built aBIM needed
decision
model 
 totobe updated
collaborate
the owner
(word
History
Record
/ picture) book
maintenance
of maintenance
recordsFM data table of the 

4. Cast
External
(right).
with the Study
Figure
involved and
5 shows Geometric
Discussion
the updated
participants to pilot Record
as‐built
Appearance
staff
test
Size BIM
the book
staff model
proposed of maintenance
and
description(word)
example(picture)
(Length、Width、Height) BIM related
execution plan for the 
 bottledproject
building water
during
Model the project closeout
Maintenance phase. Senior management
Elevation
Manufacturer of
information the owner made a decision  to collaborate

cooler used in the Equipment
case study.
information Figure 6Equipment
Checklist
shows the number
use of the detailed required sheet of
 BIM model for
to links
gain
with thefeedback,
The proposedincluding
involved participants
BIM execution possible
to pilot
planproblems
staff
test the
Appearance
Size was
Material andexample(picture)
proposed
applied results.
(Length、Width、Height) to aBIM new Participants
execution
building plan included
in for thethe
Taiwan  FMinitial
building
as
 an manager,
project
case
parameters records Special
Maintenance detail of
manual model 
FM used
4.study.
toCast
4. Cast
staff,
gain in
Study
Study
andthe
feedback,
This
information and
study case
and
the study.
Discussion
Geometric
Discussion
BIM
including Finally,
engineer
developed Figure
a affiliated
possibleBIM Record 7with
problems shows
execution book the
theplan
and owner.
of useforofThe
maintenance
results. the BIM
new BIM
Participants
BIM‐FM executionmodels
included
implementation inspection
plan 
the was process
FMdeveloped
based manager,
on the
Model Size
Material
Elevation(Length、Width、Height) 


in
4.
FM the
after
Cast case
the
staff,
requirementsStudy study.
owner’s
and and
the
for BIM‐FM
FM Discussion
Geometric
BIM use. goals
engineer
information The were (word
Equipment
affiliated
general with
contractor
/
established. picture)
theresume
During
owner.
delivered the
The
the process,
BIM
final the
execution
as‐built proposed
BIM plan
model  BIM
was to execution
developed
the owner
The
Theproposed
proposed BIM BIM execution
execution planplanstaff
was applied
was applied to a to new building
a new in Taiwan
building in Taiwanas an initial
as an case study.
initial case
Model
parameters
plan was enforced, revised,
Equipment and Material
Elevation
Special
updated
Equipment detail
based of
on
number model
feedback gained from 

numerous BIM‐FM
after
during
This the
study
study. owner’s
thedeveloped
This project
study BIM‐FM
closeout
Geometric
information
a BIM
developed goals
phase. were
execution
a BIM established.
History
Senior
plan for
execution BIM-FM During
maintenance
management plan of thethe process,
records
implementation
for BIM‐FM the
owner implementation
made based proposed
a decision
on the  BIM execution
to collaborate
requirements
based on the
The proposedMaintenance
Model BIM execution plan was applied to a new building in Taiwan as
Elevation  an initial case
parameters
meetings
plan
with was
the with
enforced,
involved the owner.
revised,
participants The exact
and
to Special
details
(word
updated
pilot test and
the/ detail
based
proposed of
on model
characteristics
picture) feedback
BIM of the project
gained
execution planfrom will
for not
numerous
the be discussed
building BIM‐FM
project in
4. Cast Study
for FM use.
requirements
study. The
This study andFM
for Discussion
general contractor
use. The general
information
developed delivered
a BIMChecklist
contractor the
executiondelivered final as-built
plan for the BIM‐FMBIM model
final as‐built to the owner
BIM model
implementation  during
to the on
 based the
owner the
this paper
to parameters
meetings due to
with the records
confidentiality
owner. The reasons.
exact detailsFigure
and 4characteristics
illustrates updated
ofathe as‐built
project BIM
will model
not beto forwith
FM from
discussed
gain
project
during
requirements feedback,
closeout
the project
for FMincluding
Equipment
phase. Senior
closeout
use. The possible
management
phase.
general
Special
problems
(word
Equipment
Senior / detail
of
management
contractor
Record book
and
picture)
the of
number
owner
delivered
of
model
results.of made
the
the
maintenance
Participants
owner
final decision
made
as‐built included
to
aBIM the
collaborate
decision
model  an
FM manager,
tocollaborate
the thein
owner
TheBIM
as‐built proposed
model BIM
in theexecution
case plan
study. The was applied
as‐built model to a element
new building
lacked inbottled
Taiwan as
water initial
cooler case
based
this
with paper
FM staff,
during thethe due
and
involved
project
to confidentiality
the BIM Equipmentengineer
participants
closeout phase.
reasons.
toaffiliated
pilot (wordFigure
with
Equipment
Senior
4the
/ picture)
testmanagement
the illustrates
owner.
number
proposed ofBIM updated
The
the execution
owner
as‐built
BIM execution
made plana forBIM model
plan
the 
decision  was for
building
to
FM
developedfrom
project
collaborate
study.
on thethe
as‐built This
requirements
BIM study
model developed
of the
in the case
contracta BIM
study. execution
staff
(left);
The therefore,
as‐built plan forelement
the element
model BIM‐FM as‐built
lackedimplementation
model
bottled needed
water based
to on
beexecution
coolerupdated the
based
after
to gain
with owner’s
thefeedback,
involved BIM‐FM
including
participants goals towere
possible established.
pilotproblems
test the proposedand During
results. BIM the process,
Participants
execution the proposed
included
plan for the the
 BIM
FM
building manager,
project
requirements for FMEquipment
use. The general Equipment
contractor number
delivered the final as‐built BIM model to the owner
(right).
on the Figure
requirements 5 shows of the
the updated
contract as‐built
(left); BIM
therefore, model on and related FM data table of theto bottled water
plan
FM
to Cast
gain
during
was
staff, enforced,
and
feedback,
the projectthe including
BIM revised,
engineer
closeout
and
possible
phase.
updated
affiliated
problems
Senior with based
management the the
and owner. element
results.
feedback
of The
the
as‐built
BIMgained
Participants
owner
model
execution
made
from
included
a
needed
numerous
plan
decisionthewasto
be updated
BIM‐FM
developed
FMcollaborate
manager,
4.
cooler
(right). Study
used in and
the Discussion
case study. Figure 6 shows the use of the detailed required sheet of BIM model for
meetings
after theFigure
FM staff,
with the
with 5the
owner’s
and the BIM‐FM
involved
showsowner.
BIM
the The
updated
goals
engineer
participants
exact
to wereas‐built
details
affiliated
pilot test
BIM
with
the
model and the
and characteristics
established. theDuring
proposed owner. BIM
related
The
of the FMproject
process, data
BIM execution
execution the
plan
table
will of
proposed
for
notthe
plan
the
be bottled
BIM
was
discussed
building
water
execution
developed
project
in
FM
this used
cooler
paperused in the
duein case
the
to study.
case study.
confidentiality Finally,
Figure Figure
6
reasons. shows7 shows
Figure the 4 usethe of use
illustrates the of the
detailed
updated new BIM
required
as‐built modelssheet
BIM inspection
of
model BIM for process
model
FM fromfor
after The
plan the proposed
wasowner’s
enforced, BIM
BIM‐FM execution
revised, goals and plan
wereupdated was applied
established. basedDuring on to feedback
a new building
the process, gained infrom
the Taiwan
proposed as BIM
numerous an initial
BIM‐FM
executioncase
Buildings
The2016, 6, 8
following recommendations are based on feedback from the case study: (1) successful9 BIM of 14
implementation adoption should be supported by top management of the owner; (2) processes and
The must
strategy following recommendations
be developed are based
to encourage on feedback
maturation of thefromBIMthe case study:
execution plan(1)during
successful BIM
the early
implementation
stages of the operation adoption should
phase; (3) be supported
further effort by top management
is required to train FMof the owner;
staff using(2)BIM processes
software andto
strategy
handle 2016,
Buildings
must
revised be developed to encourage maturation of the BIM execution
6, 8 and updated BIM as‐built models; (4) further effort and additional approaches
plan during the early
9 ofare
14
stages
required of the operation reluctance
to overcome phase; (3) further
to adopteffortBIMistechnology
required tofor train
FMFM staff the
during using BIMstages
early software
of theto
handle revised and updated BIM as‐built models; (4) further effort and
operation phase; (5) senior FM staff should be trained to use the as‐built models, as many could not additional approaches are
involved
required participants toreluctance
pilot test the proposedBIMBIM execution forplan for the building project toofgain
use them to overcome
without assistance; to adopt
(6) initial case study technology
results should FMused
be during the early
to educate usersstages
about the
BIM
feedback,
operation including
phase; (5)and possible
senior problems
FM staff and
should results.
be trainedParticipants
to use included
the as‐built the FM manager,
models, as many could not FM staff,
software adoption; (7) staff should receive additional training, as required.
and the BIM
use them engineer
without affiliated
assistance; (6) with the
initial case owner.
study The BIM
results execution
should be plan
used to was
educatedeveloped
users aboutafterBIMthe
The proposed BIM execution plan provided processes for participator of BIM‐FM related
owner’s
software BIM-FM
adoption; goals
and were
(7) established.
staff should During
receive the process,
additional the proposed
training, as BIM execution plan was
required.
problems and supported all changes during operation (Figure 7). The principal advantages of the
enforced, revised, and
The proposed BIM updated
executionbased on feedback
provided gained fromfor numerous BIM-FM meetings with
proposed BIM execution plan, based plan
on questionnaire processes
results, are as participator
follows: (1) the of FMBIM‐FM related
staff and BIM
the owner. Thesupported
problems exact details and characteristics of the (Figure
project will notprincipal
be discussed in this paper
engineers and were able to identifyall changes during processes
and develop operation 7). The
for BIM management based advantages of the
on their specific
due to confidentiality
proposed BIM execution reasons. based
Figure 4 questionnaire
illustrates updated as-built BIM model for FM staff
fromandas-built
requirements; (2) the FMplan, staff were on results,
able to provide guidance areon
asdetailed
follows: (1) the
integrated management BIM
BIM modelwere
engineers in the case
able to study.
identify The
and as-built
develop model element
processes for lacked
BIM bottled water
management cooler
based on based
their on the
specific
work of BIM and FM through the proposed documents; (3) the project engineers were able to track
requirements
requirements; of(2)
thethe
contract (left);
FMas‐built
staff therefore,
were to the
able and element as-builton
provide model needed to be updated (right).
the newest versions of models briefly guidance
view changesdetailed when usingintegrated
them;management
and (4) the
Figure
work 5 shows
of BIM the updated as-built BIM model and related FM data table of the bottled water
able tocooler
proposed BIMand FM through
execution the proposed
plan enhanced documents;
version and change (3) the project engineers
management weremodels
of as‐built track
easily
used
the in the case
newest versionsstudy.of Figure
as‐built6 shows
models the
andusebriefly
of the view
detailed required
changes when sheet
usingof BIM
them;model
and for
(4) FM
the
and effectively in the web environment.
used in theBIM
proposed caseexecution
study. Finally,
planFigure
enhanced7 shows the use
version andofchange
the new BIM modelsof
management inspection process easily
as‐built models in the
case study.
and effectively in the web environment.

Figure 4. Updated
Figure 4. Updated As-Built
As‐Built BIM
BIM model
model for
for FM
FM in
in the
the case
case study.
study.

Figure 4. Updated As‐Built BIM model for FM in the case study.

Figure 5.
Figure 5. Updated As‐Built BIM
Updated As-Built BIM model
model of
of bottled
bottled water
water cooler
cooler used
used in
in the
the case
case study.
study.

Figure 5. Updated As‐Built BIM model of bottled water cooler used in the case study.
Buildings 2016, 6, 8 10 of 14
Buildings 2016, 6, 8 10 of 14

Figure
Figure 6.
6. The
The use
use of
of detailed
detailed required
required sheet
sheet of
of BIM
BIM model
model for
for FM
FM used
used in
in the
the case
case study.
study.
The following recommendations are based on feedback from the case study: (1) successful BIM
implementation adoption should be supported by top management of the owner; (2) processes and
strategy must be developed to encourage maturation of the BIM execution plan during the early stages
of the operation phase; (3) further effort is required to train FM staff using BIM software to handle
revised and updated BIM as-built models; (4) further effort and additional approaches are required to
overcome reluctance to adopt BIM technology for FM during the early stages of the operation phase;
(5) senior FM staff should be trained to use the as-built models, as many could not use them without
assistance; (6) initial case study results should be used to educate users about BIM software adoption;
and (7) staff should receive additional training, as required.
The proposed BIM execution plan provided processes for participator of BIM-FM related problems
and supported all changes during operation (Figure 7). The principal advantages of the proposed
BIM execution plan, based on questionnaire results, are as follows: (1) the FM staff and BIM engineers
were able to identify and develop processes for BIM management based on their specific requirements;
(2) the FM staff were able to provide guidance on detailed integrated management work of BIM
and FM through the proposed documents; (3) the project engineers were able to track the newest
versions of as-built models and briefly view changes when using them; and (4) the proposed BIM
execution plan enhanced version and change management of as-built models easily and effectively in
the web environment.
Buildings 2016, 6, 8 11 of 14
Buildings 2016, 6, 8 11 of 14

Figure 7. The use of new BIM models inspection process in the case study.
Figure 7. The use of new BIM models inspection process in the case study.

Limitations and Barriers

Limitations and Barriers
The findings of this case study revealed several limitations of the proposed BIM execution plan.
The findings of this case study revealed several limitations of the proposed BIM execution plan.
The following are inherent problems recognized during the case study.
The following are inherent problems recognized during the case study.
(1) Although there was good development of the BIM execution plan in the case study, there were
(1) Although there was good development of the BIM execution plan in the case study, there were
nonetheless issues regarding the large number of differences between the as‐built BIM models
nonetheless issues regarding the large number of differences between the as-built BIM models
and as‐built BIM model for FM. This is a serious problem for BIM‐FM implementation in
and as-built BIM model for FM. This is a serious problem for BIM-FM implementation in practice.
practice. Much time and skilled personnel are required to revise and update the BIM models
Much time and skilled personnel are required to revise and update the BIM models based on
based on practical BIM‐FM requirements.
practical BIM-FM requirements.
(2) In the case study, the development of the proposed BIM execution plan initially lengthened the
(2) In the case study, the development of the proposed BIM execution plan initially lengthened the
project schedule by two months, After the BIM execution plan was developed, it was difficult
project schedule by two months, After the BIM execution plan was developed, it was difficult for
for the owner to develop and revise BIM models for two main reasons. Firstly, some FM staff
the owner to develop and revise BIM models for two main reasons. Firstly, some FM staff was
was unfamiliar with BIM skills at the early stages of the operation phase and BIM model
maintenance (such as BIM model development and revision). FM staff lacked the skills and time
Buildings 2016, 6, 8 12 of 14

unfamiliar with BIM skills at the early stages of the operation phase and BIM model maintenance
(such as BIM model development and revision). FM staff lacked the skills and time to confirm
the accuracy of as-built BIM models and revise the errors in the BIM model for FM use. Secondly,
many of the required processes were too time-consuming requiring FM staff time to check and
confirm the accuracy of as-built BIM models delivered from the general contractor after the close
out of the project. FM staff also needed to find the corresponding BIM model and complete
the relevant FM-related information. Furthermore, BIM model management work was not the
full-time job of FM staff. Therefore, the job of developing new BIM models and revising incorrect
BIM models was too time-consuming for FM staff during the initial operation phase.
(3) In the case study, FM staff needed to update BIM models during the initial operation phase with
the assistance of and regular communication with BIM engineers as FM staff lacked the skills
required for BIM model development. When new equipment or facilities are purchased, FM
staff needs to develop new BIM elements regarding to new equipment or facilities for future
management use. Furthermore, BIM models require constant maintenance to keep them updated.
Therefore, BIM engineers must work together with FM staff to revise and update BIM models
during the initial operation phase. The BIM engineers must also notify and discuss with FM staff
when the problems of BIM model have been solved or updated.
(4) Another important issue is quality management of BIM models. The study proposed a BIM
execution plan to help FM staff handle visual facilities maintenance and management work.
However, the advanced management procedures and mechanisms for quality management of
BIM models for FM must be identified and developed in the future. Particularly, management
mechanisms for BIM models management should be developed in future BIM quality
management research.
(5) One of the most challenging tasks with implementing BIM execution plan is the involvement
of the BIM engineer in the project. In Taiwan, most of the organizations plan to adopt the BIM
execution plan for the use of BIM for FM. However, many organizations need the FM staff that
is familiar with BIM skills. While organizations may have a high willingness to implement the
BIM execution plan, it is very difficult when these organizations lack the skilled BIM engineer
or managers. There are many organizations outsourcing BIM work for FM. Based on Taiwan
experience, those organizations that employ the FM staff who are familiar with BIM technology
can improve the implementation success rate.
(6) It is potentially challenging for FM staff to adopt the BIM technology as the assistance for the
visual FM tool. Based on the case study, some of the FM staff was reluctant in using BIM during
the BIM implementation, since they thought their own work would increase because of their
direct involvement.

5. Conclusions
Building information modeling has changed how FM is implemented during the operation phase.
Implementation of FM using visual communication and sharing among different participants has
become possible with BIM technology. With the assistance of BIM technology during the operation
phase, the performance of facility management integrated with BIM technology should be enhanced for
the owner. In order to allow BIM to be used effectively in the operation phase, it is necessary for owners
to develop suitable BIM execution plans during pre-operation phase. However, most of the research
on BIM use for FM focuses on the study of BIM use and applications during the operation phase.
This research proposed a BIM execution plan integrated with seven core elements for BIM model
management for BIM-FM integration in the early stages of the operation phase after project closeout.
The seven core elements include development of BIM-FM implementation team, development of
BIM-FM strategy, development of BIM-FM document, development of BIM-FM process, development
of BIM-FM information collection, development of BIM models inspection mechanism, and rules
development for BIM models usage for FM. With the proposed BIM-FM implementation team and
Buildings 2016, 6, 8 13 of 14

strategy, the BIM execution plan and framework can be implemented effectively. With the assistance
of proposed BIM-FM document, process, and information collection, the management of BIM work for
FM can be implemented efficiently. Furthermore, the quality of BIM management can be enhanced
integrated with the proposed BIM models inspection mechanism and rules development for BIM
models usage. Finally, the proposed BIM execution plan was then applied in a selected case study of
a building project in Taiwan to verify the proposed methodology and demonstrate its effectiveness
in practice. The combined results demonstrated that the proposed BIM execution plan is an effective
management approach for operation and maintenance management. The advantages of the proposed
BIM execution plan lie not only in how maintenance management work becomes more efficient by
integration with BIM technologies, but also in how the value and benefits of BIM are maximized
to support maintenance management. Finally, the limitations, difficulties, and suggestions were
summarized for further development of the BIM execution plan in practice.
The benefits of implementing the BIM execution plan for BIM model management during the
pre-operation phase include:

(1) To follow and handle BIM model management effectively.

(2) To develop the related SOPs of BIM model management effectively.
(3) To easily identify the mistakes and problems that interferes with meeting the requirements of
BIM model.
(4) To prepare the initial BIM-related work for FM effectively during the pre-operation phase.
(5) To enhance the successful implementation of BIM for FM.

The major contributions of this research include:

(1) This study proposed a BIM execution plan that provides implementation guidance for BIM model
management during the pre-operation phase.
(2) This study discussed the plan and technology requirements establishing the need for industry. It
also outlines the technology requirements for BIM model management in the future.
(3) The limitations, challenges, and suggestions are summarized for further development of BIM
execution plan based on the case study.

Every BIM use for FM project is unique with different strengths, weaknesses, and priorities.
Therefore, it is important to remember that any BIM execution plan for BIM requires different and
significant effort for implementation. The procedures proposed in the study can be customized to meet
each FM project needs, goals, and mission. While it is recommended to develop standard BIM model
management requirements, it was found that all projects cannot be treated the same. The benefits
of using BIM operating in an office building are very different from those for a factory. BIM process
requirements and developments are a good start for effective implementation, but each project must
be individually evaluated. As the BIM execution plan was applied during the pre-operation phase, the
BIM execution plan would need to be re-evaluated, and updated.
While this BIM execution plan primarily focuses on owner needs, many of the principals and
procedures can be applied to benefit design firms and general contractors. Before the pre-operation
phase, it is important and necessary to consider an Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) or COBie format
for BIM data’s transformation earlier to avoid missing data during the process. Future research will
focus on strategic planning during the operation for continuing BIM model development, and further
exploration of BIM management and strategies for FM.

Acknowledgments: The authors would like to acknowledge the National Science Council, Taiwan, for financially
supporting this work under contract number NSC-103-2221-E-027-036-MY3, and express their appreciation
to the all experts’ interviews for providing useful data, valuable information, and helpful comments during
research development.
Buildings 2016, 6, 8 14 of 14

Author Contributions: Yen-Pei Chen, Wan-Ting Huang and Chia-Chun Hong were responsible for the
information collection and practical problems analysis; Yen-Pei Chen and Wan-Ting Huang contributed to
this paper by developing the methodology and analyzing a case study; Yu-Cheng Lin guided the overall structure
and content of the paper; Yu-Cheng Lin, Yen-Pei Chen and Wan-Ting Huang contributed equally to writing of
the paper.
Conflicts of Interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest.

References
1. Lin, Y.C. The Challenge of Application of FM Using BIM Technologies in Taiwan; The BIM Research Report: Taipei,
Taiwan, 2012.
2. Eastman, C.; Teicholz, P.; Sacks, R.; Liston, K. BIM Handbook: A Guide to Building Information Modeling for
Owners, Managers, Designers, Engineers and Contractors; John Wiley & Sons: Hoboken, NJ, USA, 2008.
3. Liu, R.; Issa, R. Survey: Common knowledge in BIM for facility maintenance. J. Perform. Constr. Facil. 2015.
[CrossRef]
4. William East, E.; Nisbet, N.; Liebich, T. Facility management handover model view. J. Comput. Civ. Eng. 2013,
27, 61–67. [CrossRef]
5. Becerik-Gerber, B.; Jazizadeh, F.; Li, N.; Calis, G. Application areas and data requirements for BIM-enabled
facilities management. J. Constr. Eng. Manag. 2012, 138, 431–442. [CrossRef]
6. Wang, Y.; Wang, X.; Wang, J.; Yung, P.; Jun, G. Engagement of facilities management in design stage through
BIM: Framework and a case study. Adv. Civ. Eng. 2013, 2013. [CrossRef]
7. Bosch, A.; Volker, L.; Koutamanis, A. BIM in the operations stage: Bottlenecks and implications for owners.
Built Environ. Proj. Asset Manag. 2015, 5, 331–343.
8. Kassem, M.; Kelly, G.; Dawood, N.; Serginson, M.; Lockley, S. BIM in facilities management applications: A
case study of a large university complex. Built Environ. Proj. Asset Manag. 2015, 5, 261–277.
9. Arayici, Y.; Onyenobi, T.C.; Egbu, C.O. Building information modelling (BIM) for facilities management
(FM): The MediaCity case study approach. Int. J. 3D Inf. Model. 2012, 1, 55–73. [CrossRef]
10. Motamedi, A.; Hammad, A.; Asen, Y. Knowledge-assisted BIM-based visual analytics for failure root cause
detection in facilities management. Autom. Constr. 2014, 43, 73–83. [CrossRef]
11. Kang, T.W.; Hong, C.H. A study on software architecture for effective BIM/GIS-based facility management
data integration. Autom. Constr. 2015, 54, 25–38. [CrossRef]
12. Lin, Y.C.; Su, Y.C.; Chen, Y.P. Developing mobile BIM/2D barcode-based automated facility management
system. Sci. World J. 2014, 2014. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
13. Motawa, I.; Almarshad, A. Case-based reasoning and BIM systems for asset management. Built Environ.
Proj. Asset Manag. 2015, 5, 233–247.
14. Love, P.; Zhou, J.; Matthews, J.; Chun, P.S.; Carey, B. A systems information model for managing electrical,
control, and instrumentation assets. Built Environ. Proj. Asset Manag. 2015, 5, 278–289.
15. Chunduri, S.; Kreider, R.; Messner, J. A case study implementation of the BIM planning procedures for
facility owners. AEI 2013, 2013, 691–701.
16. Messner, J.; Kreider, R. BIM Planning Guide for Facility Owners, 2nd ed.; The Computer Integrated Construction
Research Program: University Park, PA, USA; Available online: http://bim.psu.edu/ (accessed on 9
October 2014).

© 2016 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access
article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons by Attribution
(CC-BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).