University of Duhok

College of Engineering
ECE Department
(DC Machine)
Prepared by
Mr. Taha Abdal
Lecture-3-
 Ex.: A d.c. series motor takes 40A at
220V and runs at 800 r.p.m. If the
armature and field resistance are 0.2
ohm and 0.1 ohm respectively. The
iron and friction losses are 0.5 kW.
Find the torque developed in the
armature. What will be the output
of the motor?
 Solution:
Armature torque is given by:
Ta = 9.55 Eb*Ia/N.
Now: Eb = V - Ia(Ra+Rf)
=220 - 40(0.2+0.1) = 208 V.
Ta = 9.55 * 208 * 40/800 = 99.3 N.m
Cu loss in armature and series field
2
resistance = 40 * 0.3 = 480 W.
Iron and friction losses = 500 W
Total losses = 480 + 500 = 980 W
Motor input power=220*40 = 8800W
Motor output=8800 – 980 = 7820 W
 Ex.: A 4 pole, 240V wave
connected shunt motor gives
11.19kW when running at 1000
r.p.m. and drawing armature and
field currents of 50 A and 1.0 A
respectively. It has 540
conductors. Its resistance is 0.1
ohm. Assuming a drop of 1 volt
per brush find:
1- Armature torque.
2- Useful torque.
3- Useful flux/pole.
4- Rotational losses.
5- Efficiency.
Solution:
Eb = V – IaRa – brush drop
= 240 – (50 * 0.1) – 2 = 233 V.
Also Ia = 50 A.
1) Armature torque Ta = 9.55 Eb*Ia/N
= 9.55* 233*50/1000
= 111 N-m
2) Tsh = 9.55 * output/N
= 9.55 * 11190/1000 = 106.9 N-m
𝜑𝑍𝑁𝑃 𝜑∗540∗1000∗4
3) Eb = 233 =
60𝐴 60∗2
∴ 𝜑 = 12.9 mWb.
4) Armature input = V * Ia = 240 * 50 = 12000 W.
Armature Cu loss = 𝐼𝑎2 * Ra = 502 * 0.1 = 250 W
Brush contact loss = 50 * 2 = 100 W
Power developed = 12000 - 350 = 11650 W
Output = 11.19 kW = 11190 W
∴ 𝑅𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠 = 11650 − 11190 = 460 W
5) Total motor input = V*I= 240 * 51 = 12240W
Motor output = 11190 W.
𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑝𝑢𝑡 11190
∴ 𝐸𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦 = * 100 = = 91.4%
𝑖𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑡 12240
 Speed of a D.C. Motor
 From the voltage equation of a motor,
Eb = V – IaRa or 𝜑𝑍𝑁𝑃/60𝐴 = V – IaRa
𝑉−𝐼𝑎𝑅𝑎 60𝐴
∴𝑁= *( ) r.p.m.
𝜑 𝑍𝑃
𝐸𝑏 60𝐴
Now V – IaRa = Eb, ∴ N = *( ) r.p.m.
𝜑 𝑍𝑃
𝐸𝑏
Or N = K
𝜑
It shows that speed is directly proportional to
back e.m.f (Eb) and inversely to the flux (𝜑).
For Series Motor,
Let N1 = speed in the 1st case
Ia1 = armature current in the 1st case
𝜑1 = flux /pole in the 1st case
N2, Ia2 and 𝜑2 = corresponding quantities in
2nd case.
Then, using the above relation,
𝐸𝑏1
N1 ∝ where Eb1 = V – Ia1Ra
𝜑1
𝐸𝑏2
N2 ∝ where Eb2 = V – Ia2Ra
𝜑2
𝑁2 𝐸𝑏2 𝑄1
= *
𝑁1 𝐸𝑏1 𝑄2
Prior to saturation of magnetic poles:
𝑁2 𝐸𝑏2 𝐼𝑎1
𝜑 ∝ 𝐼𝑎 ∴ = *
𝑁1 𝐸𝑏1 𝐼𝑎2
For shunt motor
In this case the same equation applies but 𝜑1
= 𝜑2.
𝑁2 𝐸𝑏2
Then =
𝑁1 𝐸𝑏1
Ex.: A 460V series motor runs at 500
r.p.m. taking a current of 40A.
Calculate the speed and percentage
change in torque if the load is
reduced so that the motor is taking
30A. Total resistance of the
armature and field circuit is 0.8 ohm.
Assume flux is proportional to the
field current.
 Ex.:- A 250-V shunt motor runs
at 1000 r.p.m. at no-load and
takes 8 A. The total armature and
shunt field resistances are 0.2
and 250 ohms respectively.
Calculate the speed when loaded
and taking 50 A. Assume the flux
to be constant.
 Solution:
𝑁 𝐸𝑏 𝑄𝑜
Formula used = =
𝑁𝑜 𝐸𝑏𝑜 𝑄
Since the flux is constant
250
Ish = = 1A.
250
Ebo= V - Iao*Ra = 250 – (7*0.2) = 248.6V
Eb = V - Ia*Ra = 250 – (49*0.2) = 240.2V
𝑁 240.2
∴ = , ∴ N = 966 r.p.m.
1000 248.6
Ex.: A 200 V, d.c. shunt motor takes 4 A at
no-load when running at 700 r.p.m. The field
resistance is 100 ohm. The resistance of
armature at standstill gives a drop of 6 volts
across armature terminals when 10 A were
passed through it. Calculate
a) Speed on load
b) Torque in N-m
c) Efficiency, when normal input of the motor
is 8 kW.
Solution:
200
𝑎)𝐼𝑠ℎ = = 2 A.
100
F.L. power input = 8000 W
8000
F.L. line current = = 40 A
200
6
𝐼𝑎 = 40 – 2 = 38 A; 𝑅𝑎 = = 0.6 ohm.
10
𝐸𝑏𝑜 = 200 – 2 * 0.6 = 198.8 V
𝐸𝑏 = 200 – 36 * 0.6 = 177.2 V
𝑁 𝐸𝑏 𝑁 177.2
Now, = or = N = 623.9 r.p.m
𝑁𝑜 𝐸𝑏𝑜 700 198.8
9.55∗𝐸𝑏∗𝐼𝑎 9.55 ∗177.2 ∗38
b) 𝑇𝑎 = = = 103 N-m
𝑁 623.9
c) N.L. power input = 200 * 4 = 800 W
Arm. cu loss = 𝐼𝑎2 * Ra = 22 * 0.6 = 2.4 W
Constant losses = 800 – 2.4 = 797.6 W
F.L. arm. cu loss = 382 * 0.6 = 866.4 W
Total F.L. losses = 797.6 + 866.4 = 1664 W
F.L. output = 8000 – 1664 = 6336 W
6336
F.L. motor efficiency = = 0.792 or 79.2%
8000
Ex.: A 230 V d.c. shunt motor has an
armature resistance of 0.5 ohm and
field resistance of 115 ohm at no load,
the speed is 1200 r.p.m. and the
armature current 2.5 A. On
application of rated load, the speed
drops to 1120 r.p.m. Determine the
line current and power input when
the motor delivers rated load.
(Ans.: 35 A, 8050 W)
Ex.: A d.c. series motor operates at
800 r.p.m. with a line current of 100 A
from 230 V mains. Its armature circuit
resistance is 0.15 ohm and its field
resistance is 0.1 ohm. Find the speed
at which the motor runs at a line
current of 25 A, assuming that the flux
at this current is 45 percent of the flux
at 100 A. (Ans.: 1940 r.p.m)