HOLIDAY PACKAGE

CHEMISTRY 1 & 2
TIME: 3:00HOURS INDEX NO

INSTRUCTIONS
 This paper consists of fourteen (14) questions
 This paper consists of section A, B and C
 Answer only TEN (10) questions
 Each question carries 10 marks
 Write your Index number on each page
 Use:-
Redberg constant, RH = 1.0967 × 107m-1.
Plank’s constant h = 6.63 × 1034 Js
Gas constant, R = 8.314 Jmol-1 k-1
R = 0.0821 atom L mol-1k -1
GMV = 22.4 dm3
Pressure P = 1atom = 760mmHg
Speed of light, C = 3 × 108 ms−1
 Atomic masses
H = 1, O = 16, P = 31, Cl = 35, Mg = 24, N = 14.
FOR EXAMINER’S ONLY

QUESTION NUMBERS ATTEMPTED SCORE INITIAL OF EXAMINER

1
 SECTION A (40 MARKS)
Answer only four (04) questions from this section
1. (a) Define the following terms
(i) Wave – particles duality of matter (02 marks)
(ii) Quantum numbers
(b) Draw the designated orbitals of the following values of Quantum numbers
(i) n = 3 , l = 0
(ii) n = 6 , l = 2 (02 marks)
(c) An electromagnetic radiations was emitted in the visible part of Hydrogen spectrum as the
result of electron transition from fifth Bohr orbit to the first Bohr orbit. Calculate:-
(i) wave length of the emitted radiation
(ii) frequency of the emitted radiation
(iii) energy of the emitted radiation (06 marks)

2. (a) Define the following terms

(i) Hybridization of orbitals
(ii) Overlapping of orbitals (02 marks)
(b) What are the necessary conditions for formation of covalent bonds? (03 marks)
(c) Briefly state type of Hybridization of the centre atoms in the following chemical compounds
(i) PCL5 (ii) ALCL3 (iii) CO2 (05 marks)

3. (a) By giving one example for each, briefly explain

(i) Hydrogen bonding
(ii) Metallic Bonding (02 marks)
(b) For each of the following pairs of substances predict which substance has a higher Boiling
point and give reasons for each choice you make.
(i) CH3CH2 and CH3(OH)
(ii) H2O and HI
(iii) Mg and AL (04.5 marks)
(c) Distinguish between the following
(i) Dipole – dipole interaction and Dispersion iteration (forces)
(ii) Sigma ( ) boad and Pie ( π ) bond (03.5 marks)

4. (a) State
(i) Hund’s Rule
(ii) Octet Rule (02 marks)
(b) State which rule/principle is/are not followed to write the following electronic configuration and
write correctly, again.
(i) 1 S 2 2 S 1 2p
3

(ii) 1 S 2 2S
2
2p
2

2
 (c) Write electronic configurations of the following elements with atomic numbers
(i) Rb (37) (ii) Mo (42) (03 marks)

5. (a) Give meaning of the following chemistry terms:-

(i) Relative Atomic Mass
(ii) Isotones (02 marks)
(b) Outline the postulates of Plank’s Quantum theory. (04 marks)
(c) The mass number of two atoms X and Y with the same Atomic numbers are 106 and 112 of Y
respectively. If X contains 64 neutrons in its nucleus. Find the number of neutrons in the nucleus
of Y and what is the atomic number of Y. (04 marks)

6. (a) Define the following chemistry terms

(i) Bond length
(ii) Bond angle (02 marks)
(b) Given a chemical compound of SO2
(i) Describe how is it formed (by Lewis structure)
(ii) State how many number of Sigma and pie covalent bonds formed
(iii) State the type of hybridization for the centre atom.
(iv)Give its geometrical shape of SO2. (08 marks)

SECTION B (30 marks)

Answer three (03) questions from this section
7. (a) Outline the Applications of Steam Distillation (03 marks)
(b) Give the differences between positive and negative deviation from Result’s law (any three)
(03 marks)
(c) A liquid ‘A’ has Boiling point of 80⁰C and ‘B’ has Boiling point of 40⁰C. When ‘A’ and ‘B’ mixed
together they form Non - Ideal solution whose Azeotropic mixture is obtained when ‘A’ is 70% and
the Azeotropic mixture boils at 90⁰C. Explain, how is the solution will behave on distillation. If the
solution contain
(i) 90% of liquid ‘B’
(ii) 50% of liquid ‘A’ (04 marks)

8. (a) Outline the short coming of the Kinetic theory of gases (02 marks)
(b) Briefly Illustrate how carbondioxide gas deviate from Ideal gas behaviour (03 marks)
3
(c) A 10.32g of Phosphorous (V) chloride is allowed to vaporize in 1.8dm vessel at 80⁰C. A pressure
of 980mmHg developed. Calculate the degree of dissociation of phosphorous (V) chloride (Pcl5) into
PCl3 and Cl2 (05 marks)

9. (a) “The vapour pressure of a liquid will decrease if the volume of a liquid decreases”. Is this statement
TRUE or FALSE? Explain why if the statement is FALSE. (02 marks)
(b) Calculate the Enthalpy of reaction at 298K for this chemical reaction.
N2(g) +3H2(g) 2NH3(g)

3
 Use Boad Energies (in KJMol -1)
N – N = 245
N ≡N = 945
N – H = 391
H – H = 436
Is the Enthalpy of reaction Endothermic or Exothermic? (05 marks)
(c) The standard Molar Enthalpy of formation (∆H⁰f) for liquid water (H2O)(i) is different from the
standard Molar Enthalpy of formation (∆H⁰f) for coater vapor (H2O)(g)
(i) Which ∆H⁰f is higher than other? Briefly explain (01.5 marks)
(ii) Which ∆H⁰f is more exothermic reaction? Briefly explain (01.5 marks)

10. (a) State

(i) Graham’s law of diffusion
(ii) Avogadro’s law (02 marks)
(b) Methane (CH4) gas is sold and shipped in the compressed gas cylinder. A typical cylinder has a
volume of 15dm3 when full contains 62 Mol of CH4. After it prolonged compression 0.62 Mol of CH4
remained in the cylinder. Calculate the pressures in the cylinder when full and after compression at
27⁰C. Compare the pressures and give your comment (Vander Waal constants)
a = 2.253 L2 atom mol−2
b = 6.043 L mol−1 (05 marks)

SECTION C (30 marks)

Answer only three (3) Questions from this section
11. (a) Distinguish between the followings
(i) Standard Electron Affinity from lattice formation Enthalpy
(ii) Exothermic reaction from Endothermic reaction. (02 marks)
(b) State Hess’s law of heat (01 mark)
(c) Draw a well labeled Born Haber cycle of calcium fluoride (caF2) and calculate the Dissociation
Energy of fluorine.
Given that:-
Heat of formation of CaF2, (∆ H⁰f) = - 860 KJmol-1
Atomization of calcium, (∆H at) = + 174 KJmol-1
First Ionization Energy of calcium, (∆H⁰I.E) = + 550 KJmol-1
Second Ionization Energy of calcium, (∆H⁰I.E) + 1000KJmol-1
Electron Affinity of fluorine, (∆H⁰E.A) = - 363 KJmol-1
Lattice Energy of calcium fluoride, (∆H⁰L.E) = - 2100KJmol-1 (07 marks)

12. (a) State Partition law (01 mark)

(b) Outline the necessary conditions of partition law (04 marks)
(c) The Distribution esefficient of solute A is 8 times more soluble in Ethoxyethane than water. What
mass of solute A would be extracted from 1dm3 of an aqueous solution containing 10g by shaking it
with 100cm3 of Ethoxyethane (05 marks)
4
13. (a) Give the meanings of the following chemistry terms
(i) Azeotropic mixture
(ii) Vapour pressure
(iii) Mole fraction (03 marks)
(b) State Raoult’s law of vapour pressure (01 mark)
(c) Two element ‘X’ and ‘Y’ form compound with molecular formular ‘XY2’ and ‘XY4’ when
dissolved in 40g of Benzene, 3g of XY2 lower the freezing point by 3.2⁰C while 3g of XY4 lowers it by
2.5⁰C. The molar depression constant for Benzene is 5.1⁰C kgmol-1. Calculate the Atomic masses of
element X and Y (06 marks)

14. (a) State two properties of compounds which are suitable for steam distillation (02 marks)
(b) Give two properties of a Non – ideal solution (02 marks)
(c) State two limitations of the laws of osmotic pressure (02 marks)
(d) Briefly explain the effect of the presence of a dissolved solid solute in a pure solvent in respect to
(i) Boiling point
(ii) Vapour pressure (04 marks)