CHAPTER - 20 HEIGHT AND DISTANCE Exercise - 20.1 1. An electric pole is 10 metres high. If its shadow is 103 metres in length, find the elevation of the sum. Solution: Consider AB as the pole and OB as its shadow. It is given that AB = 10 m, OB = 10V3 mand @ is the angle of elevation of the sum. We know that AB ng = 28 tan6=7, Substituting the values =20 24 tnd = a= So we get tan 30° = 8 = 30°10m Z) 0 ° B 10V3 m 2. The angle of elevation of the top of a tower from a point on the ground and at a distance of 150 m from its foot is 30°. Find the height of the tower correct to one place of decimal. Solution: Consider BC as the tower and A as the point on the ground such that 2A = 30° and AC 150m A a 150m Take x m as the height of the tower We know that BC tan@ =— aCSubstituting the values 50 By cross multiplication tes We is0 So we get = 150 3 Multiplying and dividing by V3 _ (150xv3) * x3), By further calculation x= 1508 = 50/3 m Substituting the value of V3 x = 50(1.732) x = 86.600m x = 86.6m 3. A ladder is placed against a wall such that it reaches the top of the wall. The foot of the ladder is 1.5 metres away from the wall and the ladder is inclined at an angle of 60° with the ground. Find the height of the wall. Solution: Consider AB as the wall and AC as the ladder whose foot C is 1.5 m awat from BTake AB = x mand angle of inclination is 60° A x cf 1.5m 78 q We know that tan@ = S Substituting the values oe tan 60' =i5 So we get =~ V3= 75 By cross multiplication x =V3x15 =1732x15 x = 2.5980 = 2.6 Hence, the height of wall is 2.6 m. 4. What is the angle of clevation of the sun when the length of the shadow of a vertical pole is equal to its height? Solution:Consider AB as the pole and CB as its shadow 0 is the angle of elevation of the sun Take AB = x mand BC=x m We know that tang = 48 =*=4 cB Ox So we get tan45°=1 @=45° A xm ca Op xm Hence, the angle of elevation of the sun 45°. 5. A river is 60 m wide. A tree of unknown height is on one bank. The angle of elevation of the top of the tree from the point exactly opposite to the foot of the tree on the other bank is 30°. Find the height of the tree. Solution: Consider AB as the tree and BC as the width of the riverC is the point which is exactly opposite to B on the other bank and 30° is the angle of elevation ca Op 60m Take height of the tree AB = x m Width of the river BC = 60 m We know that tang = 2 cB Substituting the value tan30° == 60 So we get By cross multiplication 60 x== v3 Multiplying and dividing by V3 _ 60 v3 x= B x Bx = 983 _ 203 v3 Substituting the value of V3 x = 20(1.732) x = 34.640 x = 34.64m Hence, the height of the tree is 34.64 m 6. From a point P on level ground, the angle of elevation of the top of a tower is 30°. If the tower is 100 m high, How far is P from the foot of the tower? Solution: Consider AB as the tower and P is at a distance of x m from B which is the foot of the tower. Height of the tower = 100 m Angle of elevation = 30° A 100m pa Ops x We know that tang = cBSubstituting the value tan 30° = 12° x So we get +10 VB Ox By cross multiplication x = 100V3 x = 100(1.732) = 173.2m Hence, the distance of P from the foot of the tower is 173.2 m. 7. From the top of a cliff 92 m high, the angle of depression of a buoy is 20°. Calculate to the nearest metre, the distance of the buoy from the foot of the cliff. Solution: Consider AB as the cliff whose height is 92 m C is buoy making depression angle of 20° < 92m cd We know thatZACB = 20° Take CB= xm Ina right angle triangle ABC cota = 26 AB Substituting the values x cot20° == 92 By cross multiplication x = 92 x cot20° So we get x = 92x 2.7475 x = 252.7700 m Hence, the distance of the buoy from the foot of the cliff is 252.77 m. 8. A boy is flying a kite with a string of length 100 m. If the string is tight and the angle of elevation of the kite is 26°32’, find the height of the kite correct to one decimal place, (ignore the height of the boy). Solution: Consider AB as the height of the kite A and AC as the string Angle of elevation of the kite = 26°32”100m cma Op Take AB = x mand AC= 100m We know that ing = 48 sin@ = ic Substituting the values sin 26°32’ =~ 100 So we get 0.4467 == 100 By further calculation x = 100 x 0.4467 x = 44.67 = 44.7m Hence, the height of the kite is 44.7 m. 9. An electric pole is 10 m high. A steel wire tied to the top of the pole is affixed at a point on the ground to keep the pole upright. If the wire makes an angle of 45° with the horizontal through the foot of the pole, find the length of the wire. Solution:Consider AB as the pole and AC as the wire which makes an angle of 45° with the ground. Height of the pole AB = 10m Consider x m as the length of wire AC A 5 10m Z) O c B We know that sing = AC Substituting the values sin4se = 2 x So we get 1 10 an x By cross multiplication x=1414 Hence, the length of the wire is 14.14 m.10. A bridge across a river makes an angle of 45° with the river bank. If the length of the bridge across the river is 200 metres, what is the breadth of the river? Solution: Consider AB as the width of river = x m Length of bridge AC = 200 m Angle with the river bank = 45° We know that sing = 2 Substituting the values sin45° == 200 So we get 1. v2 200 By cross multiplication 00 xaoRMultiplying and dividing by V2 = 200 8 By further calculation 200(4.414) x = oes) x = 100(1.414) =1414m Hence, the breadth of the river is 141.4 m. 11. A vertical tower is 20 m high. A man standing at some distance from the tower knows that the cosine of the angle of elevation of the top of the tower is 0.53. How far is he standing from the foot of the tower? Solution: Consider AB as the tower Take a man C stands at a distance x m from the foot of the tower cos @ = 0.53 20mWe know that Height of the tower AB = 20m cos 8 = 0.53 So we get 6 = 58° Let us take AB tan@ =—_ cB Substituting the values tan 58° = x So we get 1.6003 = @ x By cross multiplication 20 x= 1.6003 x=1249=125m Hence, the height of the tower is 12.5 m. 12. The upper part of a tree broken by wind falls to the ground without being detached. The top of the broken part touches the ground at an angle of 38°30’ at a point 6 m from the foot of the tree. Calculate @ The height at which the tree is broken. (ii) The original height of the tree correct to two decimal places. Solution:Consider TR as the total height of the tree TR as the broken part which touches the ground at a distance of 6 m from the foot of the tree which makes an angle of 38°30’ with the ground Take PR =x and TR=x+y PQ=PT=y In right triangle PQR tang = PQ Substituting the values tan 38°30’ = = 6 = = 0.7954 6 By cross multiplication x = 0.7954 x 6 = 4.7724 We know that- PR sind =~ PQ Substituting the values sin 38°30’ == y So we get 0.6225 = £7724 = 47724 _ 7.6665 0.6225 Here Height of the tree = 4.7724 + 7.6665 = 12.4389 = 12.44 m Height of the tree at which it is broken = 4.77 m 13. An observer 1.5 m tall is 20.5 metres away from a tower 22 metres high. Determine the angle of elevation of the top of the tower from the eye of the observer. Solution: In the figure, AB is the tower and CD is ab observer 0 is the angle of observation22m It is given that AB=22m CD=15m Distance BD = 20.5 m From the point C construct CE parallel to DB AE = 22-15=20.5m CE=DB=20.5m AE tand =— Substituting the values 205 tan6 = =1 208 @= 45° 14,@ In the adjoining figure, the angle of elevation from a point P of the top of a tower QR, 50 m high is 60° and that of the tower PT from a point Q is 30°. Find the height of the tower PT, correct to the nearest metre. (ii) Froma boat 300 metres away from a vertical cliff, the angles of elevation of the top and the foot of a vertical concrete pillar at the edge of the cliff are 55°40’ and 54°20’ respectively. Find the height of the pillar correct to the nearest metre. A PILLAR Solution: Consider CB as the cliff and AC as the pillar Das the boat which is 300 m away from the foot of the cliff BD = 300 m Angle of elevation of the top and foot of the pillar are 55°40” and 54°20° Take CB =x and AC=y Ina right triangle CBD tan@ = s Substituting the values 070! — tan 54°20 = 300So we get 1.3933 == 300 By cross multiplication x = 300 x 1.3933 x =41799m In a right triangle ABD AB tan@ =— BD Substituting the values Y= 1.4641 300 By cross multiplication x+y = 1.4641 x 300 = 439.23 Substituting the value of x y = 439.23 — 417.99 = 21.24m= 21m Hence, the height of pillar is 21 m. 15. Froma point P on the ground, the angle of elevation of the top of a 10 m tall building and a helicopter hovering over the top of the building are 30° and 60° respectively. Find the height of the helicopter above the ground. Solution: Consider AB as the building and H as the helicopter hovering over it P is a point on the ground Angle of elevation of the top of building and helicopter are 30° and 60°Jom Le p Ax O, We know that Height of the building AB = 10 m Take PA=x mand BH=hm In right triangle ABP tan@ = ; Substituting the values jo — 4B _ 10 tan 30' =tan So we get 4+” VB ox x = 10V3m In right triangle APH tan 60° = “4 PA tan6o° = 2” x So we get,_ Goth) B= By further calculation 10V3 x V3 =10 +h 30=10+h h = 30-10 =20 Height of the helicopter from the ground = 10 + 20 = 30 m 16. An aeroplane when flying at a height of 3125 m from the ground passes vertically below another plane at an instant when the angles of elevation of the two planes from the same point on the ground are 30° and 60° respectively. Find the distance between the two planes at the instant. Solution: Consider the distance between two planes = h m It is given that AD = 3125 m, ZACB = 60° and ZACB = 30° > v<350 Fon--> 3125m b<--- Fe] fy ieIn triangle ACD tan 30° = 2 AC Substituting the values _ 3125 = (1) In triangle ABC tan 60° = Substituting the values _ (AD+DB) v3= AC So we get _ (9125+h) v3 ~ AC S+h) AC = oa ... (2) Using both the equations Cee? = 3125V3 Bn further calculation h = (3125V3 x V3) — 3125 h = 3125 x 3— 3125 h = 9375 — 3125 h = 6250m Therefore, the distance between two planes at the instant is 6250 m.17. A person standing on the bank of a river observes that the angle subtended by a tree on the opposite bank is 60°, when he retires 20 m from the bank, he finds the angle to be 30°. Find the height of the tree and the breadth of the river. Solution: Consider TR as the tree and PR as the width of the river. T om ZL) Or -— 20m ———4p Take TR = x and PR=y In right triangle TPR TR tan@ =— PR Substituting the values tan 60° = * y So we get va=% y x=yv3 (1) In right triangle TOR tan 30° = & ORot tan 30' = Gn We get 1 x WB #20) = .Q) Using both the equations — (+20) man g als we get 3y =y+20 3y-y =20 2y = 20 y=10 Now substituting the value of y in equation (1) x = 10 x V3 = 10(1.732) = 17.32 Hence, the height of the tree is 17.32 m and the width of the river is 10 m. 18. The shadow of a vertical tower on a level ground increases by 10 m when the altitude of the sun changes from 45° to 30°. Find the height of the tower, correct to two decimal places. Solution: In the figure AB is the tower BD and BC are the shadow of the tower in tow situations Consider BD = x mand AB=hmZa) Zz) Oo A 10m B x R In triangle ABD tan45° =" x So we get 1=" x h=x we A) In triangle ABC oh tan 30' = Guo So we get 1 h Ya G10) Using equation (1) hV3 =h+10 h(v3 — 1) = 10 We know that__ 10 Wy) It can be written as ___[r0(v3+1)] ~ [W3-1)03+1)] By further calculation he (aoe) So we get h=5(1.73 +1) h=5x2.73 h = 13.65 m Therefore, the height of the tower is 13.65 m. 19, From the top of a hill, the angles of depression of two consecutive kilometer stones, due east are found to be 30° and 45° respectively. Find the distance of two stones from the foot of the hill. Solution: Consider A and B as the position of two consecutive kilometer stones Here AB = 1 km= 1000 m Take distance BC = x m Distance AC = (1000 + x) mHill (1000 + x)m In right angled triangle BCD 2 = tan4s° BC So we get Bai BC CD =BC =x In right angled triangle ACD Dc AC = tan 30° xa (+1000) V3 By cross multiplication 3x =x + 1000 (v3 — 1)x = 1000_ 1000 Wea) We can write it as _ [1000 (v342) = lee * Wan) “Por x = 500(1.73 + 1) So we get x = 500 x 2.73 x = 1365m Here the distance of first stone from the foot of hill = 1365 m Distance of the second stone from the foot of hill = 1000 + 1365 = 2365 m. 20. A man observes the angles of elevation of the top of a building to be 30°. He walks towards it in a horizontal line through its base. On covering 60 m the angle of elevation changes to 60°. Find the height of the building correct to the nearest decimal place. Solution: It is given that AB is a building CD = 60mO CS C <6m—>D In triangle ABC tan 60° = BC y3-%2 ~ BC So we get = 48 CWB In triangle ABD tan30° = & BD 1__ 4B v3 (BC+60) By cross multiplication BC + 60 = V3 AB BC = V3 AB - 60 Using both the equations we get AB = V3 AB — 60 By further calculationAB = 3AB — 60¥3 3AB — AB = 60 x 1.732 So we get AB = (60x1,732) 2 AB =51.96m 21. Ata point on level ground, the angle of elevation of a vertical lower is found to be such that its tangent is =. On walking 192 m towards the tower, the tangent of the angle is found to be = Find the height of the tower. Solution: Consider TR as the tower and P as the point on the ground such that tang == tana == aie PQ=192m Take TR =x and QR=y 192m QIn right triangle TQR TR _ x tang =— == QR oy So we get 3 i= x y y= In right triangle TPR tang == PR Substituting the values 5 x 12 ~ Gri92) +192)5 xe = 4192) 12 Using both the equations (Se+192)5 12 So we get x= 9x+80 x—2x=80 9 4x = 80 9 By further calculation _ (80x9) _ = 180 4 Hence, the height of the tower is 180 m.22. In the figure, not drawn to scale, TF is a tower. The elevation of T from A is x° where tanx = z and AF = 200 m. The elevation of T form B, where AB = 80 m, is y°. Calculate: (@) The height of the tower TF. (ii) The angle y, correct to the nearest degree. T x Ama 2) Of +— 80m —4B -—— 200m —————4 Solution: Consider the height of the tower TF = x It is given that tanx 2, AF = 200 m.AB = 80m (i) Inright triangle ATF tanx® == aF Substituting the values So we get(2x200) = 400 “5 x=80m Hence, the height of tower is 80 m. (i) Inright triangle TBF. Substituting the values 80 tany = (200-80) 80 tany = Tz0 = = 0.6667 tany 3 So we get y = 33°41' = 34° 23. From the top of a church spire 96 m high, the angles of depression of two vehicles on a road, at the same level as the base of the spire and on the same side of it are x° and y°, where tan x° = 1 eal q and tan y' =F Solution: Consider CH as the height of the church A and B are two vehicles which make an angles of depression x° and y° from CTake AH = x and BH=y In a right triangle CBH o _ CH _ 96 tanx® =— =— AH y Substituting the values 196 4 y So we get y =96 x4 = 384m In right triangle CAH o _ cH tany’ =, Substituting the values 1% 7 xSo we get x=96X7=672m Here AB=x-y AB = 672-384 AB = 288m 24. In the adjoining figure, not drawn to the scale, Ab is a tower and two object C and D are located on the ground, on the same side of AB. When observed from the top A of the tower, their angles of depression are 45° and 60°. Find the distance between the two objects. If the height of the tower is 300. Give your answer to the nearest metre. Solution: Consider CB = x and DB=y AB = 300m In right triangle ACDAB tan@ = — cB Substituting the values tan 45° = 20 x _ 300 x 1 So we get x= 300m In right triangle ADB AB tan@ =—_ DB Substituting the values tan 60° = 222 = 300 VB= y By further calculation _ 300 v3 Multiply and divide by V3 = 200 V3 __ 300v3 v3 V3 8 So we get y = 100 x 1.732 = 173.2m Here CD =x —y = 300 — 173.2 = 126.8 = 127m Hence, the distance between two objects is 127 m.25. The horizontal distance between two towers is 140 m. The angle of elevation of the top of the first tower when seen from the top of the second tower is 30°. If the height of the second tower is 60 m, find the height of the first tower. Solution: Consider the height of the first tower TR = x It is given that Height of the second tower PQ = 60 m Distance between the two towers QR = 140 m Construct PL parallel to QR LR=PQ=60m PL=QR= 140m So we get TL=(x—60)mIn right triangle TPL TL tang =— PL Substituting the values tan 30° = 2 140 So we get _ (60) 2 v3 140 By further calculation 140 x-60=—F Multiply and divide by V3 _ 140) v3 _ 1403 x—-60=-FXE= 3 We get x= 48 4 60 x= oso 732) +60 x = 80.83 + 60 x = 140.83 Hence, the height of first tower is 140.83 m. 26. As observed from the top of a 80 m tall light house, the angles of depression of two ships on the same side of the light house in horizontal line with its base are 30° and 40° respectively. Find thedistance between the two ships. Give your answer correct to the nearest metre. Solution: Consider AB as the light house and C and D as the two ships. A 80m 2) LZ oO B p S In triangle ADB tan30° = & BD Substituting the values 1 _ 80 Va BD So we get BD = 80V3 wn (Ql) In triangle ACB tan 40° = 2 Substituting the values 0.84 = Bc So we getBc = 2° = 95.25 0.04 Here we get DC=BD-BC DC = 138.4 95.25 = 43.15 Therefore, the distance between the two ships is 43.15 m. 27. The angle of elevation of a pillar from a point A on the ground is 45° and from a point B diametrically opposite to A and on the other side of the pillar is 60°. Find the height of the pillar, given that the distance between A and B is 15 m. Solution: Consider CD as the pillar of x m Angles of elevation of points A and B are 45° and 60° Cc Z) A A 7 s rm 15m ——— B It is given that AB=15mTake AD = y DB=15-y In right triangle CAD co tan@ =— AD Substituting the values tan 45° =~ y x=y we (1) In triangle CDB ok tan 60° = a Substituting the values Va=— (as-y) So we get x = V3(15-y) wes (2) Using both the equations x = ¥3(15 —y) x = 15v3 — v3x So we get x + 3x = 15V3 x(1+ V3) = 15v315v3 Gna) We can write it as x= __ (15%1.732) ~~ (141.732) _ 25.98 ~ 2.732 x=951 Hence, the height of the pillar is 9.51 m. 28. From two points A and B on the same side of a building, the angles of elevation of the top of the building are 30° and 60° respectively. If the height of the building is 10 m, find the distance between A and B correct to two decimal places. Solution: D 10m AOA Oe B In triangle DBC tan 60° = 2° BC Substituting the valuesIn triangle DBC o ___10 tan 30° = (BC+AB) Substituting the values 1 10 4x 10[5+ a5] By further calculation 1 [10 alet 48] =10 So we get = ie AB = 10V3 — = Talking LCM AB = 2 AB = 28 So we get AB = (20x1.732) 3 AB = 20 x 0.577 AB = 11.540m Hence, the distance between A and B is 11.54 m.29. @ The angles of depression of two ships A and B as observed from the top of a light house 60 m high are 60° and 45° respectively. If the two ships are on the opposite sides of the light house, find the distance between the two ships. Give your answer correct to the nearest whole number. (ii) An aeroplane at an altitude of 250 m observes the angles of depression of two boats on the opposite banks of a river to be 45° and 60° respectively. Find the width of the river. Write the answer correct to the nearest whole number. Solution: (i) Consider AD as the height of the light house CD = 60 m Take AD = x mand BD=ym In triangle ACD oe = oD tan 60° = 7 Substituting the values v3=% xSo we get _ 60 x8 Multiply and divide by V3 = 29 43 _ S0v8 XB BG x = 20x 1.732 = 34.64m In triangle BCD tan4se = 2 BD Substituting the values 1=% y y=60m Here the distance between two ships = x + y = 34.64 + 60 =94.64m =95m (ii) In triangle OMA M tan 45° = OM AM Substituting the values = 250 z 1 So we get x=250mIn triangle OMB tan 60° = 7° y Substituting the values ye= 22 y So we get ee V3 173 y = 144.34 Here Width of the river = x + y Substituting the values = 250 + 144.34 = 394.34 m30. From a tower 126 m high, the angles of depression of two rocks which are in a horizontal line through the base of the tower are 16° and 12°20’. Find the distance between the rocks if they are on @ The same side of the tower. (ii) The opposite sides of the tower. Solution: Consider CD as the tower of height = 126 m A and B are the two rocks on the same line Angles of depression are 16° and 12°20” c 126m p22 LD Es A x» y Cc Z) d EX s y D x A In triangle CAD tang =2 ADSubstituting the values tan 16° = 2% x 0.2867 = 26 x So we get _ 126 0.2867 x = 439.48 In right triangle CBD tan 12°20’ = 26 y So we get 0.2186 = 28 y 225 = 576.40 ~ 0.2186 (i) Inthe first case On the same side of the tower AB =BD- AD AB=y-x Substituting the values AB=BD+AD AB=y+x Substituting the values AB = 576.40 + 439.48 AB = 1015.88 m31. Aman 1.8 m high stands at a distance of 3.6 m from a lamp post and casts a shadow of 5.4 m on the ground. Find the height of the lamp post. Solution: Consider AB as the lamp post CD is the height of man BD is the distance of man from the foot of the lamp FD is the shadow of man Construct CE parallel to DB 5.4m D 3.6m. Take AB =x andCD= 1.8m EB=CD=1.8m AE=x—-18 Shadow FD = 5.4m In right triangle ACE AE tan@ =— cESubstituting the values (x-1.8) tan@ = 36 . (1) In right triangle CFD =i8_1 tang= 55 .. 2) Using both the equations (x-18) 1 Be So we get 3x—-5.4 = 3.6 3x =36+54=9.0 By division x=2=3.0 3 Hence, the height of lamp post is 3 m. 32. The angles fo depression of the top and the bottom of an 8 m tall building from the top of a multistoried building are 30° and 4504 respectively. Find the height of tire multi-storied building and the distance between the two buildings, correct to two decimal places. Solution: Consider AB as the height and CD as the building The angles of depression from A to C and D are 30° and 45° ZACE = 30° and ZADB = 45° CD=8m Take AB = h and BD =xFrom the point C Construct CE parallel to DB CE=DB=x EB=CD=8m AR =AB-EB=h-—8 In right triangle ADB 4B tang == Substituting the values tan45e =" x So we get 1=" xx=h In right triangle ACE tan30° = cE Substituting the values 1 _ (hs) v3 h By further calculation h = V3h— 8V3 So we get V3h — h = 8V3 h(v3 — 1) = 8V3 hy Multiply and divide by V3 + 1 = Ey, (541) ~ 5-1) * 05-1) ate Here h= SH. 78) h=4x 4,732 h= 18.928 h=18.93m HereHeight of multistoried building = 18.93 m Distance between the two buildings = 18.93 m 33. A pole of height 5 m is fixed on the top of a tower. The angle of elevation of the top of the pole as observed from a point A on the ground is 60° and the angle fo depression of the point A from the top of the tower is 45°. Find the height of the tower. (Take V3 = 1.732) Solution: Consider QR as the tower PQas the pole on it Angle of elevation from P to a point A is Z2PAR = 60° Angle of depression from Q to A = 45° Here ZQAR = 45° Which is the alternate angle PQ=Sm Take QR=hm PQ=5+hIn right triangle QAR tang = aR Substituting the values tan45° =4 aR So we get h AR AR=h In right triangle PAR tan 60° = 2 Substituting the values — (Sth) V3= h So we get V3h=5+h h(V3-1) =5 A(1.732—-1) =5By further calculation 0.732h=5 h = = 5000 0.732 732 h= 683 Hence, the height of the tower is 6.83 m. 34. A vertical pole and a vertical tower are on the same level ground. From the top of the pole the angle of elevation of the top of the tower is 60° and the angle of depression of the foot of the tower is 30°. Find the height of the tower if the height of the pole is 20 m. Solution: Consider TR as the tower PLas the pole on the same level Ground PL = 20 m From the point P construct PQ parallel to LR ZTPQ = 60° and ZQPR = 30° Here ZPRL = ZQPR = 30° Which are the alternate angles Take LR = x and TR=h TQ=TR-— QR =(h—20) mpean Laoe L In right triangle PRL PL tan@ =— IR Substituting the values tan 30° = 2 x So we get 4-20 veo x x = 20V3m In right triangle PQT tan 60° = 22 PQ Substituting the values _ (h-20) B=V3= (h=20) 20VE By cross multiplication 20V3 x V3 = h— 20 20x 3 =h-20 h=60+20=80m Hence, the height of the tower is 80 m. 35. From the top of a building 20 m high, the angle of elevation of the top of a monument is 45° and the angle of depression of its foot is 15°. Find the height of the monument. Solution: Consider AB as the building where AB = 20 m CD as the monument where CD = x m Take the distance between the building and the monument as y S In right triangle BCDtan@ =— BD Substituting the values tan45° =* y 4=2 -y x=y w (1) In right triangle ABD AB _ 20 tan15° = =— BD x Substituting the values 20 0.2679 So we get 20 0.2679 = 74.65 m Hence, the height of the monument is 74.65 m. 36. The angle of elevation of the top of an unfinished tower at a point distant 120 m from its base is 45°. How much higher must the tower be raised so that its angle of elevation at the same point may be 60°? Solution: Consider AB as the unfinished tower where AB = 120 m Angle of elevation = 45° Take x be higher raised so that the angle of elevation become 60° BC=yA 120m ki, ec) Oy y In right triangle ABC tang = cB Substituting the values o = AB _ 120 tan 45' = ary So we get 7 y y=120m In right triangle DBC tan 60° = 22 we Substituting the values _ (2042) v3 420 120V3 = 120+x x = 120V3 — 120 x = 120(v3 -1)So we get x = 120(1.732 — 1) x = 120(0.732) x = 87.84m Hence, the tower should be ra at 87.84 m. 37. In the adjoining figure, the shadow of a vertical tower on the level ground increases by 10 m, when the altitude of the sun changes from 45° to 30°. Find the height of the tower and give your 1 answer, correct to of a metre. —) oy Oo -—10m — Solution: Consider TR as the tower where TR = h BR=x AB= 10m Angles of elevation from the top of the tower at A and B are 30° and 45°hm a LD) o A }—— 10m ——1B8 x R In right triangle TAR. tang == AR Substituting the values o h tan30° = Gop So we get 1 h V3 Gor _ (ao+x) hase Ql) In triangle TBR TR _h tan45° = — =— BR x So we get i=" x x=h .. (2) Using both the equation _ 04x) hawBV3h=10+h By further calculation V3h -h = 10 (1.732 — 1h = 10 0.732 = 10 n=" = 13.66 0732 Hence, the height of the tower is 13.7 m. 38. An aircraft is flying at a constant height with a speed of 360 km/h. From a point on the ground, the angle of elevation of the aircraft at an instant was observed to be 45°. After 20 seconds, the angle of elevation was observed to be 30°. Determine the height at which the aircraft flying. (Use V3 = 1.732) Solution: It is given that Speed of aircraft = 360 km/h _ (360x20) _ Distance covered by the aircraft in 20 seconds = =2km (60x60) Consider E as the fixed point on the ground CD as the position of AB in height of aircraftA 2km c 4 E Take AB=CD=h km In right triangle ARB AB tan@ =— EB Substituting the values tan45° = 4 EB EB=h Here ED=EB+BD=h+2km In right triangle CED tan30° = 2 =D Substituting the values 1 h Va (eta)V3h=h+2 1.732h-h=2 0.732h = 2 We know that 2 km = 2000 m = 2000 0732 2000%21000 n= ) 2732m 732CHAPTER TEST 1. The angle of elevation of the top of a tower from a point A (on the ground) is 30°. On walking 50 m towards the tower, the angle of elevation is found to be 60°. Calculate (i) The height of the tower (correct to one decimal place) (ii) The distance of the tower from A. Solution: Consider TR as the tower and A as the point on the ground Angle of elevation of the top of tower = 30° AB = 50m Angle of elevation form B = 60° Take TR = hand AR=x BR=x-50 ; h ees fe Tl, In right triangle ATR TR tan =— ARSubstituting the values tan30° =" x So we get 1 h Vio x x =v3h .() In triangle BTR TR tan@ =— BR Substituting the values ot fh tan 60° = — 5 So we get va=— (x-50) h=V3(x—50) ... (2) Using both the equation h = ¥3(V3h — 50) By further calculation h = 3h—50V3 2h = 50V3 h = 25y3 So we get h = 25x 1.732 = 433 Now substituting the values of A in equation (1)x = V3 x 25v3 x=25x3 x=75 Here Height of the tower = 43.3 m Distance of A from the foot of the tower = 75 m. 2. An aeroplane 3000 m high passes vertically above another aeroplane at an instant when the angles of elevation of the two aeroplane from the same point on the ground are 60° and 45° respectively. Find the vertical distance between the two planes. Solution: Consider A and B as the two aeroplane Pisa point on the ground such that 60° and 45° are the angles of elevations from A and B AC = 3000 m Take AC = 3000 m BC =3000-x PC=y3000 - x In right triangle APC AC tan@ =~ PC Substituting the values tan 60° = 2008 So we get 3000 v3 =—— y 3000 ya (1) In right triangle BPC BC tan@ = — PC Substituting the values tan 45° = S000) y So we get_ (3000-x) y y = 3000-x Using equation (1) 1 By further calculation = 3000 — 208 Multiply and divide by V3 _ _ (G000xy3) x = 3000 - TE So we get x = 3000 — 1000(1.732) x = 3000 — 1732 x = 1268 Hence, the distance between the two planes is 1268 m. 3. A7 m long flagstaff is fixed on the top of a tower. From a point on the ground, the angles of elevation of the top and bottom of the flagstaff are 45° and 36° respectively. Find the height of the tower correct to one place of decimal. Solution: Consider TR as the tower and PT as the flag on it PT=7m Take TR =/ and AR=xAngles of elevation from P and T are 45° and 36° Pp 7m ‘ h x fa CI. x In right triangle PAR tang = & AR Substituting the values = 7th) x tan 45° So we get 4 = 7H) ¥ x=7+h (@) In right triangle TAR TR n@ = tan@ =7. Substituting the values tan36° =" xSo we get 0.7265 =" x h = x(0.7265) .. Q) Using both the equations h=(7+h)(0.7265) By further calculation h=7X 0.7265 + 0.7265h h—0.7265h = 7 x 0.7265 So we get 0.2735h = 7 x 0.7265 By division __ 7x0.7268) n=" (ans We can write it as _ (7x7265) "2735 h=1859=18.6m Hence, the height of the tower is 18.6 m. 4. A boy 1.6 m tall is 20 m away from a tower and observes that the angles of elevation of the top of the tower is 60°. Find the height of the tower. Solution: Consider AB as the boy and TR as the tower AB= 1.6mTake TR=h From the point A construct AE parallel to BR ER=AB=16m TE=h=16 AE=BR=20m Aa Oe 1.6m 16m B R 20m In right triangle TAE TE tan@ =— AE Substituting the values tan6o° = 29 20 So we get _ (h-1.6) V3= 20 h-16 = 20¥3 h = 20V3 + 1.6 h = 20(1.732) + 1.6 By further calculationAh = 34.640 + 1.6 h= 36.24 Hence, the height of the tower is 36.24 m. 5. A boy 1.54 m tall can just see the sun over a wall 3.64 m high which is 2.1 m away from him. Find the angles of elevation of the sun. Solution: Consider AB as the boy and CD as the wall which is at a distance of 2.1 m. A 8 2.1m 1.54m 1.54m B 21m AB = 154m CD =3.64 m BD=2.1m Construct AE parallel to BD ED=1.54mCE = 3.64-1.54=2.1m AE=BD=2.1m In right triangle CAE tang=& AE So we get tang =24 a2t tan@ = n tan@=1 We know that tan45° = 1 We get @=45° Hence, the angle of elevation of the sun is 45°. 6. In the adjoining figure, the angle of elevation of the top P of a vertical tower from a point X is 60°, at a point Y, 40 m vertically above X, the angle of elevation is 45°. Find @ The height of the tower PQ (ii) The distance XQ (Give your answer to the nearest metre)40cm x Q Solution: Consider PQ as the tower = h XQ=YR=y XY =40m PR=h-40 P ya R 40m 608 xA dg In right triangle PXQ tang = “2 xQSubstituting the values tan6o° = y So we get yv3=" y h y=z oO In right triangle PYR PR tan@ =— YR Substituting the values (h=40) y tan 45° = So we get 4 = y y=h-40 ...(2) Using both the equations h-40= z By further calculation V3h — 40V3 = h V3h —h = 40v3 So we get (1.732 — 1h = 40(1.732) 732h = 69.280By division 69.280 _ 69280 A= = = 94.64 0.732 732 Here Height of the tower = 94.64 m=95 m Distance XQ=h—-y=95—-40=55m 7. An aeroplane is flying horizontally 1 km above the ground is observed at an elevation of 60°. After 10 seconds, its elevation is observed to be 30°. Find the speed of the aeroplane in km/hr. Solution: Consider A and D as the two positions of the aeroplane AB is the height and P is the point AB=1km Take AD = x and PB=y Angles of elevation from A and D at the point P are 60° and 30° Construct DC perpendicular to PB DC = AB=1kmIn right triangle APB AB tan@ = PB Substituting the values tan 60° = + y So we get v= y at y=Rq oO In right triangle DPC Dc tan@ =—— PC Substituting the values 1 (x+y) tan 30° = So we get1 1 v3 ty) xty=v3_—... 2) Using both the equations 1 x+Q=v3 By further calculation Multiply and divide by V3 x = 2) ~ (3xv3) So we get __ (2x1.732) — 3 x = 2484 Joy 3 This distance is covered in 10 seconds. Speed of aeroplane (in km/hr) = 2454 x COE By further calculation _ 3464 | 3600 (3x1000) “10 So we get _ (3646%36) 300_ (9464x12) 7 100 _ 41568 ~ “100 = 415.68 km/hr 8. A man on the deck of a ship is 16 m above the water level. He observes that the angle of elevation of the top of a cliff is 45° and the angles of depression of the base is 30°. Calculate the distance of the cliff from the ship and the height of the cliff. Solution: Consider A as the man on the deck of a ship B and CE is the cliff AB= 16m Angle of elevation from the top of the cliff = 45° Angle of depression at the base of the cliff= 30° Take CE=h, AD=x CD=h-16 AD =BE=x16m pu Oe In right triangle CAD cD tan@ =— AD Substituting the values tan 45° = 19 So we get _ (h-16) x 1 x=h-16 (1) In right triangle ADE DE tan@ =—_ AD Substituting the values tan30° = x So we get16 x a v x = 16V3 2) Using both the equations h-16 = 16y3 h = 16V3 + 16 Taking out the common terms Ah = 16(1,732 + 1) h = 16(2.732) h = 43,712 = 43.71m Substituting the value in equation (1) x=h-16 x = 43.71—16 x=27,71 Here Distance of cliff= 27.71 m Height of cliff = 43.71 m 9. There is a small island in between a river 100 metres wide. A tall tree stands on the island. P and Q are points directly opposite to each other on the two banks and in the line with the tree. If the angles of elevation of the top of the tree from P and Q are 30° and 45° respectively. Find the height of the tree. Solution: Width of the river PQ = 100 mB is the island and AB is the tree on it Angles of elevation from A to P and Q are 30° and 45° Consider AB =h PB=x BQ = 100-x > ol CNY x B PQ=100m In right triangle APB tan@ = 2 Substituting the values tan30° =" x So we get 1_h Vix x = 3h . (A) In right triangle ABQ AB tan@ =— BQSubstituting the values oo h tan 45° = Goo-3) So we get 1 _ kh V3 (400-x) x =100-—x .. 2) Using both the equations h = 100-V3h By further calculation h+~v3h = 100 So we get (1+ 1.732)h = 100 _ 100 2.732 Multiply and divide by 1000 py = £100%1000) 2732 _ 100000 "2732 h= 36.6 Hence, the height of the tree is 36.6 m. 10. A man standing on the deck of the ship which is 20 m above the sea-level, observes the angle of elevation of a bird as 30° and the angle fo depression of its reflection in the sea as 60°. Find the height of the bird.Solution: Consider P as the man standing on the deck of the ship which is 20 m above the sea level and B is the bird Angle of elevation of the bird from P = 30° Angle of depression from P to shadow of the bird in the sea = 60° 8 h ra é NXQ 20m 20m Q A h+20m s CN, Take BC=h PQ=20m=CA AR = (h+ 20) m CE=h+20+20=h+40m PC=CA=x In right triangle PCB BC tan 30° = — PCSubstituting the values So we get x=v3hm __...(1) In right triangle PCR tan 60° = = Substituting the values _ (h+40) v3= x Using equation (1) (nt40) a 73 h+40 = v3 x V3h = 3h By further calculation 3h-h=40 2h = 40 n="=20 2 From the sea level the height of the bird = 20 + h = 20+ 20 = 40m