Math Mammoth

Multiplication & Division

Worksheets
Answer Key

By Maria Miller
Copyright 2007 - 2011 Taina Maria Miller.
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 Contents
Worksh. Ans. key Worksh. Ans. key
Multiplication page page Long Division cont. page page

Multiplication Concept ........................................ 6 4 Remainder in Long Division 1 .......................... 41 12

Multiplication Tables 1 ....................................... 7 4 Remainder in Long Division 2 .......................... 42 12
Multiplication Tables 2 ....................................... 8 5 Divide Money ................................................... 43 12
Multiply by Whole Tens and Hundreds 1 ........... 9 5 Two-Digit Divisor ............................................ 44 13
Multiply by Whole Tens and Hundreds 2 ........... 10 5 Two-Digit Divisor 1 .......................................... 45 13
Multiply by Whole Hundreds .............................. 11 6 Two-Digit Divisor with Remainder ................... 46 13
Multiply in Parts .................................................. 12 6
Estimate Products .............................................. 13 6
Multiplication Word Problems ............................ 14 6 Number Theory
Multiplication Problems ...................................... 15 6
Proportional Patterns ......................................... 16 7 Divisors = Factors 1 ........................................ 47 13
Divisors = Factors 2 ........................................ 48 14
Divisors = Factors 3 ........................................ 49 14
Multiplication in Columns Factors ............................................................ 50 15
Multiples .......................................................... 51 15
Mystery Numbers ........................................... 52 15
Multiply 3-Digit Numbers 1 ................................ 17 7
Greatest Common Factor ............................... 53 16
Multiply 3-Digit Numbers 2 ................................. 18 7
LCM and GCF ................................................. 54 16
Carry Twice ........................................................ 19 8
Divisibility ........................................................ 55 16
Multiply by 2-Digit Numbers 1 ............................ 20 8
Divisibility ........................................................ 56 17
Multiply by 2-Digit Numbers 2 ............................ 21 8
Factors vs. Multiples ....................................... 57 17
More Digits 1 ...................................................... 22 8
Factoring ......................................................... 58 18
More Digits 2 ...................................................... 23 8
Factoring ......................................................... 59 18
Multiply in Columns 1 ......................................... 24 9
Factoring ......................................................... 60 18
Multiply in Columns 2 ......................................... 25 9
Prime Numbers ............................................... 61 18
Primes ............................................................. 62 19
Divisibility Problems ....................................... 63 20
Division
Division Concept 1 ............................................ 26 9 Word Problems and
Division Concept 2 ............................................. 27 9 Order of Operations
Division Situations .............................................. 28 10
Divide by Ten and Hundred ............................... 29 10
Order of Operations 1 ..................................... 64 20
Remainder .......................................................... 30 10
Order of Operations 2 ..................................... 65 20
Division Problems .............................................. 31 10
Order of Operations ........................................ 66 20
Estimating Division.............................................. 32 11
Order of Operations/Estimating ...................... 67 21
Part of a Whole 1 ............................................. 68 21
Long Division Part of a Whole 2 ............................................. 69 21
Problems with Parts ....................................... 70 21
Multiply/Divide Review 1 ................................. 71 22
Long Division 1 ................................................. 33 11
Multiply/Divide Review 2 ................................. 72 22
Long Division 2 .................................................. 34 11
Word Problems ................................................ 73 22
Long Division 1 .................................................. 35 11
Long Division 2 .................................................. 36 11
Long Division 3 .................................................. 37 12
Long Division 4 .................................................. 38 12
Long Division 1 .................................................. 39 12
Long Division 2 .................................................. 40 12

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Multiplication Concept, p. 6

1. a. 4 × 2 = 8; 4 × 20 = 80. b. 3 × 80 = 240; 3 × 8 = 24.

c. 5 + 5 + 5 + 5 = 20; 50 + 50 + 50 + 50 = 200. d. 12 + 12 = 24; 120 + 120 = 240.
2. a. 6 rows, 3 columns: 6 × 3 = 18. 3 columns, 6 rows: 3 × 6 = 18.
b. 5 rows, 1 column: 5 × 1 = 5. 1 column, 5 rows: 1 × 5 = 5.
3. a. 46 b. 0 c. 300 d. 6,000 e. 4,000 f. 1,000
4. a. 70 toes. 7 × 10 = 70. b. 16 feet. 4 × 4 = 16. c. 16 wheels. 8 × 2 = 16.
d. 36 eggs. 3 × 12 = 36. e. 10 hands. 5 × 2 = 10. f. 36 wheels. 9 × 4 = 36.
5. a. factor, factor, product. b. 4 × 8 = 32. c. The product is zero.

Multiplication Tables 1, p. 7

1×5= 5 7 × 5 = 35 1 × 10 = 10 7 × 10 = 70 1 × 11 = 11 7 × 11 = 77
2 × 5 = 10 8 × 5 = 40 2 × 10 = 20 8 × 10 = 80 2 × 11 = 22 8 × 11 = 88
3 × 5 = 15 9 × 5 = 45 3 × 10 = 30 9 × 10 = 90 3 × 11 = 33 9 × 11 = 99
4 × 5 = 20 10 × 5 = 50 4 × 10 = 40 10 × 10 = 100 4 × 11 = 44 10 × 11 = 110
5 × 5 = 25 11 × 5 = 55 5 × 10 = 50 11 × 10 = 110 5 × 11 = 55 11 × 11 = 121
6 × 5 = 30 12 × 5 = 60 6 × 10 = 60 12 × 10 = 120 6 × 11 = 66 12 × 11 = 132
What same answers do you find in tables of 5 and 10? Why? Elevens are as easy as a pie!
ANSWERS 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, AND 60.
BECAUSE 10 IS DOUBLE 5, IT FOLLOWS THAT ANYTHING TIMES 10 IS TWO TIMES THAT MANY
TIMES 5.

1×2=2 7 × 2 = 14 1×4= 4 7 × 4 = 28 1×8= 8 7 × 8 = 56

2×2=4 8 × 2 = 16 2×4= 8 8 × 4 = 32 2 × 8 = 16 8 × 8 = 64
3×2=6 9 × 2 = 18 3 × 4 = 12 9 × 4 = 36 3 × 8 = 24 9 × 8 = 72
4×2=8 10 × 2 = 20 4 × 4 = 16 10 × 4 = 40 4 × 8 = 32 10 × 8 = 80
5 × 2 = 10 11 × 2 = 22 5 × 4 = 20 11 × 4 = 44 5 × 8 = 40 11 × 8 = 88
6 × 2 = 12 12 × 2 = 24 6 × 4 = 24 12 × 4 = 48 6 × 8 = 48 12 × 8 = 96
What same answers do you find To find a product in table of 4, Here you can double thrice:
in tables of 2, 4, and 8? you can double twice: 7 × 4 = ??
8, 16, 24. Why is that? Take double 7, and double that.
6 × 8 = ?? Take double 6,
ANYTHING IN THE TABLE OF 8 WILL ALSO BE IN and double that, and double that.
THE TABLE OF 4, BECAUSE 8 IS DOUBLE 4. 5, 6, 7, 8 - fifty-six is 7 times 8.
ANYTHING IN THE TABLE OF 4 IS ALSO IN THE Color ones digits one color and
TABLE OF 2, BECAUSE 4 IS DOUBLE 2. This is a
(partial) list of EVEN numbers. tens digits another. Notice a pattern.
THE ONES DIGITS ARE EVEN
NUMBERS 8, 6, 4, 2, 0, ETC. THE TENS
DIGITS ARE 1, 2, 3, 4, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 8, 9.
THEY INCREASE BY ONE EACH TIME
EXCEPT AT 4 AND 8.

1×3=3 7 × 3 = 21 1×6=6 7 × 6 = 42 1×9= 9 7 × 9 = 63

2×3=6 8 × 3 = 24 2 × 6 = 12 8 × 6 = 48 2 × 9 = 18 8 × 9 = 72
3×3=9 9 × 3 = 27 3 × 6 = 18 9 × 6 = 54 3 × 9 = 27 9 × 9 = 81
4 × 3 = 12 10 × 3 = 30 4 × 6 = 24 10 × 6 = 60 4 × 9 = 36 10 × 9 = 90
5 × 3 = 15 11 × 3 = 33 5 × 6 = 30 11 × 6 = 66 5 × 9 = 45 11 × 9 = 99
6 × 3 = 18 12 × 3 = 36 6 × 6 = 36 12 × 6 = 72 6 × 9 = 54 12 × 9 = 108
What same answers do you find in tables of 3 and 6?
6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36.
Add the digits of each answer.
YOU WILL GET 9 EACH TIME.
Why is that? 6 IS DOUBLE 3. SO ANY NUMBER IN THE TABLE OF 6 IS ALSO IN
THE TABLE OF 3.

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Multiplication Tables 2, p. 8

1. 1 × 12 = 12 7 × 12 = 84
1×7= 7 7 × 7 = 49
2 × 12 = 24 8 × 12 = 96
2 × 7 = 14 8 × 7 = 56
3 × 12 = 36 9 × 12 = 108
3 × 7 = 21 9 × 7 = 63
4 × 12 = 48 10 × 12 = 120
4 × 7 = 28 10 × 7 = 70
5 × 12 = 60 11 × 12 = 132
5 × 7 = 35 11 × 7 = 77
6 × 12 = 72 12 × 12 = 144
6 × 7 = 42 12 × 7 = 84
2.
3. a. 7, 4, 8 b. 8, 5, 9 c. 8, 6, 7 d. 8, 6, 7
× 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 e. 9, 7, 8 f. 9, 6, 7 g. 7, 9, 8 h. 9, 8, 6
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24
3 0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 33 36
4 0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48
5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60
6 0 6 12 18 24 30 36 42 48 54 60 66 72
7 0 7 14 21 28 35 42 49 56 63 70 77 84
8 0 8 16 24 32 40 48 56 64 72 80 88 96
9 0 9 18 27 36 45 54 63 72 81 90 99 108
10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120
11 0 11 22 33 44 55 66 77 88 99 110 121 132
12 0 12 24 36 48 60 72 84 96 108 120 132 144

Multiply by Whole Tens and Hundreds 1, p. 9

1. a. 3 × 10 = 30; 3 × 100 = 300; 3 × 1000 = 3000

b. 2 × 90 = 180; 2 × 900 = 1,800; 2 × 9,000 = 18,000
c. 5 × 30 = 150; 5 × 300 = 1,500; 5 × 3,000 = 15,000
2. a. 60, 600, 6000 b. 210, 2100, 21,000 c. 720, 7,200, 72,000
d. 300, 3,000, 30,000 e. 100, 1000, 10,000 f. 630, 6,300, 63,000
3. a. 5,600; 540; 15,000 b. 160; 36,000; 4,200 c. 240; 30,000; 2,700
4. a. 40; 200 b. 40; 400 c. 30; 3,000 d. 60; 600 e. 800; 8,000 f. 90; 9,000

Multiply by Whole Tens and Hundreds 2, p. 10

1. a. 210; 2100; 21,000 b. 350; 3500; 35,000 c. 110; 1100; 11,000
2. a. 45 b. 340; 340 ÷ 10 = 34. c. 800; 800 ÷ 10 = 80. d. 4,900; 4,900 ÷ 10 = 490.
3. a. 200; 1,600; 490 b. 45,000; 4,000; 18,000 c. 770; 2,400; 1,200 d. 360; 32,000; 5,900
4. a. 56; 80 b. 4; 60 c. 7; 5.
5.

a. b. c.
1,000 × 10 = 10,000 80 × 5 = 400 100 × 97 = 9,700
1,010 × 10 = 10,100 90 × 5 = 450 100 × 98 = 9,800
1,020 × 10 = 10,200 100 × 5 = 500 100 × 99 = 9,900
1,030 × 10 = 10,300 110 × 5 = 550 100 × 100 = 10,000
1,040 × 10 = 10,400 120 × 5 = 600 100 × 101 = 10,100
1,050 × 10 = 10,500 130 × 5 = 650 100 × 102 = 10,200
1,060 × 10 = 10,600 140 × 5 = 700 100 × 103 = 10,300
1,070 × 10 = 10,700 150 × 5 = 750 100 × 104 = 10,400

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Multiply by Whole Hundreds, p. 11

1. a. 600; 3000; 6000 b. 3500; 5000; 35,000 4. b. 20 × 70 = 1,400 c. 700 × 70 = 49,000

c. 3200; 8000; 32,000 d. 700; 7000; 70,000 d. 90 × 300 = 27,000 e. 25 × 700 = 17,500
f. 50 × 40 = 2,000 (or 45 × 40 = 1,800)
2. a. 15,000; 20,000 b. 900; 1800 g. 80 × $20 = $1,600
c. 27,000; 270,000 d. 16,000; 160,000 h. 261 × $10 = $2,610 (no need to round 261)
i. 50 × $40 = $2,000
3. a. 2; 20 b. 30; 3 c. 4; 8
d. 700; 7 e. 90; 9 f. 600; 60 5. a. 20 × $45 = $900; exact $1078.80
b. 500 × 20¢ = 10,000¢ = $100. Exact: $97.28
c. 200 × $1.30 = $260. Exact: $270.9
Multiply in Parts, p. 12

1. a. 6, 80, 400. 2 × 243 = 486.

b. 15, 150, 300. 3 × 155 = 465.
5.a. 3 × 267 b. 7 × 452 c. 4 × 389
2. a. 560 + 8 = 568 b. 200 + 10 = 210
c. 180 + 36 = 216 3 × 200 = 600 7 × 400 = 2800 320
3. a. 60 + 48 = 108 b. 140 + 42 = 182 3 × 60 = 180 7 × 50 = 350 4×9=+ 36
c. 150 + 25 = 175 d. 400 + 8 = 408 3×7= + 21 7 × 2 = + 14
1556
4. a. 500 + 50 + 10 = 560 801 3164
b. 600 + 120 + 4 = 724
c. 1,200 + 30 + 24 = 1,254
d. 6,300 + 70 + 28 = 6,398

Estimate Products, p. 13

1. a. 210; 203 b. 800; 816 c. 1,000; 945 4. a. 40; 400 b. 20; 40 c. 80; 40 d. 800; 80
2. a. 300; 290 b. 1,400; 1,428 c. 540; 552 Roses 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
d. 160; 156 e. 200; 194 f. 2,400; 2,496
g. 300; 315 h. 1,600; 1,596 Estimated price $0.90 $1.80 $2.70 $3.60 $4.50 $5.40 $6.30 $7.20
Exact price $0.88 $1.76 $2.64 $3.52 $4.40 $5.28 $6.16 $7.04
3. First number is estimate;
second is the exact product.
a. 3,000; 2890 b. 1,400; 1,498
c. 6,000; 5952 d. 1,600; 1528

Multiplication Word Problems, p. 14

1. a. 12 × 6 + 7 × 10; b. 42 × 7 + 36; d. 500 × 20 + 500 + 10 × 45 = 10,950 kg;

c. 5,000 – 7 × 50 – 27 e. $100.00 – 5 × $4.58 – 7 × $2.83 = $57.29;
f. 365 – 30 – 2 × 31 = 273;
2. a. 5 × $1.99 + 7 × $1.28 = $18.91; g. 160 × $11.00 + 55 × $15.00 = $2,585.00;
b. 8 × $1.25 + 8 × $1.64 + 8 × $0.79 = $29.44; h. (18 × 8) × $11.00 + 22 × $15.00 = $1,914.00
c. 12 × 39 + 17 × 9 = 621;

Multiplication Problems, p. 15

1. a. 6,180; b. 48,400; c. 12,150; 4. a. A = 600; B = 584 b. M = 200; N = 216

d. 2,048; e. 42,600; f. 45,690 c. X = 1,000; Y = 1,068 d. Z = 630; W = 702
2. a. 10; 7; 40 b. 65; 20; 5 c. 0; 100; 30 5. a. x = 50,000 – 5 × 4,219 = 28,905
b. x = 70,000 – 3 × 11,394 = 35,818
3. a. 1,200,000 b. 560,000,000
c. 1,600,000,000 d. 3,000,000,000
6. a. x = 500 × $1.38 + 200 × $1.64 = $1,018.00
b. x = 178 × 16 = 2,848 beans.
(Hint: 16 cups = 1 gallon)

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Proportional Patterns, p. 16

1.
minutes 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
words 60 120 180 240 300 360 420 480 540 600 660 720

How many words can Jill type in half an hour? 1800 In 45 minutes? 2700 In one hour? 3600
2.
Time 1 min 5 min 10 min 15 min 20 min 30 min 45 min 1h 2h 3h
Distance 1/10 km 1/2 km 1 km 1 1/2 km 2 km 3 km 4 1/2 km 6 km 12 km 18 km

3.
Time 1h 2h 3h 4h 6h 8h 16 h 24 h 32 h 35 h 40 h 50 h
Money $9.00 $18.00 $27.00 $36.00 $54.00 $72.00 $144.00 $216.00 $288.00 $315.00 $360.00 $450.00

How much does Jason earn monthly if he works 22 days in a month? $1584.00
4.
Miles 25 50 100 125 150 200 300 400 500 600 800
Gas 1 gal. 2 gal. 4 gal. 5 gal. 6 gal. 8 gal. 12 gal. 16 gal. 20 gal. 24 gal. 32 gal.
Money $3.00 $6.00 $12.00 $15.00 $18.00 $24.00 $36.00 $48.00 $60.00 $72.00 $96.00

How far can Jeni drive with $120? 1000 miles How much does it cost her to drive 250 miles? $30.00

5. a. A machine fills 720 cans in 1 hour. b. Joe gets paid $45 for 5 hours.
Cans 60 120 180 360 720 Hours 1 2 3 4 5
Minutes 5 10 15 30 60 Dollars $9.00 $18.00 $27.00 $36.00 $45.00

c. Ten yards of fabric costs $40; how much do 6 yards d. If a boat takes 10 hours to travel 300 km, how long
cost? $24.00 does it take to travel 120 km? 4 hours

Multiply 3-Digit Numbers 1, p. 17

2. 3. a. 539 b. 276 c. 801 d. 704 e. 390 f. 670

g. 580 h. 824 i. 898 j. 981 k. 2,484 l. 2,484
a. multiply in b. add repeatedly c. multiply using m. 4,991 n. 7,245 o. 1845 p. 2178
parts, then add 3 the algorithm
519
4 × 500 = 2000 519 519
4 × 10 = 40 519 × 4
4×9= + 36 + 519
2076
2076 2076

Multiply 3-Digit Numbers 2, p. 18

1. a. 369 b. 1,827 c. 3,276 d. 1,524 e. 4,085 f. 3,595 g. 1,640 h. 951 i. 3,690 j. 2092
2. a. 7 × 7 × 4 = 7 × 28 = 140 + 56 = 196 legs. b. She used 4 × $13 = $52. She had $60 - $52 = $8 left.
c. 5 × 43 = 215 pupils. 251 - 200 = 15 seats left empty.
d. Total bill was $14 + $35 = $49. One card cost $14/7 = $2. One gift box cost $35/7 = $5.
e. 17 × 2 = 34. 17 × 4 = 68, and 17 × 6 = 102. f. Robert's total bill was 3 × $137 = $411. Change was $589.
g. Four jets seat 1,520 passengers. To carry 1000 people you need 3 jets.

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Carry Twice, p. 19

1. 16; 140; 600. Added: 16 + 140 + 600 = 756. 3. a.

2. a. 4664 b. 3486 c. 2694 d. 2397 e. 2124 Months 1 2 3 4 5 6
f. 9261 g. 8734 h. 7380 i. 4032 j. 1824 Earnings $1,300 $2,600 $3,900 $5,200 $6,500 $7,800
k. 6735 l. 7560 m. 9267 n. 5915
o. 4266 p. 7882 b. When can you buy a toolkit for $189?
After 5 weeks.
Weeks 1 2 3 4 5 6
Earnings $40 $80 $120 $160 $200 $240

Multiply by a 2-Digit Number 1, p. 20

1. a. 32; 160; 320 b. 45; 150; 450 4. a. 80 × 54 = 4,320 and 2 × 54 = 108.

c. 54; 270; 540 d. 128; 320; 1,280 Adding those: 82 × 54 = 4,428.
b. 70 × 29 = 2,030 and 6 × 29 = 174.
2. a. 2,660 b. 5,520 c. 472 d. 285 Adding those: 76 × 29 = 2,204
c. 70 × 53 = 3,710 and 2 × 53 = 106.
3. a. 1,740 b. 4,080 c. 3,760 d. 1,580
Adding those: 72 × 53 = 3,816
e. 4,960 f. 3,850 g. 3,870 h. 4,100
d. 30 × 82 = 2,460 and 7 × 82 = 574.
Adding those: 37 × 82 = 3,034

Multiply by a 2-Digit Number 2, p. 21

1. a. 70 × 38 = 2,660; 2 × 38 = 76; 2,660 + 76 = 2,736. 1. d. 10 × 37 = 370; 8 × 37 = 296; 370 + 296 = 666.

b. 50 × 72 = 3,600; 6 × 72 = 432;
3,600 + 432 = 4,032. 2. a. 1330 b. 2852 c. 4004 d. 2212 e. 6264
c. 40 × 64 = 2,560; 5 × 64 = 320; f. 1080 g. 5859 h. 4293 i. 1581 j. 1760
2,560 + 320 = 2,880. k. 1377 l. 2535

More Digits 1, p. 22

1. a. 70 × 318 = 22,260; 2 × 318 = 636. 2 d. ≈ 100 × 28 = 2800; 3024.

22,260 + 636 = 22,896. e. ≈ 700 × 50 = 35,000; 33,229.
b. 10 × 742 = 7,420; 8 × 742 = 5,936. f. ≈ 140 × 50 = 7000; 7425.
7,420 + 5,936 = 13,356. g. ≈ 125 × 100 = 12,500; 12,160.
h. ≈ 300 × 60 = 18,000; 18,166.
2. a. ≈ 100 × 40 = 4000; 4500. i. ≈ 800 × 40 = 32,000; 33,110.
b. ≈ 500 × 80 = 40,000; 37,392. j. ≈ 600 × 90 = 54,000; 52,248.
c. ≈ 700 × 30 = 21,000; 23,494. k. ≈ 50 × 75 = 3750; 3675.
l. ≈ 250 × 80 = 20,000; 19,762.

More Digits 2, p. 23

1. a. ≈ 1500 × 50 = 75,000; 74,100. b. ≈ 4000 × 60 = 240,000; 259,616.

c. ≈ 7000 × 30 = 210,000; 244,476. d. ≈ 2000 × 70 = 140,000; 129,744.
e. ≈ 7000 × 45 = 315,000; 316,910. f. ≈ 5000 × 54 = 270,000; 270,108.
g. ≈ 5000 × 20 = 100,000; 115,975. h. ≈ 4000 × 80 = 320,000; 331,362.
i. ≈ 300 × 450 = 135,000; 137,229. j. ≈ 100 × 200 = 20,000; 20,925.
k. ≈ 700 × 400 = 280,000; 279,660. l. ≈ 250 × 200 = 50,000; 42,606.
m. ≈ 200 × 450 = 90,000; 97,180. n. ≈ 300 × 700 = 210,000; 229,830.
o. ≈ 300 × 720 = 216,000; 225,338. p. ≈ 200 × 1000 = 200,000; 194,880.

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Multiply in Columns 1, p. 24

1. a. 26,520 b. 8,790 c. 36,812 d. 19,016 2. a. x = 4,219 × 5 + 2,000 = 23,095

e. 20,331 f. 5,670 g. 43,619 h. 57,256 b. x = 3 × 564 + 3 × 1,394 = 5,874
i. 180,011 j. 92,630 k. 430,429 l. 550,364 c. 2,184 d. 2,268
m. 219,030 n. 330,222 o. 131,412 p. 487,179

Multiply in Columns 2, p. 25

1. Total bill is 15 × $65.70 + 22 × $34.95. 2. i. 1,449,120 j. 1,956,942 k. 993,465 l. 291,132

Estimate: 15 × $70 + 20 × $35 =
$1050 + $700 = $1,750.00 3. a. Missing digits: 1 and 1.
Exact: $1,754.40 The problem: 314 × 11 = 3454.
b. Missing digits: 2 and 3.
2. a. 26,520 b. 8,790 c. 36,812 The problem: 23 × 34 = 782.
d. 19,016 e. $1,834.11 f. $699.30 c. Missing digits: 5 and 6.
g. $1,160.50 h. $13,490.40 The problem: 135 × 64 = 8,640.
d. Missing digits: 6, 7 and 3.
The problem: 31 × 267 = 8,277

Division Concept 1, p. 26

1. a. 3 × 4 = 12; 12 ÷ 3 = 4. b. 5 × 3 = 15; 15 ÷ 5 = 3. c. 2 × 4 = 8; 8 ÷ 2 = 4.
2. a. 7 × 3 = 21; 3 × 7 = 21; 21 ÷ 3 = 7; 21 ÷ 7 = 3. b. 4 × 6 = 24; 6 × 4 = 24; 24 ÷ 6 = 4; 24 ÷ 4 = 6.
c. 4 × 9 = 36; 9 × 4 = 36; 36 ÷ 4 = 9; 36 ÷ 9 = 4. d. 5 × 11 = 55; 11 × 5 = 55; 55 ÷ 5 = 11; 55 ÷ 11 = 5.

3. a. 16 ÷ 2 = 8 b. 45 ÷ 5 = 9 c. 90 ÷ 10 = 9
18 ÷ 2 = 9 40 ÷ 5 = 8 100 ÷ 10 = 10
20 ÷ 2 = 10 35 ÷ 5 = 7 110 ÷ 10 = 11
22 ÷ 2 = 11 30 ÷ 5 = 6 120 ÷ 10 = 12
24 ÷ 2 = 12 25 ÷ 5 = 5 130 ÷ 10 = 13
26 ÷ 2 = 13 20 ÷ 5 = 4 140 ÷ 10 = 14

4. b. 40 ÷ 10 = 4. c. 72 ÷ 8 = 9. d. 88 ÷ 8 = 11.
5. b. 35 ÷ 7 = x. x = 5. c. 45 ÷ 9 = x. x = 5. d. 54 ÷ 6 = x. x = 9.

Division Concept 2, p. 27

1. a. 1 × 99 = 99; 99 ÷ 1 = 99; 99 ÷ 99 = 1. 3. a. 5 × 50 = 250. There are total of 250 books.

b. 2 × N = 200; 200 ÷ 2 = N; 200 ÷ N = 2. b. 400 ÷ 4 = 100. Each box contained 100 apples.
c. 6 × 0 = 0; 0 ÷ 6 = 0. Impossible to do 0 ÷ 0. c. 24 ÷ 6 = 4. Each person gets 4 pieces.
d. N × 1 = 8; 8 ÷ 1 = N; 8 ÷ N = 1.
4. a. Together, they baked 64 cookies. Mom baked 16
2. more cookies than Annie. Annie had 12 cookies
Numbers Sum Difference Product Quotient per pan, and Mom had 10 cookies per pan.
12 and 3 15 9 36 4 b. In the division 42 ÷ 6 = 7, 42 is the dividend, 6 is
10 and 5 15 5 50 2 the divisor, and 7 is the quotient.
20 and 4 24 16 80 5
100 and 10 110 90 1,000 10

Eggs 6 12 24 36 42 54 66 72
Omelets 1 2 4 6 7 9 11 12

Thumbtacks 8 24 32 48 64 80 96 104
Pictures 1 3 4 6 8 10 12 13

9
Division Situations, p. 28

1. a. 18 ÷ 3 = 6. Each kid got 6 marbles. b. 100 ÷ 5 = 20. Each box contained 20 apples.
c. 20 ÷ 4 = 5 or 5 × 4 = 20. Each cow had four legs! (We knew that.)
d. 60 ÷ 3 = 20. On each shelf are 20 books.
2. a. $12 ÷ 6 = $2. Each piece costs $2. b. 24 ÷ 4 = 6. Six cookies per row.
c. $34 + x = $45. x = $11. Jim needs $11 more. d. 8 × 5 = 40. The bar has 40 pieces.
e. 14 mi + 7 mi = 21 mi. Jack ran total of 21 miles. f. 48 in ÷ 2 = 24 in. Each piece is 24 inches long.
g. 2 × $13 = $26. She had to pay a total of $26. h. $30 ÷ 5 = $6. One box of nails costs $6.
i. $100 - $45 - $15 = $40. Jack has $40 left. j. 5 × 12 lb = 60 lb. Total they weigh 60 pounds.
3. a. 6 × 10 = 60. b. 10 × 3 = N. c. 9 × 4 = x.

Divide by Ten and Hundred, p. 29

1. a. 3 × 100 = 300; 300 ÷ 100 = 3. b. 15 × 10 = 150; 150 ÷ 10 = 15.

c. 10 × 70 = 700; 700 ÷ 10 = 70. d. 100 × 90 = 9,000; 9,000 ÷ 100 = 90.
2. a. 3; 1. b. 8; 4. c. 6; 2. d. 10; 5 e. 70; 35
3. a. 50; 140; 1,190 b. 7; 23; 148 c. 600; 2,100; 5,000 d. 9; 42; 70
4. N 80 100 190 300 350 1,100 1,250 4,340 5,500 5,670
N ÷ 10 8 10 19 30 35 110 125 434 550 567

N 700 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,400 3,000 3,800 10,000 12,000 25,000
N ÷ 100 7 10 15 20 24 30 38 100 120 250

5. a. 1; 3; 2; 6. b. 10; 20; 40; 80. c. 2; 3; 4; 6. d. 10; 20; 50; 100.

Remainder, p. 30

1. b. 5 × 2 + 2 = 12; 12 ÷ 5 = 2 R2 c. 7 × 3 + 3 = 24; 24 ÷ 7 = 3 R3 d. 2 × 6 + 1 = 13; 13 ÷ 6 = 2 R1

2. a. b. c.
70 ÷ 3 = 23 R1 70 ÷ 4 = 17 R2 70 ÷ 5 = 14
71 ÷ 3 = 23 R2 71 ÷ 4 = 17 R3 71 ÷ 5 = 14 R1
72 ÷ 3 = 24 72 ÷ 4 = 18 72 ÷ 5 = 14 R2
73 ÷ 3 = 24 R1 73 ÷ 4 = 18 R1 73 ÷ 5 = 14 R3
74 ÷ 3 = 24 R2 74 ÷ 4 = 18 R2 74 ÷ 5 = 14 R4
75 ÷ 3 = 25 75 ÷ 4 = 18 R3 75 ÷ 5 = 15
76 ÷ 3 = 25 R1 76 ÷ 4 = 19 76 ÷ 5 = 15 R1
77 ÷ 3 = 25 R2 77 ÷ 4 = 19 R1 77 ÷ 5 = 15 R2
78 ÷ 3 = 26 78 ÷ 4 = 19 R2 78 ÷ 5 = 15 R3
79 ÷ 3 = 26 R1 79 ÷ 4 = 19 R3 79 ÷ 5 = 15 R4

3. a. 10; 10 R3; 9 R4; 100 R1 b. 8; 8 R3; 7 R1; 80 R5 c. 20; 20 R4; 20 R9; 21

Division Problems, p. 31

1. Answers will vary; ie: 28 ÷ 7 = 4; 40 ÷ 10 = 4; 32 ÷ 8 = 4; 16 ÷ 4 = 4.

2. Answers will vary; ie: 600 ÷ 20 = 30; 600 ÷ 6 = 100; 600 ÷ 2 = 300; 600 ÷ 600 = 1.
3. Answers will vary; ie. 39 ÷ 12 = 3 R3; 17 ÷ 5 = 3 R2; 13 ÷ 4 = 3 R1; 20 ÷ 6 = 3 R2.
4. Answers will vary; ie. 1,202 ÷ 4 = 300 R2; 901 ÷ 3 = 300 R1; 1,502 ÷ 5 = 300 R2; 3,001 ÷ 10 = 300 R1.
Do these backwards: pick a number times 300, and add something to make it to have a remainder.

10
5. a. There were 13 rows and 8 children in the last row. b. no; yes; no; no c. $3.39 d. 184 cm

6.
a. b. c. d.
500 ÷ 5 = 100 1,074 ÷ 6 = 179 4,216 ÷ 8 = 527 216 ÷ 3 = 72
505 ÷ 5 = 101 1,075 ÷ 6 = 179 R1 4,224 ÷ 8 = 528 217 ÷ 3 = 72 R1
510 ÷ 5 = 102 1,076 ÷ 6 = 179 R2 4,232 ÷ 8 = 529 218 ÷ 3 = 72 R2
515 ÷ 5 = 103 1,077 ÷ 6 = 179 R3 4240 ÷ 8 = 530 219 ÷ 3 = 73
520 ÷ 5 = 104 1,078 ÷ 6 = 179 R4 4248 ÷ 8 = 531 220 ÷ 3 = 73 R1

7. a. x = (2,505 – 1,000) ÷ 7 = 215 b. x = (1,628 – 200) ÷ 6 = 238

Estimating Division, p. 32

1. a. 210 ÷ 7 = 30; b. 648 ÷ 8 = 81; d. 502 ÷ 70 is between 5 and 10

c. 5,400 ÷ 6 = 900; d. 7,209 ÷ 9 = 801 because 70 × 5 = 350 and 70 × 10 is 700
e. 1,445 ÷ 6 is between 200 and 250
2. a. 80 ÷20 = 4; b. 120 ÷ 20 = 6; because 200 × 6 = 1,200 and 250 × 6 = 1,500;
c. 700 ÷ 35 = 20; d. 600 ÷ 30 = 20; f. 3,482 ÷ 7 is between 400 and 500
e. 450 ÷ 50 = 9; f. 360 ÷ 30 = 12; because 400 × 7 = 2,800 and 500 × 7 = 3,500;
g. 280 ÷ 40 = 7; h. 480 ÷ 60 = 8 g. 5,309 ÷ 30 is between 150 and 200
because 30 × 150 = 4,500 and 30 × 200 = 6,000;
3. b. 438 ÷ 8 is between 50 and 60 because h. 3,928 ÷ 40 is between and 90 and 100
50 × 8 = 400 and 60 × 8 = 480. because 90 × 40 = 3600 and 100 × 40 = 4000
Estimate: 438 ÷ 8 ≈ 55.
c. 429 ÷ 25 is between 10 and 20 4. a. 45; b. 34; c.158
because 10 × 25 = 250 and 20 × 25 = 500.
5. a. 56; b. 75; c. 256; d. 68

Long Division 1, p. 33

1. a. 32 b. 63 ÷ 3 = 21 c. 84 ÷ 4 = 21 d. 84 ÷ 2 = 42
2. b. 64 ÷ 3 = 21 R1 c. 87 ÷ 4 = 41 R3 d. 85 ÷ 2 = 42 R1
3. a. 42 b. 231 c. 120 d. 20 e. 33 f. 412 g. 102 R1 h. 121 R1 i. 34 R1 j. 413 R1
k. 202 l. 201 R1 m. 304 n. 120 R3 o. 111 R2 p. 210 R2

Long Division 2, p. 34

1. b. 72 ÷ 3 = 24 c. 52 ÷ 4 = 13 d. 65 ÷ 5 = 13
2. a. 24 b. 17 c. 13 d. 18 e. 13 f. 23 g. 24 h. 16 i. 13 j. 19
k. 12 l. 17 m. 112 n. 114 o. 112 p. 317

Long Division 1, p. 35

1. a. 32 b. 141 c. 203 d. 120

2. a. 211 R3 b. 34 R1 c. 122 R1 d. 22 R1 e. 310 f. 402 R1
g. 112 R2 h. 111 R2 i. 210 R2 j. 31 R2 k. 331 l. 201 R1
3. a. 8; 8 R4; 8 R7 b. 8; 8 R3; 8 R6 c. 5; 5 R4; 5 R7 d. 7; 7 R5; 7 R8

Long Division 2, p. 36

1. a. 16 b. 15 c. 24 d. 17 2. a. 19 b. 39 c. 26 d. 19 e. 26 f. 47 g. 18 h. 23

11
Long Division 3, p. 37

1. a. 115 b. 112 c. 218 d. 325 e. 113 f. 113 g. 113 h. 318

2. a. 109 b. 207 c. 108 d. 203 e. 108 f. 105 g. 205 h. 309
3. b. 209 c. 308 d. 208 e. 204 f. 105 g. 204 h. 106

Long Division 4, p. 38

1. b. 71 c. 41 d. 60 e. 41 f. 31 g. 61 h. 31
2. b. 84 c. 98 d. 44 e. 75 f. 66 g. 59 h. 18 i. 25 j. 65 k. 77 l. 54 m. 32 n. 87 o. 68 p. 62

Long Division 1, p. 39

1. a. 23; b. 73; c. 68; d. 79 4. a. $29.20; b. $16.86; c. $27.54; d. $1.24;

e. 5 books for $11.70 is the better deal.
2. a. 652; b. 283; c. 597; d. 394 Eight books are almost exactly $20, so the price of one
is close to $2.50. This makes the price of five similar
3. a. 1,398; b. 2,587; c. 1,148; d. 2,176
books $12.50 so it appears the lot of five books is
cheaper per book.
Prices per book: $2.34 and $2.46

Long Division 2, p. 40

1. a. 106 b. 209 c. 207 d. 105 3. For each problem multiply the quotient
e. 308 f. 408 g. 606 h. 409 by the divisor. ie: a. 5 × 1,023 = 5,115
2. a. 1,023 b. 2,058 c. 2,043 d. 1,085 4. a. $3.66; b. $14.97 c. $6.85; d. $7.64
e. 1,208 f. 2,409 g. 3,205 h. 1,209

Remainder 2, p. 41

1. a. 68 R2 b. 62 R3 c. 106 R3 3.a. yes; no; no

b. 33
2. a. 45 ÷ 8 = 5 R5 b. 112 ÷ 9 = 12 R4 c. yes; yes; yes; you can fit 16 chairs in a row.
c. 266 R2 d. a maximum of 13 chairs

Remainder, p. 42

1. a. 75 R5 b. 156 R3 c. 102 R2 d. 81 R6 3. Check the division you did in problem 1. using

e. 431 R1 f. 1,224 g. 692 R4 h. 272 R6 the method in problem 2.
i. 282 j. 524 R3 k. 1,235 R2 l. 818
4. The remainder is larger than the divisor.
2. When checking a division that is exact,
I simply multiply the quotient and the divisor. 5. a. Wrong; 4,006 ÷ 5 = 801 R1.
b. Correct.
When checking a division that is not exact, c. Wrong; 4,003 ÷ 2 = 2001 R1.
I multiply the quotient and the divisor, then add the remainder

Dividing Money, p. 43

1. a. 418 b. 431 c. 590 d. 143

2. a. $2.75 b. $1.41 c. $2.29 d. $14.29 e. $3.41 f. $6.04 g. $5.70 h. $12.08
3. a. Mom paid $23.75, and Terry paid $71.25.
b. The notebooks are total $7.50; one-third of that is $2.50 so she had to pay $5.
c. One-third of $420 is $140. $140 - $55 = $85.
d. Both are the exact same price ($9) after the discount.

12
Two-Digit Divisor, p. 44

1. a. 26 b. 21 c.17 d. 18 2. a. 23 b. 63 c. 44 d. 63
e.125 f. 146 g. 128 h. 249 e. 63 f. 87 g. 37 h. 61
i. 138 j. 117 k. 146 l. 117
3. a. ie: 50 × 23 = 1150

Two-Digit Divisor 1, p. 45

1. a. 36 b.19 c. 23 2. a. 39 b. 95 c. 84 d. 58
d. 29 e. 214 f. 209 e. 67 f. 53 g. 57 h. 60
g. 150 h. 351 i. 156
j. 104 k. 113 l. 136 3. ie: a. 52 × 39 = 2028

Two-Digit Divisor and Remainder, p. 46

1. a. 35 R1; b. 12 R 24; c. 6 R 34; d. 36 R.22; 3. The answer, when dividing by 10, is simply
e. 98; f. 71 R 8; g. 118 R4; h. 139 R 6 the dividend without the last digit. The last
digit of the dividend is the remainder.
2. ie: a. 35 × 21 + 1 = 736
4.. a. 2 R 4; 3 R 7; b. 54; 54 R 4;
3. a. 7 R. 4; b. 21 R 8; c. 15 R 10; d. 38 R 11; c. 96 R 5; 72; d. 200; 200 R 3;
e. 22 R 14; f. 561 R 8; g. 415 R 2; h. 679 e. 428; 432 R 8

Divisors = Factors 1, p. 47

number divisible divisible divisible divisible divisible divisible divisible divisible divisible
by 2 by 3 by 4 by 5 by 6 by 7 by 8 by 9 by 10
0 x x x x x x x x x
1
2 x
3 x
4 x x
5 x
6 x x x
7 x
8 x x x
9 x x
10 x x x
11
12 x x x x
13
14 x x
15 x x
16 x x x
17
18 x x x x
19
20 x x x x
21 x x
22 x
23
24 x x x x x
25 x
26 x
27 x x
28 x x x
29
30 x x x x x

13
Divisors = Factors 2, p. 48

number divisible divisible divisible divisible divisible divisible divisible divisible divisible
by 2 by 3 by 4 by 5 by 6 by 7 by 8 by 9 by 10
30 x x x x x
31
32 x x x
33 x
34 x
35 x x
36 x x x x x
37
38 x
39 x
40 x x x x x
41
42 x x x x
43
44 x x
45 x x x
46 x
47
48 x x x x x
49 x
50 x x x
51 x
52 x x
53
54 x x x x
55 x
56 x x x x
57 x
58 x
59
60 x x x x x x

Divisors = Factors 3, p. 49

1. a. 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, 30, 32, 34, 36, 38, 40, 42, 44, 46, 48, 50, 52, 54, 56, 58, 60.
b. 0, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32, 36, 40, 44, 48, 52, 56, 60
c. 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60.
d. 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60.
e. 1, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31, 37, 43, 47, 53, 59
3. a. 2, 3, 6 b. 2, 3, 6 Numbers divisible by 5 end in 5 or 0. Numbers divisible by 10 end in 0 .
c. 2 d. 2, 3, 6 Numbers divisible by 2 are called even numbers.
e. 2, 3, 4, 6, 12 f. 5 Numbers not divisible by 2 are called odd numbers.
24 is divisible by 6, so we say that 6 is a divisor of 24.
4. a. 6 b. 6 c. 2
d. 6 e. 12 f. 5 When I divide 54 by 6, the quotient is 9 and the remainder is 0.

14
Factors, p. 50

1. a. This picture shows that 3 and 8 are factors of 24 3. a. Yes, because 18 is divisible by 2.
b. Yes, because 45 is divisible by 5.
c. No, because 20 cannot be evenly divided into 430.
b.
d. Yes, because 7 can be divided evenly into 385.
4. a. 1, 3, 5, 15;
b. 1, 5, 25;
c. 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24 c. 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 21, 42;
d. 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 24, 48;
2. a. 2 × 18 = 36; 3 × 12 = 36;
e. 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 10, 15, 30;
6 × 6 = 36; 4 × 9 = 36; 1 × 36 = 36 ;
f. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 10, 12, 15, 20, 30, 60;
1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 9, 12, 18, 36
g. 1, 2, 4, 5, 10, 20;
b. 1 × 40 = 40; 2 × 20 = 40; h. 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32;
4 × 10 = 40; 5 × 8 = 40; i, 1, 2, 4, 5, 10, 20, 25, 50, 100
1, 2, 4, 5, 8, 10, 20, 40
c. The first four questions, no.
The last two questions, yes.
d. Try to divide 3,289 by 11. Yes.

Multiples, p. 51

1. 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49, 56, 63, 70 3. a. 6; b. 20; c. 6; d. 18; e. 28; f. 40;
25, 50, 75, 100, 125, 150 175, 200, 225, 250 g. 60; h. 24; i. 24; j. 48;
2. a. 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18; 4. a. no, for example, 6 is not.
9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 27; b. yes
Common: 6, 12, 18, 24. c. no, for example, 3 is not.
b. 15,20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45; d. no, for example, 6 is not.
12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32, 36, 40; e. yes
Common: 20, 40. f. no, for example, 9 is not.
c. 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18; g. no, for example, 4 is not.
24, 32, 40, 48, 56, 64, 72; h. no, for example, 5 and 15 are not.
Common: 8, 16, 24, 32, 40, 48, 56, 64, 72. i. yes
d. 21, 28, 35, 42, 49, 56, 63; j. 2 and 4
6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18; k. 5 and 2
Common: 14, 28, 42, 56.
5. a. every 12 years; 1962, 1974, 1986, 1998,
2010, 2022
b. In 2005.

Mystery Numbers, p. 52

a. 168 b. 12 c. 48 d. 500 e. 600 f. 36 g. 300 h. 70 i. 900 j. 26 k. 400 l. 800

m. 50 n. 63 o. 24 p. 900 q. 65

15
Greatest Common Factor, p. 53

1. a. 20: 1, 2, 4, 5, 10, 20; 2. a. 2 and 8; GCF: 2; b. 5 and 25; GCF: 5;

30: 1, 2, 3, 5, 10, 15, 30; c. GCF: 2 d. 4 and 16; GCF: 4
GCF: 10 e. GCF: 2 f. 3 and 15; GCF: 3
b. 21: 1, 3, 7, 21; If one number is a factor of the other,
30: 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 10, 15, 30; then the smaller number IS the GCF of the two.
GCF: 3
c. 28: 1, 2, 4, 7, 14, 28; 3. a. 10; b. 5; c. 10; d. 4; e. 12;
40: 1, 2, 4, 5, 8, 10, 20, 40; f. 5; g. 9; h. 6; i. 5;
GCF: 4
d. 54: 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 18, 27, 54; 4. a. 2 b. 1 c. 1 d. 1 e. 1 f. 2 g. 1 h. 1
30: 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 10, 15, 30;
GCF: 6 5. 10/20 = 1/2. 12/15 = 4/5. 8/12 = 2/3.
When writing equivalent fractions, you divide both
the numerator and the denominator by
the GCF of the two.

LCM and GCF, p. 54

1. a. 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 24, 48 3. a. 8/11 b. 21/22 c. 7/8 d. 1 13/20

b. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 10, 12, 15, 20, 30, 60 e. 12/25 f. 1 1/99 g. 2 h. 4/9
c. 1, 2, 4, 7, 14, 28
d. 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 14, 21, 42 4. Answers will vary.
e. 1, 3, 9, 11, 33, 99 For example, 5 and 6; 7 and 11; 11 and 12
f. 1, 2, 4, 7, 8, 14, 28, 56.
5. a. 6 b. 56 c. 70 d. 12
g. 1, 2, 4, 11, 22, 44
e. 40 f. 30 g. 24 h. 9 i. 20
h. 1, 2, 3, 6, 11, 22, 33, 66
i. 1, 2, 4, 5, 10, 20, 25, 50, 100 6. a. 2/3 b. 11/56 c. 41/70
d. 3/4 e. 1 1/40 f. 1 8/15
2. a. 6 b. 20 c. 11 d. 2 e. 6 f. 3 g. 1 h. 28 i. 4
7. Greatest common factor; Least common multiple

Divisibility, p. 55

If a number is divisible by 2, it is called an even number, and it ends in 0, 2, 4, 6, or 8.

If a number is not divisible by 2, it is called an odd number.
If a number is divisible by 10, it ends in 0.
If a number is divisible by 5, it ends in 0 or 5.
If a number is divisible by 10, it ends in 0, so it is ALSO divisible by 5 and 2.
1. Number by 2 by 5 by 10 Number by 2 by 5 by 10 Number by 2 by 5 by 10 Number by 2 by 5 by 10
860 x x x 865 x 870 x x x 875 x
861 866 x 871 876 x
862 x 867 872 x 877
863 868 x 873 878 x
864 x 869 874 x 879
2.
Number sum of d. by 3 by 9 division result division result
a. 771 15 yes no 771 ÷ 3 = 257 771 ÷ 9 = 85, R 6
b. 603 9 yes yes 603 ÷ 3 = 201 603 ÷ 9 = 67
c. 1,000 1 no no 1,000 ÷ 3 = 333, R 1 1,000 ÷ 9 =111, R 1
d. 8,096 23 no no 8,096 ÷ 3 = 2698, R 2 8,096 ÷ 9 = 899, R 5
e. 2,304 9 yes yes 2,304 ÷ 3 = 768 2,304 ÷ 9 = 256
f. 7,653 21 yes no 7,653 ÷ 3 = 2551 7,653 ÷ 9 = 850, R 3
What is the remainder if the number is divisible by 9? Zero
3. a. 15, 45, 75. b. 18, 36, 54. c. 90, 180, 270.

16
Divisibility, p. 56

1. a. No, because when dividing 283 by 13, there is a remainder.

b. No, because when dividing it by 7, there is a remainder.
c. Yes, since it is 13 times a number, it is divisible by 13.
d. Yes, because it has both 2 and 5 as its factors.
e. No. Its only prime factor is 3.
f. Yes, because it has 2 two times as its factor.
2.
A number is divisible... by 3 if the sum of its digits is divisible by 3.
by 2 if it ends in 0, 2, 4, 6, or 8 by 9 if the sum of its digits is divisible by 9.
by 5 if it ends in 5 or 0. by 6 if it is divisible by both 2 and 3.
by 10 if it ends in 0. by 4 if its last two digits are divisible by 4.

3.
Divisible by 2 3 4 5 6 9 10 Divisible by 2 3 4 5 6 9 10
1,755 x x x 3,548 x x
298 x 277
4,000 x x x x 237 x
3,270 x x x x x 10,999

4. Divisible by 4: Divisible by 3:

18 52 100 502 300 312 348 322 5 15 23 392 486 500 510 581
16 44 64 446 292 144 360 422 3 9 14 298 471 492 501 555
6 16 72 292 280 266 436 232 6 21 35 255 444 504 398 577
86 94 104 144 216 204 568 522 15 27 39 65 408 354 345 362
60 54 128 132 244 286 572 588 17 37 41 99 103 287 285 311
12 8 12 90 308 302 78 544 21 33 44 81 88 204 234 254
15 12 136 98 254 308 348 548 22 36 51 69 126 171 202 189
44 48 66 166 256 388 428 444 9 16 33 72 108 132 156 166

5. 32

Factors vs. Multiples, p. 57

1. a. 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, 42, 48, 54, 60 5. c. 1, 2, 4, 5, 8, 10, 20, 40
b. 45, 60, 75, 90, 105, 120, 135, 150, 165, 180 d. 1, 2, 5, 10, 25, 50
c. 1,250; 1,500; 1,750; 2,000; 2,250
6. Answers vary.
2. a. 96 b. 1,100 a. 30, 60, 90, 120, 150
b. 18, 36, 54, 72, 90, 108, etc.
3. >> 25, 50, 75, 100, 125, and 150 are multiples of 25. c. 28, 56, 84, 112, 140
>> 1, 2, 5, 10, 25, and 50 are factors of 50. d. 24, 48, 72, 96, 120
>> Each number has an infinite number of multiples.
>> Each number has a greatest factor. 7. 36
>> If a number x divides into another number y,
we say x is a factor of y. 8. Dividend is the number you're dividing.
For example, in 10 ÷ 2 = 5, 10 is the
4. a. Factors of 24: 8, 4, 24, 1, 2, 3, 6, 12 dividend. The quotient is the answer of
Multiples of 24: 240, 48, 96, 24, 120, 72, 144. a division problem.
b. Black sheep: 30. For example, in 10 ÷ 2 = 5, five is the
c. 24. quotient. The factor of a number X is a
number that divides into X, or it is a
5. a. 1, 2, 13, 26. b. 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32. number that you can divide X by it evenly.

17
Factoring, p. 58

1. a. 18 = 2 × 3 × 3 b. 6 = 2 × 3 c. 14 = 2 × 7 d. 8 = 2 × 2 × 2 e. 35 = 5 × 7 f. 20 = 2 × 2 × 5
2. No it doesn't. 24 = 3 × 2 × 2 × 2; 24 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 3; 24 = 2 × 2 × 3 × 2 - but these are all same.
3. a. 16 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 b. 45 = 3 × 3 × 5 c. 27 = 3 × 3 × 3
d. 36 = 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 e. 33 = 3 × 11 f. 40 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 5

Factoring, p. 59

1. a. 16 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 b. 24 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 c. 27 = 3 × 3 × 3 d. 25 = 5 × 5
e. 33 = 3 × 11 f. 15 = 3 × 5 g. 32 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 h. 36 = 2 × 2 × 3 × 3
i. 40 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 5 j. 72 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 k. 56 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 7 l. 42 = 2 × 3 × 7
m. 80 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 5 n. 99 = 3 × 3 × 11 o. 100 = 2 × 2 × 5 × 5

2. a. 80 = 24 × 5 b. 100 = 22 × 52 c. 99 = 32 × 11 d. 72 = 23 × 32 e. 36 = 22 × 32 f. 25 = 52
3. a. 110 b. 24 c. 72 d. 264 e. 180 f. 16 g. 117 h. 171 i. 102

Factoring, p. 60

1. a. 124 = 2 × 2 × 31 2. a. 306 = 2 × 3 × 3 × 17
b. 260 = 2 × 2 × 5 × 13 b. 189 = 3 × 3 × 7
c. 96 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 c. 225 = 3 × 3 × 5 × 5
d. 114 = 2 × 3 × 19 d. 375 = 3 × 5 × 5 × 5
e. 132 = 2 × 2 × 3 × 11 e. 990 = 2 × 3 × 3 × 5 × 11
f. 135 = 3 × 3 × 3 × 5 f. 168 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 7
g. 720 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 5
h. 153 = 3 × 3 × 17
i. 144 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 3

Prime Numbers, p. 61

1. Answers may vary. a. 50 = 5 × 10 b. 24 = 3 × 8 c. 13 = 1 × 13 d. 14 = 2 × 7 e. 22 = 2 × 11

f. 21 = 3 × 7 g. 29 = 1 × 29 h. 56 = 7 × 8 i. 0 = 3 × 0 j. 7 = 1 × 7 k. 120 = 3 × 40 l. 121 = 11 × 11
Primes: 7, 13, 29
2.
No. divisible by: No. divisible by: No. divisible by: No. divisible by:
1 1 6 1, 2, 3, 6 11 1, 11 16 1, 2, 4, 8, 16
2 1, 2 7 1, 7 12 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12 17 1, 17
3 1, 3 8 1, 2, 4, 8 13 1, 13 18 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 18
4 1, 2, 4 9 1, 3, 9 14 1, 2, 7, 14 19 1, 19
5 1, 5 10 1, 2, 5, 10 15 1, 3, 5, 15 20 1, 2, 4, 5, 10, 20

3.
No. divisible by: No. divisible by: No. divisible by: No. divisible by:
21 1, 3, 7, 21 26 1, 2, 13, 26 31 1, 31 36 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 18, 36
22 1, 2, 11, 22 27 1, 3, 9, 27 32 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32 37 1, 37
23 1, 23 28 1, 2, 4, 7, 14, 28 33 1, 3, 11, 33 38 1, 2, 19, 38
24 1, 2, 3, 6, 8, 12, 24 29 1, 29 34 1, 2, 17, 34 39 1, 3, 13, 39
25 1, 5, 25 30 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 10, 15, 30 35 1, 5, 7, 35 40 1, 2, 4, 5, 8, 10, 20, 40

List all primes between 20 and 40: 23, 29, 31, 37

4. a. example: 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 = 36.
5. a. 15 = 3 × 5 b. 14 = 2 × 7 c. 16 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 d. 20 = 2 × 2 × 5
6. True

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Primes, p. 62

1. A prime is a number that is divisible only by 1 and itself. For example 13 is only divisible by 13 and 1 so it is a
prime. A composite number is a whole number that is not a prime. It is divisible by some other number too,
besides 1 and itself. For example 12 is divisible by 6 so it is composite.
2. x 2 3 x 5 x 7 x x x
11 x 13 x x x 17 x 19 x
x x 23 x x x x x 29 x
31 x x x x x 37 x x x
41 x 43 x x x 47 x x x
x x 53 x x x x x 59 x
61 x x x x x 67 x x x
71 x 73 x x x x x 79 x
x x 83 x x x x x 89 x
x x x x x x 97 x x x

3. Check if divisible
Number Its square root Prime / Composite
by these primes:
a. 157 ≈ 12.53 2, 3, 5, 7, 11 prime
b. 187 ≈ 13.67 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13 composite (11 × 17)
c. 199 ≈ 14.11 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13 prime
d. 223 ≈ 14.93 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13 prime
e. 253 ≈ 15.91 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13 composite (11 × 23)
f. 329 ≈ 18.14 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17 composite (7 × 47)

4. 173, 179, 181

5. Two numbers are called twin primes if they both are primes and if their difference is two.
Twin primes less than 100 are:
3 & 5, 5 & 7, 11 & 13, 17 & 19, 29 & 31, 41 & 43, 59 & 61, 71 & 73.

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Divisibility Problems, p. 63

1. a. 1, 2, 3, 6, 17, 34, 51, 102. b. 1, 2, 4, 17, 34, 68.

2. a. 34, or 2 × 17. b. 66, or 2 × 3 × 11.
c. Look at all the factors these two have in common. It helps to factor them to prime factors first:
8 × 10 × 14 is actually 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 5 × 2 × 7, and 7 × 12 × 5 is actually 7 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 5.
The greatest common factor is 2 × 2 × 5 × 7 = 140.
3. a. 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 5 × 13 b. 3 × 5 × 5 × 5 × 5 × 7
4. It is not divisible by 3 or 5. It IS divisible by 4 and 8.
240 24 × 10 1 153 9 × 17 17 3×8 3
5. a. = = b. = = c. =3
960 24 × 4 × 10 4 288 9 × 32 32 7 7
15 × 6 3×5×2×3 4 78 2 × 39 39 128 4 × 32 32
d. = =1 e. = = f. = =
25 × 2 5×5×2 5 98 2 × 49 49 156 4 × 3 × 13 39

6. a. No. Remainder 2. b. No. Remainder 3. c. 592.

7. a. No. Remainder 4. b. No. Remainder 5. c. 1,484.
8. a. 781 b. 5,679 c. 4,080 d. 13,296 or 13,302
9. a. 78, 91 b. 204, 210, 216
10. Sunday. 236 ÷ 7 leaves remainder 5, so it's five days counting from Tuesday.
11. a. 264 b. 132

Order of Operations 1, p. 64

1. a. 11 b. 39 c. 40
2. a. 8 b. 13 c. 14 d. 21 e. 15 f. 7 g. 7 h. 14 i. 43 j. 35 k. 47 l. 52 m. 20 n. 10 o. 50
3. a. 40 b. 28 c. 12 d. 100 e. 40 f. 120 g. 60 h. 18 i. 120
4. a. < b. > c. > d. = e. > f. <

Order of Operations 2, p. 65

1. a. 39 b. 49 c. 55 d. 31 e. 16 f. 9 g. 17 h. 12 i. 26
3. a. 4 × 5 + 1 b. 16 − 1 × 1 c. 35 − 5 × 4 d. 3 × 7 − 7 e. 10 + 5 × 2
f. 5 × 7 + 6 g. 3 + 4 × 5 + 6 h. 9 × 3 − 5 × 2 i. 3 + 1 × 2 + 2

Order of Operations, p. 66

1. ( ) 2. multiplication /division 3. addition / subtraction

1. a. 210; 2,000 b. 3,200; 0 c. 2,800; 5,600 4. a. 600; 1,400 b. 3,500; 700

c. 300; 12,100 d. 230; 2,660
2. a. 30 b. 3 c. 3 d. 12
5. a. 10 + 100 + 140 = 250 b. 1,400 - 200 = 1,200
3. a. 100; 900 b. 4,100; 100 c. 70 × 40 = 2,800 d. 10 × (75 - 50) = 250
c. 900; 860 d. 119; 980 e. (5 + 8) × 2 = 26 f. 20 × (45 + 15) = 1,200

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Order of Operations/ Estimating, p. 67

1. a. 17; 215 b. 60; 220 c. 200; 120 d. 124; 52

2. a. ≈ 350 ÷ 5 = 70 b. ≈ 200 ÷ 4 = 50 c. ≈ 400 ÷ 8 = 50
d. ≈ 800 ÷ 20 = 40 e. ≈ 360 ÷ 6 = 60 f. ≈ 600 ÷ 20 = 30
3. a. About 1/6 of $420, which is $70. b. About 1/7th part. ($40 and $280)
c. 1/7th. The difference is $297.96. d. 1,839 e. 7,360

Part of a Whole, p. 68

1. a. $36 ÷ 3 = $12. b. 18 ÷ 2 = 9. c. 16 ÷ 4 = 4. d. 18 ÷ 6 = 3. e. 48 mi ÷ 4 = 12 mi f. $1,200 ÷ 3 = $400.

2. a. 20; 60; 110 b. 12; 110; 1,000 c. $30; 8; 9 d. 24; 7; 700
3. a. 80 lb; 160 lb b. $4; $8 c. $110; $330 d. $30; $60.
4. a. N = 9. b. 60 ÷ 5 = N; N = 12. c. 28 ÷ 4 = N; N = 7. d. 110 ÷ 11 = N; N = 10.

Part of a Whole, p. 69
2. e.
1. a. 11; 22; b. 70; 140;
c. 200; 600; d. 70; 350 Color Part Amount
2. a. 9; b. 8/20; 7/20; c. 190 d. 12; Blue 1/5 50
f. 15 hours; g. 12 cm; h. 40cm; Turquoise 1/10 25
i. $412.50; j. $743.00
White 1/2 125
Green 2/10 50

Problems with Parts, p. 70

1. a. x ÷ 7 = 20. x = 140. b. 7,500 - x = 2,000. x = 5,500.

c. 10 × N = 500. N = 50. d. x + 150 = 1,200. x = 1,050.
2. a. x = 56 b. x = 250
3. a. Timmy has 72. b. Henry owns 1,800. c. $784 is left for Daddy. d. 96 came.
e. Taxes are $870 ÷ 6 = $145. Daddy is left $870 - $145 - $128 = $597.

f. |−−−−−|−−−−−|−−−−−−−−−−| One-half or 395 people came with discount tickets.

120 275 people came with discount tickets and weren't seniors.

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Multiply/Divide Review 1, p. 71

1. a. M = 400 b. M = 80 To find 3 × 2305, multiply in parts: multiply 3 × 2000, 3 × 300,

c. X = 450 d. X = 4 and 3 × 5. Finally add all those to get 6,915.
e. N = 521 f. N = 954
Find factors that make 10. So first multiply 2×5 = 10,
g. Y = 1,947 h. Y =584
then 8 × 9 = 72, and lastly those two to get 720.
2. N = 15,000 – 4 × 1,308 = 9768
4. a. 4,828 b. 1,555 c. 120 d. 480
3. a. Wrong. 236 ÷ 5 = 47 R1
b. Correct: 3 × 658 + 1 = 1975 5. a. No; No b. 0; yes c. 24
c. Correct: 7 × 140 + 9 = 989.

Multiply/Divide Review 2, p. 72

1. a. 100 ÷ 5 = 20 4.a. x = (1,828 − 550) ÷ 6 = 213

b. 240 ÷ 60 = 4 b. x = (1,908 − 5 × 352) ÷ 2 = 74
c. 4,860 ÷ 60 = 81 c. every 12 years;
d. 110 ÷ 10 = 11 1972;1984; 1996; 2008; 2020; 2032
d. 120,000 miles
2. a. 36; b. 86; c. 145; d. 54
5. 400 ÷ 40 = 10; 400 ÷ 4 = 100
3. a. 56 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 7 400 ÷ 5 = 80; 400 ÷ 20 = 20.
b. 63 = 3 × 3 × 7
c. 72= 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 6. 22 ÷ 3 = 7 R 1; 65 ÷ 9 = 7 R 2
54 ÷ 7 = 7 R 5; 286 ÷ 40 = 7 R 6

Word Problems, p. 73

1. a. Of each 2-meter piece, a 0.7-meter piece is left over.

There are 10 such pieces, so they would form a 7-meter piece.
b. For 10 pieces to be joined, there are 9 seams. So the material lost
in the seams is 9 × 3 cm = 27 cm. Instead of 7-meter piece,
they form therefore a piece 6 m 73 cm long.
2. A car travels 54 miles per hour. Fill in the table.

Miles 9 miles 18 miles 27 miles 54 miles 108 miles 135 miles 162 miles
Time 10 min 20 min 30 min 1 hour 2 hours 2 1/2 hours 3 hours
a. 486 miles b. about 10 hours c. 1/2 hour; 15 min; 7 1/2 min; 37 1/2 min d. 8:22 AM
3.
Serves (people) 6 12 18 24 30 42 48
butter 1/2 cup 1 cup 1 1/2 cups 2 cups 2 1/2 cups 3 1/2 cups 4 cups
sugar 1 cup 2 cups 3 cups 4 cups 5 cups 7 cups 8 cups
eggs 2 3 5 6 8 11 12
flour 1 1/2 cups 3 cups 4 1/2 cups 6 cups 7 1/2 cups 10 1/2 cups 12 cups

4. Double the amounts in the last column of the table: 8 cups butter, 16 cups sugar, 24 eggs, 24 cups flour.
5. They need 34 buses.
569 / 43 = 13 R 10, so they need 14 buses to fit all the people. Four buses need to make two trips,
and six buses one trip.
A two-way trip takes 1 1/2 hours, so all total the trips take 19 1/2 hours. 19.5 × $11.50 = $224.25.
6. If one apple weighs 1/4 kg, then the 36 apples in a box weigh 9 kg. 2,350 ÷ 9 = 261.11...
so they don't quite fit in 261 boxes. He needs 262 boxes.

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