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Pression Member

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26 views15 pages

Pression Member

Uploaded by

praveenk
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY ROORKEE

Compression Members

Dr Sonalisa Ray
Assistant Professor
Dept. of Civil Engineering
IIT Roorkee
Compression Members

2
Column Theory

Ideal case:
• Perfectly straight
• No imperfection
• Concentric load
• Stresses are uniform over the entire
cross-section

If the member is such that stress before buckling is


below σPL
 2EI
Pcr 
L2eff Slender column
 2EA  2E
Pcr  ,  fcr 
 Leff 
2
2
 r 

3
Effective Length (Leff) Section 7.2.2

• Effective length
• Actual length
• End condition

• In compression members in trusses (Section 7.2.4)

• Angle struts (Section 7.5)

• In frame (Annexure D)

• In stepped columns (Annexure D)

4
Slenderness Ratio (Leff/r)
 2E I
Pc r 
L 2e ff
 2E A  2E
Pc r  ,  fc r 
 L e ff 
2
2
 r 
 

Leff KL
 
r r
• SR should be kept as
small as possible
• Largest possible
Radius of gyration “r”

5
Shapes of Compression Members

6
Failure Modes
• Local buckling
• Squashing/Crushing
– Stocky columns
• Flexural buckling/lateral buckling
– Deflection caused by bending/flexure
• Torsional buckling
– Torsional rigidity < bending rigidity
– Axis remains straight, the member twists
– Occurs by twisting about the shear center in the longitudinal axis
• Flexural and torsional buckling
– Need to be checked for sections which are single symmetric or having no symmetry

7
Column Strength Curve
• Euler’s critical load (Pcr)
– Members is perfectly straight
– Load is concentric
– No bending moment before buckling
– Bending stiffness, EI= Constant
– Causes elastic buckling of the column
– Pcr << Ppl
• Pcr > Ppl
– Non-linear stress-strain curve
– Inelastic buckling
– E can not be used
– EI does not remain constant
• Presence of residual stresses

8
Buckling Class of Cross-Section
Accidental eccentricity arising due to imperfection in the fabrication is dependent on the
cross-section of the compression members.

Based on Perry-Robertson approach, Buckling class of cross sections has been defined as:
a, b, c, d (Fig. 8, IS 800)

𝒇𝒚
Non-dimensional effective 𝝀
slenderness ratio, 𝒇𝒄𝒄

𝝅𝟐 𝑬
𝒇𝒄𝒄 𝟐
Euler Buckling stress, 𝑲𝑳
𝒓
𝒍𝒆 𝑲𝑳
Slenderness ratio
𝒓 𝒓

L= Actual length of the compression member,


le = KL, Effective length where K is a factor dependent on end conditions & given in
Table 11
r = Minimum radius of gyration
9
Design Compressive Stress
𝒇𝒚
Design compressive stress, 𝜸𝒎𝒐 𝒇𝒚 𝒇𝒚
𝒇𝒄𝒅 𝝌
𝝋 𝝋 𝟐 𝝀𝟐 𝟎.𝟓 𝜸𝒎𝒐 𝜸𝒎𝒐
Where,
May be directly obtained from Table: 9 for different
𝝋 𝟎. 𝟓 𝟏 𝜶 𝝀 𝟎. 𝟐 𝝀𝟐 buckling class, yield stress and slenderness ratio.
𝝀 = Non-dimensional effective slenderness ratio
𝟐
𝑲𝑳
𝒇𝒚 𝒇𝒚
𝒓
𝒇𝒄𝒄 𝝅𝟐 𝑬
Euler Buckling stress,
𝝅𝟐 𝑬
𝒇𝒄𝒄
𝑲𝑳 𝟐
𝒓
𝜶 = Imperfection factor, From Table 7
𝝌 = Stress reduction factor (From Table 8) for
different buckling class, slenderness ratio
and yield stress
𝟏
= 𝟎.𝟓 𝜸𝒎𝒐 =PSF for material strength = 1.1 for Fe 415 steel
𝝋 𝝋𝟐 𝝀𝟐
10
Column Strength Curve

Behaviour of Real Column


• Columns which buckle elastically: Long
• Columns which buckle inelastically: short
and intermediate
• Type SR
Short 0-40
Intermediate 40-125
Long >125

11
Example 1
• Determine the design axial load capacity of the column ISMB 350 @ 52.4 N/m if the length
of the column is 3 m and its both ends are fixed.

12
Design of Compression Members

• Assume design compressive stress (fcd) or slenderness ratio


(SR)
– Guidelines
– Rolled I sections: 70-90
– Angle: 110-130
– For large loads: lower SR
– Average height 3-5 m: 40-80
• Calculate effective sectional area, A=Pd/fcd
• Select a suitable section
• Calculate SR, fcd and Pd and check the safety

13
Example 2
• Design a compression member 3.5 m long in a building subjected to a factored load of 550
kN. Both the ends of the column are effectively restrained in direction and position. Use Fe
410.

14
Example 3
• A double angle strut of length 2.4 m consists of two unequal angles ISA 60x40x6 mm.
Determine the axial load carrying capacity of the member if the angles are connected back
to back to a gusset plate of thickness 10 mm as shown in Figure. Assume both the ends to
be pinned.

15

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