Grade 10 Computer science notes

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Unit 1.1 a networking and Half duplex Full duplex

Half-duplex is the mode In full duplex mode,
telecommunication (test notes) of data and information data and information
that flows in both flow in both directions
1. What is telecommunication? Write its directions but only one simultaneously on the
example. direction at a time transmission path.
 The transmission of data and information from
Example: Walky-talky Mobile and landline
one place to another for the purpose of
phones are examples
communication is known as
6. Explain the components of data communication
telecommunication.
 The examples of telecommunication are mobile The components of data communication are:
phone, Internet phone, television, landline,
Data (message) : Data is to be communicated
radio, etc.
between sender and receiver.
2. Define network.
Sender : Sender is a device used to transfer
 A network is a collection of devices connected data.
together to share resources, such as files,
Medium: Medium is a channel through which
printers, and internet connectivity.
sender and receiver make communication.
 Networks can be wired or wireless and can be
used for communication, data sharing, and Receiver: Receiver is a device used to receive
collaboration. data.
3. Define communication. Protocol: Protocol is a set of rules followed by
sender and receiver.
The process of sending and receiving data and
information between two or more than two 7. Define communication media/ transmission
people is known as communication. media with its types.
4. Define data communication. explain its  Communication media, also known as
types. transmission media, refers to the channel or
path through which data is transmitted from
Data communication is the process of
one device to another.
transferring data and information between
 There are two types of communication media:
computers and other electronic devices.
guided and unguided.
The two types of data communication are
8. What is guided communication media with
Simplex: Simplex mode is a communication
its types?
mode in which data is transmitted in one
direction only. An example of simplex mode is a The media which uses cable or wire to transfer
television data and information among computers are
called guided communication media.
Duplex: Duplex mode refers to the ability of a
communication channel to transmit data in The types of guided media are:
both directions simultaneously. Example
mobile phones.  Twisted pair cable
 Co-Axial Cable
 Fiber optic cable

9. Define twisted pair cable and its types.

5. What is the difference between half and full
duplex?

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 Grade 10 Computer science notes
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 Twisted pair cable is a type of guided  A computer network is a group of

communication media that consists of two interconnected devices that can exchange
insulated copper wires twisted together to data and information with each other and
reduce electrical interference. share hardware, software and other
 The two types of twisted pair cable are resources.
unshielded twisted pair (UTP) and shielded  Computer networks are useful for enabling
twisted pair (STP). communication and collaboration among
users, allowing the sharing of data and
10. What is Unshielded Twisted Pair cable?
resources, and providing access to the
Unshielded twisted pair (UTP) cable is a type of Internet.
twisted pair cable that does not have any
additional shielding to protect against electrical
16. List any four advantages of Computer
interference.
Network.
11. What is Shielded Twisted Pair cable?
• A network connected computers can share
Shielded twisted pair (STP) cable is a type of hardware devices such as scanner, printer,
twisted pair cable that has additional shielding hard disk, etc.
to protect against electrical interference.
• It can communicate and share information all
12. What is Co-Axial Cable? over the world through Internet.

 Coaxial cable is a type of guided • Computer network supports centralized

communication media that consists of a administration.
copper core surrounded by a layer of
• Networking also provides the facility of data
insulation, a copper mesh, and an outer
and software backup system.
insulation.
 It is commonly used for cable television and 17. What is a NIC card?
broadband internet connections.
 A NIC card, or network interface card, is a
13. What is fiber optical cable? hardware component that allows a
computer to connect to a network.
 Fiber optic cable is a type of communication
 It is also known as a network adapter or
cable consisting of very thin strands of glass
network card.
or plastic fibers that transmit signals using
 NIC cards can be either wired or wireless
pulses of light.
and are essential for network
 It is commonly used in telecommunications,
communication.
internet, and cable television networks.
18. List out three disadvantages of computer
14. What is unguided communication? Explain
network.
its types.
• Computer network can be route for computer
 Unguided communication is a
virus and malware transmission.
communication channel in which data and
information transferred between two • Skilled manpower is required to manage and
devices without using wire or cable. operate computer network.
 It includes types of communication such as
• The initial setup cost is very high to build
radio waves, microwave, and satellite
computer network.
communication.
• Cybercrimes are originated from
15. What is a computer network? How it is
computer network.
useful?

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 Grade 10 Computer science notes
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19. What is a connector? Repeater is a network connectivity device that

accepts weak signals and regenerates them
A connector is a device that is used to connect
and after that sends the message on their way.
two or more components of a network, such as
cables, wires, or devices. 27. What is a modem?

20. What is a hub? A modem is a networking device that converts

digital signals from a computer into analog
A hub is a networking device that connects
signals that can be transmitted over a
multiple devices in a network and sends data
telephone or cable line, and vice versa.
to all devices connected to it.
28. What is bandwidth? How is it measured?
21. What is a switch?
Bandwidth is the maximum amount of data
A switch is a networking device that connects
that can be transmitted over a network in a
multiple devices in a network and sends data
given amount of time.
only to the device that it is intended for.
It is usually measured in bits per second (bps)
22. What is a bridge?
or bytes per second (Bps).
A bridge is a networking device that connects
29. What is network software?
two or more computer network having similar
protocol and forwards data between them. Network software refers to software
applications and programs that are used to
23. What is the difference between a hub and
manage and control a computer network. This
a switch?
includes operating systems
Hub Switch
30. What are the main functions of NOS?
It is cheaper than switch it is more expansive than hub
It transmits data slower It transmits data faster than • It helps to setup and install network.
than switch hub
It broadcast the It transfer packets to only • It allows administration to add or remove
information packets to those selected computers users from computer network.
all computer connected connected in network
• It enables users to have access to network
network
resources.
It is half duplex device. It is full duplex device.
• It manages and controls all the resources
of computer network.
24. What is a router?
31. What is a protocol? List its common
A router is a networking device that connects
protocol.
multiple networks together and forwards data
among different network having same • A set of rules followed for interconnection and
protocol. communication between computers in a
network is called a protocol.
25. What is a Gateway?
• TCP/IP (Transmission Control
A gateway is a networking device that connects
Protocol/Internet Protocol) is used in
two different networks that use different
Internet.
protocols, such as a local area network and the
internet. • HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) is used to
transfer HTML documents in WWW.

26. What is a repeater?

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 Grade 10 Computer science notes
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• SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) is used 11. Internet : Network of networks.
in sending e-mail. 12. E-mail : Sending and receiving messages
electronically
• POP (Post Office Protocol) is used to retrieve
13. FTP : Transmitting files between computers.
e-mail from a mail server.
14. Online banking : Internet banking or web
• FTP (File Transfer Protocol) is used to banking.
transmitting files between computers.

32. "Internet is called network of network." Full form:

Justify in your own language.
1. ARPANET: Advanced Research Projects Agency
The Internet is called a network of networks Network
because it is made up of many interconnected 2. STP: Shielded Twisted Pair
networks, including local area networks (LANs), 3. UTP: Unshielded Twisted Pair
wide area networks (WANs), and metropolitan 4. SMA: Security Management Appliance.
area networks (MANs). 5. SC: Subscriber Connector or Standard
Connector
Each network is connected to others through 6. NIC: Network Interface Card
routers, switches, and other networking 7. MODEM: Modulator-Demodulator
devices, forming a vast web of interconnected 8. LAN: Local Area Network
networks that spans the globe. 9. MAN: Metropolitan Area Network
33. What is communication media? 10. WAN: Wide Area Network
Differentiate between bounded and 11. TCP/IP: Transmission Control
unbounded media. Protocol/Internet Protocol
12. HTTP: Hypertext Transfer Protocol
Read the above information. 13. SMTP: Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
14. WWW: World Wide Web
15. POP: Post Office Protocol
Technical term: 16. FTP: File Transfer Protocol
17. URL: Uniform Resource Locator
1. Duplex mode : Data transmission in both
18. ISP: Internet Service Provider
directions.
19. ATM: Asynchronous Transfer Mode/
2. Protocol : A set of rules that are followed by
automated teller machine
computer network.
20. E-mail: Electronic Mail
3. Fiber optic cable : Made up of plastic or glass
21. E-fax: Electronic Fax
fiber to transmit data.
22. E-commerce: Electronic Commerce
4. Radio wave : Electromagnetic wave.
5. Repeaters : Amplify the signal for long-distance
communication in microwave.
6. Computer network : The interconnection of
many computers to share information.
7. Hub : Network device with multiple ports for
connecting computers.
8. Router : Network device that joins multiple
wired or wireless networks.
9. Repeater : Network connecting device that
boosts the data signals.
10. Network software : Software which controls
and manages computer network.

The notes provided are just for the reference. You can write your own answers. – Rajesh Jethara
 Grade 10 Computer science notes
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Set 1.1b • They provide uplinks for connecting LANs to

1.Give reasons that "Computer network reduces WANs and Internet.
the cost of operation."
Computer networks reduce the cost of 5.What is WAN? Write any two features.
operation by allowing multiple users to share Wide Area Network is a network that is
resources like printers, storage devices, and extended to a large area i.e. world in which
software licenses, reducing the need for computers are connected through wireless
individual purchases. technology or media as satellite
communication.
2.Differentiate between LAN and WAN.  It covers the whole world and cannot be
restricted to any geographical location.
LAN WAN
 It uses satellite and microwave communication.
A LAN is a network that WAN covers a larger
spans a small geographic geographical area, such as
area, typically within a multiple buildings, cities,
 It is normally owned by multiple organizations.
single building or campus. countries, or continents  They have low data transfer rate and high
It can cover up to a distance It is the largest computer propagation delay
one kilometre network.
6.What are three models of Network? Write
It has high speed data They have low data transfer about client/server model of Network.
transfer capacity rate and high propagation
The three types of network architecture
delay
are: peer to peer, client server, centralized.
3.What is LAN? Write any two features.
A network model where one or more powerful
Local Area Network is a network limited within a computers (servers) provide the different network
small area like a room, a building, school, college, services and all other users of computer network
etc. generally connected through wire media. (clients) access those services to perform user's tasks
is known as client-server network.
• LAN runs the multiple devices to share a
transmission medium. 7.Draw and briefly explain about client-server
• The different topology used mainly bus and network.
ring in LAN
• The communication quality is better in LAN, the
transmission error rate are low as compare to
WAN

4.What is MAN? Write any two features.

Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) is a
network within the area like valley, city,  A network model where one or more powerful
metropolitan, etc. connected through wire or computers (servers) provide the different network
wireless technology or media. services and all other users of computer network
• Network size up to 50 km. It may be as small as (clients) access those services to perform user's
a group of buildings in a campus to as large as tasks is known as client-server network.
covering the whole city.  In such networks, there exists a central controller
• It is normally owned by single or multiple called server.
organizations.
 Novell Netware, Windows NT, Linux, etc. are the
• It facilitates sharing of regional resources.
common examples of an operating system of client-
server network.

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 Grade 10 Computer science notes
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13. Write the advantage and disadvantage of

client server network. (two point each)
8.What is network model? Write its types.
Advantage
 Network model defines how the computer
 Centralized back up is possible in client-server
communicates and interacts with each other on
computer network.
network.
 The use of dedicated servers also increases the
 It is combined form of topologies and data
speed of sharing resources.
transmission mode between the different
 Security is better in this network as all the shared
computers in the network.
resources are centrally administered.
 The three types of network architecture are:
Disadvantage
peer to peer, client server, centralized
• It requires specialized servers with large
9.Explain Peer to peer network.
memory.
 All nodes on the network have an equal
• This leads to an increase in the cost.
relationship with each other. It is also called
• The cost of network operating system that
workgroup.
manages the various clients is also high.
 It can share data, hardware and software with
• It requires network administrator.
each other.
14. What is centralized network?
 It is suitable for a small area such as small
A centralized network is a network
offices, small room, building, etc.
architecture where all resources are located
on a central server that manages them.
10. Write any two advantages of peer-to-peer
15. What are the advantage and disadvantage
network.
of centralized network?
 All resources and contentions can be shared in
Advantage
this network.
• It saves cost of installation of network
 System administrator is not required, and each
system.
user can control their shared resources.
• It secures all data and information on host
 The failure of one computer doesn't affect the
computer which works on IPOS (input
functioning of other peers.
process output system).
• Host Computer gives facilities like Disk
11. Write any two disadvantages of peer-to-
storage and software to workstation.
peer network.
Disadvantage
 It is difficult for administrator and control as
• The malfunctioning of host computer affects
resources are decentralized in this network.
other workstation.
 Security is very low in this system.
• It takes long time for data processing.
 Data recovery or backup is very difficult.
• It is difficult to add more workstation.
16. Mention differences between client/server architecture
12. What is client-server network?
and peer to peer architecture of the network.
 A network model where one or more powerful
computers (servers) provide the different network Client-server Peer to peer
services and all other users of computer network In this Network, Clients In Peer-to-Peer Network,
(clients) access those services to perform user's and server are Clients and server are not
tasks is known as client-server network. differentiated, Specific differentiated.
 In such networks, there exists a central controller server and clients are
called server. present
 A server is a specialized computer that controls It focuses on information It focuses on connectivity.
sharing
the network resource and provides services to
Centralized server is used Each peer has its own data
other computers in the network.
to store the data
More costly and stable. Less costly and stable.

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 Grade 10 Computer science notes
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• The topology which forms a closed-loop as

17. What is network topology? Write its types. each computer is connected to another
• Network topology is the inter-connected computer with the last one connected to the
pattern of network components. first is called ring topology.
• The main types of topologies are: • It uses fiber optic cable to transfer data.
1. Bus Topology • Each and every computer has equal
2. Ring Topology responsibilities.
3. Star Topology. • A number of repeaters are used for Ring
4. mesh topology. topology with large number of nodes.
18. Explain bus topology with suitable diagram. • Data is transferred in a sequential manner
In a bus topology, devices are connected to a 21. What are the advantage and disadvantage
single cable called the bus. Data travels along of ring/loop topology?
the bus from one end to the other and each Advantage
device receives all data but only processes • In this topology all computers, in close loop,
data intended for it. act as a client or server to transfer the
information.
• Transmitting network is not affected by high
traffic or by adding more nodes.
• It is cheap to install or setup and expand.
Disadvantage
• It is difficult for troubleshooting.
• In ring topology, adding or deleting the
computers disturbs the network activity.
19. What are the advantage and disadvantage • Failure of one computer disturbs the whole
of bus topology? network in this topology
Advantage: 22. Write about star topology with suitable
• It is cost effective and cable required is least diagram.
compared to other network topology.  It is a type of topology which connects all
• It is used in small networks and easy to nodes to central device called hub/switch
understand. through a cable.
• It is easy to expand networks.  It is probably the most common topology.
Disadvantage:  Switch acts as a repeater for data flow.
• Break/Failure in main cable will make the  Star topology can be used with twisted pair,
whole network to malfunction. optical fiber and coaxial cable.
• Heavy network traffic or increase in nodes
will degrade performance of network.
• Terminators are necessary at both ends of
the cable.
20. Explain ring/loop topology with suitable
diagram.
23. What are the advantage and disadvantage
of star topology?
Advantage:
 It provides fast performance and low network traffic.
 It is easy to troubleshoot setup and modify.
 The failure of one node has not affected the rest of
the nodes.
Disadvantage:

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 Grade 10 Computer science notes
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 Hub and more wires are required, so the cost of 28. What is FTP?
installation is high.  FTP stands for File Transfer Protocol, which is a
 The whole network is stopped when the hub fails. standard protocol used to transfer files
 The system crucially depends on control device between computers on a network.
switch/hub.  It allows users to upload, download, and
 If it fails, entire network fails. manage files stored on remote servers or
24. Define internet. What are the services computers.
provided by internet? 29. Define Search engine with example.
 Internet is a network of networks. The worldwide A search engine is a software program that
connection of computer networks that use TCP/IP searches a database of web pages or other
protocols to communicate with one another using digital content to find information relevant to
wire or wireless media as well as network devices is a user's query. Examples of search engines
called the Internet. include Google, Bing, and Yahoo.
 The main internet services are as follows: 30. Define IRC with its example.
1. World Wide Web  IRC stands for Internet Relay Chat, which is a
2. Email real-time messaging protocol used for online
3. Telnet (Teletype Network) chat rooms and discussion forums.
4. FTP (File Transfer Protocol)  Eg: messenger, watsapp, viber where users can
5. Search Engine join chat rooms to communicate with others
6. IRC (Internet Relay Chat) on a variety of topics.
7. Online Banking 31. What are the uses of Chatroom?
8. E-commerce Chatrooms can be used for socializing,
25. Define WWW. networking, discussing specific topics or
worldwideWeb is a collection of internet host interests, and even for business purposes like
systems that make these services available customer support or remote collaboration.
on the Internet using the HTTP (HyperText 32. What is online banking?
Transfer Protocol). Online banking also known as internet banking
26. Define E-mail. What are the advantages of is a service provided by banks and financial
email? institutions that allows customers to access
E-mail is electronic mail that sends and their accounts and perform transactions like
receive messages electronically through the transferring funds, paying bills, or checking
Internet balances over the internet.
Advantage: 33. Explain e-commerce with example.
 It is the cheapest and fastest means of  E-commerce stands for electronic commerce,
communication. which refers to buying and selling goods or
 It is more reliable than postal mail. services over the internet.
 E-mail can be accessed from any part of the  Examples of e-commerce include online
world at any time. shopping websites like Amazon or eBay,
 We can send photos, songs, video clips and digital marketplaces like Etsy or Fiverr, and
other file with e-mail attachments. online payment systems like PayPal or Stripe.
27. Define Telnet with example.
Telnet is a network protocol used to remotely
access and manage devices like servers or
routers.
For example, an IT administrator can use
telnet to log in to a server and perform Give appropriate technical terms of the
maintenance tasks without physically being followings.
at the server location.

The notes provided are just for the reference. You can write your own answers. – Rajesh Jethara
Grade 10 Computer science notes
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a) Data transmission in one direction only that

is to send or receive only. simplex mode

b) Device used to connect a PC with a

telephone line. Modem

c) A network limited with a room or building.

Local Area Network (LAN)

d) The computer on which users run

applications. Client computer

e) Cabling structure of LAN. LAN topology/

network topology

f) Each computer or device on a network. Node

g) A device that controls two dissimilar

networks. Gateway

h) The amount of data that can be transmitted

through communication channels in a fixed
time period. Bandwidth

i) A server where incoming emails are collected

in mailbox. Mail server

j) A computer that provides services to other

computer. Server

k) Operating system that can handle network.

Network operating system (NOS)

l) A cable that transmits light signals. Fiber

optic cable

m) Connection of two or more computers to

share information. Network connection or
networking

n) The network of networks. Internet

o) Sending and receiving messages

electronically through the Internet. Email

p) Buying and selling of goods, products, or

services over the Internet. E-commerce

q) The websites that search documents for

specified keywords in WWW. Search engines

r) A port on the back of the system unit to

connect a computer in network. Network port/
Ethernet port

The notes provided are just for the reference. You can write your own answers. – Rajesh Jethara