ESP-12E Wi-Fi Module (esp8266)

Figure: NodeMcu (ESP8266-12E)

ESP-12E Wi-Fi module is developed by Ai-thinker Team. core processor ESP8266 in

smaller sizes of the module encapsulates Tensilica L106 integrates industry-leading ultra low
power 32-bit MCU micro, with the 16-bit short mode, Clock speed support 80 MHz, 160
MHz, supports the RTOS, integrated Wi-Fi MAC/BB/RF/PA/LNA, on-board antenna. The
module supports standard IEEE802.11 b/g/n agreement, complete TCP/IP protocol stack.
Users can use the add modules to an existing device networking, or building a separate
network controller. ESP8266 is high integration wireless SOCs, designed for space and
power constrained mobile platform designers. It provides unsurpassed ability to embed Wi-Fi
capabilities within other systems, or to function as a standalone application, with the lowest
cost, and minimal space requirement.

ACS712 Current Sensor

 Fig: ACS712-05 Current sensor Module

The Allegro ACS712 current sensor is based on the principle of Hall-effect, which was
discovered by Dr. Edwin Hall in 1879. According to this principle, when a current carrying
conductor is placed into a magnetic field, a voltage is generated across its edges
perpendicular to the directions of both the current and the magnetic field. A thin sheet of
semiconductor material (called Hall element) is carrying a current (I) and is placed into a
magnetic field (B) which is perpendicular to the direction of current flow. Due to the
presence of Lorentz force, the distribution of current is no more uniform across the Hall
element and therefore a potential difference is created across its edges perpendicular to the
directions of both the current and the field. This voltage is known Hall voltage and its typical
value is in the order of few microvolts.

MQ135 Gas Sensor

The MQ-135 gas sensor senses the gases like ammonia nitrogen, oxygen, alcohols, aromatic
compounds, sulfide and smoke. The boost converter of the chip MQ-3 gas sensor is PT1301.
The operating voltage of this gas sensor is from 2.5V to 5.0V. The MQ-3 gas sensor has a
lower conductivity to clean the air as a gas sensing material. In the atmosphere we can find
polluting gases, but the conductivity of gas sensor increases as the concentration of polluting
gas increases.

Arduino IDE

Arduino is an open-source electronics platform based on easy-to-use hardware

and software. Arduino boards are able to read inputs - light on a sensor, a finger
on a button, or a Twitter message - and turn it into an output - activating a
motor, turning on an LED, publishing something online. You can tell your
board what to do by sending a set of instructions to the microcontroller on the
board. To do so you use the Arduino programming language (based on Wiring),
and the Arduino Software (IDE), based on Processing.

ATMEGA328P Microcontroller
The Atmel® picoPower® ATmega328/P is a low-power CMOS 8-bit microcontroller based
on the AVR® enhanced RISC architecture. By executing powerful instructions in a single
clock cycle, the ATmega328/P achieves throughputs close to 1MIPS per MHz this empowers
system designer to optimize the device for power consumption versus processing speed.

Blynk Cloud
Blynk was designed for the Internet of Things. It can control hardware remotely, it can
display sensor data, it can store data, visualize it and do many other cool things.
Blynk is a platform with iOS and Android apps to control Arduino, Raspberry Pi and the
likes over the Internet. It's a digital dashboard where you can build a graphic interface for
your project by simply dragging and dropping widgets. It's really simple to set everything up
and you'll start tinkering in less than 5 mins.

BUZZER
The electric buzzer was invented in 1831 by Joseph Henry. They were mainly used
in early doorbells until they were phased out in the early 1930s in favor of musical
chimes, which had a softer tone.

DC Gear Motors

A DC motor is an electric motor that runs on direct current power. In any electric motor,
operation is dependent upon simple electromagnetism. A current carrying conductor
generates a magnetic field, when this is then placed in an external magnetic field, it will
encounter a force proportional to the current in the conductor and to the strength of the
external magnetic field. It is a device which converts electrical energy to mechanical energy.
It works on the fact that a current carrying conductor placed in a magnetic field experiences a
force which causes it to rotate with respect to its original position.

Temperature and Humidity Module DHT11

DHT11 digital temperature and humidity sensor is a calibrated digital signal output of the
temperature and humidity combined sensor. It uses a dedicated digital modules capture
technology and the temperature and humidity sensor technology to ensure that products with
high reliability and excellent long-term stability. Sensor includes a resistive element and a
sense of wet NTC temperature measurement devices and with a high-performance 8-bit
microcontroller connected.

DS18B20 Temperature Sensor

The DS18B20 Digital Thermometer provides 9 to 12-bit (configurable) temperature readings
which indicate the temperature of the device. Information is sent to/from the DS18B20 over a
1-Wire interface, so that only one wire (and ground) needs to be connected from a central
microprocessor to a DS18B20. Power for reading, writing, and performing temperature
conversions can be derived from the data line itself with no need for an external power
source. Because each DS18B20 contains a unique silicon serial number, multiple DS18B20s
can exist on the same 1-Wire bus

Finger print module GT-511C3

The module itself does all of the heavy lifting behind reading and identifying the fingerprints with an
on-board optical sensor and 32-bit CPU. All you need to do is send it simple commands. To get
started, just register each fingerprint that you want to store by sending the corresponding command
and pressing your finger against the reader three times. The fingerprint scanner can store different
fingerprints and the database of prints can even be downloaded from the unit and distributed to
other modules.

FIRE SENSOR

A sensor which is most sensitive to a normal light is known as a flame sensor. That’s why
this sensor module is used in flame alarms. This sensor detects flame otherwise wavelength
within the range of 760 nm – 1100 nm from the light source. This sensor can be easily
damaged to high temperature. So this sensor can be placed at a certain distance from the
flame. The flame detection can be done from a 100cm distance and the detection angle will
be 600. The output of this sensor is an analog signal or digital signal. These sensors are used
in fire fighting robots like as a flame alarm.

MQ2 GAS SENSOR MODULE

MQ2 gas sensor can be used to detect the presence of LPG, Propane and Hydrogen, also
could be used to detect Methane and other combustible steam, it is low cost and suitable for
different application. Sensor is sensitive to flammable gas and smoke. Smoke sensor is given
5 volt to power it. Smoke sensor indicates smoke by the voltage that it outputs .More smoke
more output. A potentiometer is provided to adjust the sensitivity. Sn02 is the sensor used
which is of low conductivity when the air is clean.

GSM MODULE

GSM is a mobile communication modem; it is stands for global system for mobile communication
(GSM). The idea of GSM was developed at Bell Laboratories in 1970. It is widely used mobile
communication system in the world. GSM is an open and digital cellular technology used for
transmitting mobile voice and data services operates at the 850MHz, 900MHz, 1800MHz and
1900MHz frequency bands.

I2C Module (INTER INTEGRATED CIRCUIT)

The two wires, or lines are called Serial Clock (or SCL) and Serial Data (or SDA). The
SCL line is the clock signal which synchronize the data transfer between the devices on
the I2C bus and it’s generated by the master device. The other line is the SDA line which
carries the data
 LCD (Liquid Crystal Display)

A 16x2 LCD means it can display 16 characters per line and there are 2 such lines. In this
LCD each character is displayed in 5x7 pixel matrix. This LCD has two registers, namely,
Command and Data. The command register stores the command instructions given to the
LCD. A command is an instruction given to LCD to do a predefined task like initializing it,
clearing its screen, setting the cursor position, controlling display etc. The data register stores
the data to be displayed on the LCD. The data is the ASCII value of the character to be
displayed on the LCD

INVERTER CIRCUIT
Inverter plays an essential role like a brain. The main function of this is to alter DC power to
AC power which is generated from the solar array. It allows for monitoring the system so this
system operators can observe how this system is working. If you are considering a solar panel
system for your home, one of the key decisions you make is the type of inverter to install.
Inverters convert direct current (DC) energy which is generated from the solar panels into
usable alternating current (AC) energy.

IR Sensor

The IR Sensor-Single is a general purpose proximity sensor. Here we use it for collision

detection. The module consists of an IR emitter and IR receiver pair. The high precision IR

receiver always detects an IR signal. The module consists of 358 comparator IC. The output

of sensor is high whenever it IR frequency and low otherwise. The on-board LED indicator

helps user to check status of the sensor without using any additional hardware. The power

consumption of this module is low. It gives a digital output

L293D Motor Driver IC

The L293 and L293D devices are quadruple high current half H-drivers .The L293D is designed to
provide bi directional drive currents of upto 1A at voltages from 4.4 to 36 V. The L293D is designed
to provide bi directional drive currents of upto 600-m A at voltages from 4.5V to 36V.Both devices
are designed to drive inductive loads such as relays, solenoids, DC and bipolar stepping motors as
well as other high current/high voltage loads in positive supply applications.

Light- Dependent Resistor (LDR)

A light-dependent resistor alternatively called an LDR, photo resistor, photoconductor,
or photocell, is a variable resistor whose value decreases with increasing incident light intensity.
An LDR is made of a high-resistance semiconductor. If light falling on the device is of high enough
frequency, photons absorbed by the semiconductor give bound electrons enough energy to jump into
the conduction band. The resulting free electron (and its hole partner) conducts electricity, thereby
lowering resistance.

Metal Detector

A metal detector is an electronic instrument which detects the presence of metal nearby.
Metal detectors are useful for finding metal inclusions hidden within objects, or metal objects
buried underground. They often consist of a handheld unit with a sensor probe which can be
swept over the ground or other objects. If the sensor comes near a piece of metal this is
indicated by a changing tone in earphones, or a needle moving on an indicator. Usually the
device gives some indication of distance; the closer the metal is, the higher the tone in the
earphone or the higher the needle goes. Another common type are stationary "walk through"
metal detectors used for security screening at access points in prisons, courthouses,
and airports to detect concealed metal weapons on a person's body.

NODEMCU (ESP-8266 12E) Wi-Fi Module

The ESP8266 has seen a wide adoption as a cost-effective solution for IOT and Wi-Fi-
capable devices. The ESP8266 was developed by Shangai-based Espressif systems, as a
Serial (UART) to Wi-Fi SoC (System on a Chip) based around a Tensilica Xtensa LX3DPU.
This tiny IC includes an RF front end, RAM, and (usually) an onboard TCP/IP stack that
allows it ready to connect to a nearby Access Point, to act as an Access Point itself, or both.

Power Supply

Almost all basic household electronic circuits need an unregulated AC to be converted to

constant DC, in order to operate the electronic device. All devices will have a certain power
supply limit and the electronic circuits inside these devices must be able to supply a constant
DC voltage within this limit. That is, all the active and passive electronic devices will have a
certain DC operating point (Q-point or Quiescent point), and this point must be achieved by
the source of DC power.

RELAY
A relay is an electrically operated switch. Many relays use an electromagnet to mechanically operate a
switch, but other operating principles are also used, such as solid-state relays. Relays are used where it
is necessary to control a circuit by a separate low-power signal, or where several circuits must be
controlled by one signal. The first relays were used in long distance telegraph circuits as amplifiers:
they repeated the signal coming in from one circuit and re-transmitted it on another circuit. Relays
were used extensively in telephone exchanges and early computers to perform logical operations.

RF Transceivers (433-MHz)

RF module is a small size electronic device that is used to transmit or receive radio signals
between two devices. The main application of RF module is an embedded system to
communicate with another device wirelessly. This communication may be accomplished
through radio frequency communication. For various applications the medium of choice is
radio frequency since it does not need line of sight. The applications of RF modules mainly
involve in low volume and medium volume products for consumer applications like wireless
alarm systems, garage door openers, smart sensor applications, wireless home automation
systems and industrial remote controls. This article discusses about block diagram of RF
transceiver module and its applications.

RFID MODULE EM-18

The RFID reader is a low cost, low power consumption, small size & easy to use device ideal
to develop an RFID system. Once powered, it can detect any RFID card within range and
with the frequency same as that of its working frequency (125 kHz). It can interact with a
microcontroller in any one of the two supported protocols namely TTL Serial & Wiegand 26
as per the system design. µRFID reader also has a detection pin(BUZ) that could be used to
simply detect a valid RFID card. Its form factor and output data formats are 100% compatible
with EM-18 Reader Module.

Servo Motor
A servo motor is an electrical device which can push or rotate an object with great precision.
If you want to rotate and object at some specific angles or distance, then you use servo motor.
It is just made up of simple motor which run through servo mechanism. If motor is used is
DC powered then it is called DC servo motor, and if it is AC powered motor then it is called
AC servo motor. We can get a very high torque servo motor in a small and light weight
packages. Doe to these features they are being used in many applications like toy car, RC
helicopters and planes, Robotics, Machine etc.

SMART CAMERA
which bring you a very clear and vivid image and also offers a immersive illusion. Beside,
with 360 degree globe panoramic IP Camera, viewing what is in range of the camera, you can
also have a video surveillance in every corner of your house as well. Built-in microphone and
speaker, there is no problem for talking with someone wherever the IP Camera is set up
directly from your mobile device. V380 Camera also will be provided with cloud service

Soil Moisture Sensor

This sensor can be used to test the moisture of soil, when the soil is having water shortage,
the module output is at high level, else the output is at low level. By using this sensor one can
automatically water the flower plant, or any other plants requiring automatic watering
technique. Module triple output mode, digital output is simple, analog output more accurate,
serial output with exact readings.

Solar Panel
A photovoltaic (PV) module is a packaged; connect assembly of typically 6x10 photovoltaic solar
cells. Photovoltaic modules constitute the photovoltaic array of a photovoltaic system that
generates and supplies solar electricity in commercial and residential applications. Each module is
rated by its DC output power under standard test conditions (STC), and typically ranges from 100 to
365 Watts (W).

Solenoid Valves

A solenoid valve is an electromechanically operated valve. The valve is controlled by

an electric current through a solenoid: in the case of a two-port valve the flow is switched on
or off; in the case of a three-port valve, the outflow is switched between the two outlet ports.
Multiple solenoid valves can be placed together on a manifold.

ULTRASONIC SENSOR – HC-SR 04

Ultrasonic sensor is a sensor that works on principle similar to radar or sonar. It generates high
frequency sound and calculates the time interval between the sending of signal and the receiving
of echo. Therefore, ultrasonic sensor can be used to measure distance. HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor
consists of a transmitter, a receiver and a control module.

6V Mini Water Pump Submersible

It is extremely simple and easy to use. Just immerse the pump in water, connect a suitable pipe
to the outlet and power the motor with 3-6V to start pumping water. Great for building science
projects, fire-extinguishers, fire fighting robots, fountains, waterfall

ls, plant watering systems etc.

Vibration Motor
It is a small built-in vibration motor module. After inputting 5V power, you can control ON / OFF
or vibration intensity of motor through digital signal.

Feature

1. Small Compact Size

2. Metal Body
3. Power: 2.5V
4. Speed 9000 RPM
5. Powerful Motor
6. Starting Voltage: 2.3 Max V DC
7. Starting Current: 190 Max
 MAX30100 PULSE OXIMETER
Introduction:
Pulse Sensor is a well-designed plug-and-play heart-rate sensor for Arduino. It can be used
by students, artists, athletes, makers, and game & mobile developers who want to easily
incorporate live heart rate data into their projects. The sensor clips onto a fingertip or earlobe
and plugs right into Arduino. It also includes an open-source monitoring app that graphs your
pulse in real time.