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Cma Excel

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Shreya Lakshmi Balaji
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10 views13 pages

Cma Excel

Uploaded by

Shreya Lakshmi Balaji
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as XLSX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Balance sheet

Assets = liabilities + equity

Income statement
Sales = Cost + GP
GP = Sales - Cost
cost = Sales - GP

Gross profit margin = GP/ sales


Sales = FC+ VC= GM

Cost of sales (trading)


cost of sale = OS + Purchases - CS

Cost of sales (Manf)


opening Rm
(+) purchases of RM
(-) CS RM
(=) DM used in prodn
DL
Manf O/h
Total manf cost
(+) op wip
(-) closing wip
COGM
(+) op FG
(-) closing FG
(=) COGS

Statement of changes in Equity


beg bal of R/E
(+) Net income
(-) div distributed
(+)/(-) Positive/ negative prior period adj
(=) R/E ending bal

Accounts receivable
Nrv of receivables = Gross AR - Allowance for uncollectible Accounts

Allowance for uncollectible Accounts


% of Sales method (I/s approach)
Allowance for uncollectible Accounts = Estiamted % * credit sales

% of receivables (b/s approach)


allowance for uncollectible accounts = Estimated % AR
Reconcillaition of beg and ending bal of Allowance for Uncollevtible AR
beg bal of Uncollectible accoungs
(+) Bad debt for period
(-) AR w/o
(-) Colllection of AR previosuly w/o
(=) Ending bal for UA

Reconcillaition of beg and ending bal of Gross AR


Beg bal of Ar
(+) credit sales
(-) cash collected
(-) AR w/o
(=) Ending AR

Inventory
COGS = os (+) purchases (-) Cs

Measurement of inventory
LCM (GAAP)
Market = between of
celeing = Sales - cost of completion and disposal
floor = Ceiling - profit margin
Current replacement cost

IFRS - LCNRV

Depreciation
Straight line - depreciable base/ useful life

units of output method - dep per unit * no. of units produced

Declining balance method - carrrying amt * declining bal %

Sum of years Digit method - [n(n + 1)] ÷ 2

Impairement
carrying amt - FV

Percentage-ofcompletion method

Contract price
− Costs actually incurred to date
− Costs expected to be incurred in the future
= Expected profit (loss) on the project 1

Total Costs Incurred to Date (including prior periods)


Costs Incurred to Date + Estimated Cost to Complete 2
1*2 3

Completed contract method


Expected Profit × Percentage Complete = Total Profit to Be Recognized to Date – Profit Previously Recognized = Profit to Recog
ognized = Profit to Recognize This Period
Break even sales = FC/ CM%

learning curve Analysis


total time to produce all units

Units Total hrs Avg hrs


Double of 1st * learning % Total/ units

Exponential Smoothing
Ft = Ft-1 + Alpha(At-1 - Ft-1)
Ft - new forecast
Ft-1 - Previous period forecast
At-1 - previous period actual dd
Alpha - Smoothing constant
Static Budget-= Budgested qty * budgeted price

Flexible - Actual qty * budgeted price

Actual - Actaul qty * actual price

Static Budget Variance - Actual - static

Flexible Budget variance - Actual - Flexible

Sales Volume Variance - ( AQ - SQ) SP

Sale price Variance - ( AP - SP) AQ

Dm Price Variance - (Sp - Ap)AQ

DM qty Variance - (SQ- AQ)SP

Sales Price variance - ((Sp - Ap)AQ

Manf o/h variances


Fixed 0/h
SQ * Fixed o/h rate - Fixed Actual

1) Spending - Budget - actual


2) PVV - Applied costs − Master budget costs applied - actual units produced * std hrs req * std o

Variable o/h
SQ * V/oh - Actual variable o/h

1) Spending - (Actual activity used × Standard rate) − Actual costs

2) Efficiency - (SQ- AQ) * V/oh rate

mix variances

Material mix
AQ * Actual mix * std price
AQ * budgeted mix * std price

Yield variance
AQ * Budgeted mix * SP
SQ * Budgeted mix * SP

Sales Mix variance


AQ * std mix * Sc/ unit
AQ * actual mix * Sc/ unit

Sales qty variance


AQ * std mix * SC/ unit
SQ * std mix * SC/ unit

Controllable margin
Contribution margin - Controllabe FC

Contribution by strategic busines unit


Controllable margin - Non controllable, traceable FC

Return on investment
Income/ Assets (investment)

Residual income
operating income before taxes - (assets * req rate of return)
s produced * std hrs req * std o/h rate
variable portion of mixed cost using high low method
Cost of Highest act level - Cost of lowest act level
Highest act level - Lowest act level

Total vc = Vc per unit * activity level

Absorption costing
Sales
less Cogs Product costs
gross margin Dm
less SG&A DL
Operating income M/oh (f and v)

Variable costing product costs


Sales DM
cogs L
Variable expemses M/o (V)
Contribution Margin
less fixed production costs
less fixed SG&A
operating income

prodn = Sales - Absorption = variable


prodn > Sales - Absorption > variable
prodn < Sales - Absorption < variable

job order costing


Application rate for Factory O/H
Estimated O/H / estimated qty of allocation base

Process costing
Units in beg WIP = transferred in = Units in ending WIP - completed/ transferred out

Weighted avg
units completed (completed - beg)
ending Wip

FiFO
beg wip
started and completed
ending wip

Value of WIP
WIP Closing inv * % completion for mat * mat cost per unit as per Weighted avg + WIP cl inv *% completion for conv

Value of Fg
FG * mat cost per unit as per Weighted avg + FG * conversion cost per unit as per Weighted avg

joint cost allocation


Physical Measure - qty of A/ total qty * JC

Sales value at split off


Sales value of A/ total sales Value * JC

Nrv
NRV of A/ total NRV * JC

Gross margin %
GP % - GP/sales * 100
Cost = sales - GP
JC = Total cost - seperable cost

By product - jc - nrv of by product, allocted to other units normally


MATERIALS

EUP for materials will include not only units


started this period, but also the number of
Cost - Beg + Added units in BWIP
Eu

under FIFO when all materials are added at


the beginning of the process. The EUP is
equal to the number of units started during
the period
Cost during period
Eu

P cl inv *% completion for conversion costs * conversion cost per unit as per Weighted avg
Conversion

units
completed
and units
started that
were in EWIP
at the end of
the period.

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