BRITISH STANDARD BS 5080-1:

1993

Structural fixings in
concrete and
masonry —
Part 1: Method of test for tensile loading
Licensed copy:Heriot Watt University, 11/06/2004, Uncontrolled Copy, © BSI
 BS 5080-1:1993

Committees responsible for this

British Standard

The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted by Technical

Committee B/514, Access and support equipment, to Subcommittee B/514/41,
Tests for fixings, upon which the following bodies were represented:

Association of Building Component Manufacturers

British Board of Agrement
British Precast Concrete Federation Ltd.
Concrete Society
Construction Fixings Association
Department of the Environment
Institution of Civil Engineers
Institution of Structural Engineers
Licensed copy:Heriot Watt University, 11/06/2004, Uncontrolled Copy, © BSI

London District Surveyors Association

National Association of Scaffolding Contractors
Stainless Steel Fabricators Association of Great Britain
Suspended Access Equipment Manufacturers Association
Suspended Ceilings Association

This British Standard, having

been prepared under the
direction of Technical
Committee B/514, was
published under the authority
of the Standards Board and
comes into effect on
15 February 1993

© BSI 02-1999 Amendments issued since publication

First published March 1974
Second edition February 1993 Amd No. Date Comments

The following BSI references

relate to the work on this
standard:
Committee reference B/514
Draft for comment 92/11949 DC

ISBN 0 580 21604 7

 BS 5080-1:1993

Contents

Page
Committees responsible Inside front cover
Foreword ii
1 Scope 1
2 References 1
3 Definitions 1
4 Base materials 1
5 Installation of fixing 6
6 Apparatus 7
7 Procedure 7
8 Presentation of results 8
9 Test report 8
Figure 1 — Under cut anchors: alternative profiles of undercuts in
Licensed copy:Heriot Watt University, 11/06/2004, Uncontrolled Copy, © BSI

the base material 1

Figure 2 — Types of fixing to show the dimensions required for
reporting their description 3
Figure 3 — A suitable form of loading apparatus 9
List of references Inside back cover

© BSI 02-1999 i
 BS 5080-1:1993

Foreword

This Part of BS 5080 has been prepared under the direction of Technical
Committee B/514, Access and support equipment. This edition introduces
technical changes but it does not reflect a full review or revision of the standard
which will be undertaken in due course. It supersedes BS 5080-1:1974 which is
withdrawn.
The principle changes from the 1974 edition are as follows:
a) a restriction has been added on the location of any reinforcement in the
standard specimen;
b) precautions have been included when using resin adhesives for bonding
fixings;
c) modifications have been made to the load application procedure;
d) a new figure has been included to clarify the definition of an undercut
anchor.
This Part of BS 5080 describes a standard method for conducting tests under
Licensed copy:Heriot Watt University, 11/06/2004, Uncontrolled Copy, © BSI

axial tensile forces on structural fixings installed in concrete or masonry

materials used in building and civil engineering construction. Part 2 describes a
standard method for conducting tests under shear forces on structural fixings.
A structural fixing joins, supports or retains components, and is designed to resist
some form of loading since its failure will have structural significance.
This method of test applies to fixings installed according to the supplier’s
recommended procedure in a solid base material. This test applies to the fixing
assembly comprising the fixing and the base material and not just the fixing
itself. Failure of a fixing assembly under an axial tensile force may be due to
failure of the material from which the fixing was manufactured, failure of the
base material in which it was installed or loss of adhesion between them.
This test does not apply to fixings used in conjunction with woodscrews,
e.g. small plugs of metal, plastics or fibrous composition, or fixings used with thin
rigid sheet materials, e.g. walls, roofs, partitions, or cavity fixings for use with
hollow clay or concrete block masonry.
Displacement fixings (pins or studs inserted by a cartridge operated tool) are not
included, as the method of test is not appropriate to their use. However, should a
design demand structural considerations and testing, the procedures given in this
standard should be followed as far as possible.
The test does not cover fixings when used in timber.
If this method of test is used for proof testing the applied load and/or relative
movement limits should be specified by the user.
A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a
contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application.
Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity
from legal obligations.

Summary of pages
This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii,
pages 1 to 10, an inside back cover and a back cover.
This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had
amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on
the inside front cover.

ii © BSI 02-1999
 BS 5080-1:1993

1 Scope 2 References
This Part of BS 5080 specifies a method for 2.1 Normative references
conducting tests under axial tensile forces on This Part of BS 5080 incorporates, by reference,
structural fixings installed in concrete or masonry provisions from specific editions of other
used in building and civil engineering. publications. These normative references are cited
The test applies to the following types of fixing at the appropriate points in the text and the
installed in concrete, natural stone, cast stone or publications are listed on the inside back cover.
brick or block masonry. Subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of
a) Expanding anchors. Anchors held in drilled these publications apply to this Part of BS 5080 only
holes by friction or wedging action. when incorporated in it by updating or revision.
b) Bonded fixings. Fixings held in drilled holes by 2.2 Informative references
grout or other bonding material. This Part of BS 5080 refers to other publications
c) Cast-in fixings. Anchor bolts and sockets cast that provide information or guidance. Editions of
into the material during construction. these publications current at the time of issue of this
Licensed copy:Heriot Watt University, 11/06/2004, Uncontrolled Copy, © BSI

standard are listed on the inside back cover, but

d) Channel inserts. Slots and channels cast into
reference should be made to the latest editions.
the material during construction.
e) Undercut anchors. Anchors held in drilled 3 Definitions
holes by interlocking in under-reamed shapes
formed during drilling or setting (see Figure 1). For the purposes of this Part of BS 5080 the
following definitions apply.
The two distinct situations in which the test can be
applied are as follows: 3.1
supplier
1) for comparative or reference purposes, for
which a standard specimen of base material is person who supplies or sells the fixing, and who may
specified in 4.1; be the manufacturer, a selling agent or retailer
2) for a specific application, for which the base 3.2
material should be appropriate to the intended user
use of the fixing. In this situation the base person who specifies the fixing for installation and
material may be either a specimen manufactured who may be the architect, consulting engineer,
for the purpose or a representative section of the contractor or subcontractor, according to the
base material in place. circumstances of the project
3.3
testing agent
person who carries out the tests described in this
standard, and who is responsible for ensuring
compliance with the standard
NOTE It is assumed in this standard that the test is
commissioned by the user although it may be commissioned by
the supplier who then becomes the user in this context.

4 Base materials
4.1 General
The dimensional criteria given in this clause are
intended to ensure that the behaviour under test of
any one fixing does not affect that of adjacent
fixings. The dimensions given are not to be taken in
any sense as guidance for field installation.
The standard specimen of base material shall be
manufactured from concrete in accordance with the
Figure 1 — Undercut anchors: alternative dimensional and casting requirements given below.
profiles of undercuts in the base material

© BSI 02-1999 1
 BS 5080-1:1993

4.2 Standard specimen of base material c) Water content: the water content of each batch
4.2.1 Specimen size should be adjusted to give a concrete medium
workability, equivalent to a slump of 25 mm
A single specimen may be used for the installation to 75 mm.
and testing of any number of fixings, provided that
the dimensional conditions are met. The dimensions d) Compaction: mechanical vibration (applied
externally or internally) shall be used to compact
for the different types of fixing are given in Figure 2.
the concrete.
These are based on a characteristic dimension A of
the fixing defined and shall be as follows: e) Curing: the specimen(s) shall be stored in moist
air of at least 90 % r.h. and 20 °C for the first two
a) expanding and undercut anchors, the hole
diameter or ¼ of the embedded length, whichever days after casting.
is the greater; Any reinforcement in the standard specimen shall
be so positioned as to offer no additional strength in
b) bonded fixings, the maximum diameter of the
the zone of interaction between the concrete and the
fixing or ¼ of the embedded length, whichever is
fixings.
the greater;
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c) cast-in fixings, the maximum dimension 4.2.3 Specimen report

perpendicular to the axis or ¼ of the maximum The report of the standard specimen shall comprise
embedded depth, whichever is the greater. the following:
The dimensions of the specimen shall be such that: a) the dimensions of the specimen;
1) there shall be a minimum of 4A below the b) the location in the specimen of the fixing(s)
maximum depth of the fixing or of the hole into being tested;
which it is inserted; c) the specification of the concrete mix, together
2) there shall be a minimum of 12A between the with the following additional information:
centre of any fixing and a free edge; 1) a description of the aggregates used in
3) there shall be a minimum of 20A between the accordance with the method given in
centres of any two fixings. Where fixings of two BS 812-1:1975;
different sizes are considered their distance shall 2) the quantity of water added, expressed as a
be taken as the sum of 10A for each fixing. water/cement ratio based on aggregates in the
NOTE For channel inserts it is not practicable to define a saturated surface dry condition;
characteristic dimension A, but the dimensions of the specimen
should, as far as possible, comply with the criteria for other 3) the slump achieved;
fixings. Allowance should be made for projecting ties or lugs. 4) a description of the compaction method;
The fixing shall be located in the specimen on any 5) a description of the curing method;
cast face, i.e. not on the top, trowelled face.
6) at the time of testing, the concrete age,
4.2.2 Concrete compressive strength and density; the
The concrete from which the standard specimen is compressive strength and the density shall be
prepared shall have the mix proportions specified determined according to the method given in
below. The quantities and proportions of material BS 1881-116:1983 and BS 1881-114:1983
given will produce approximately 0.28 m3 of fully respectively, (see 6.4).
compacted concrete. The batch weights should be 4.3 Standard specimen of other base materials
calculated as follows to suit the size of the mixer and
the actual quantity of concrete required. 4.3.1 Concrete
a) Portland cement; class 42.5 (conforming to The report shall comprise the description of its mix
BS 12:1991): 100 kg. proportions, including the type of cement and
aggregate, the location and type of any
b) Total aggregate (conforming to
reinforcement, the shape and dimensions of the cast
BS 882:1983): 510 kg (dry weight):
unit, and, when the fixing is tested, the concrete age,
1) coarse aggregate: flint gravel graded 20 mm compressive strength and density. If the concrete is
to 5 mm; an autoclaved aerated proprietary type, the
2) sand: natural sand as a proportion by mass manufacturer’s description of it shall be given. The
of the total aggregated content: compressive strength shall be determined according
grading C: 40 % to the method given in BS 1881-116:1983 either on
specimens cast from the same batch as that in which
grading M: 35 %
the fixing is installed, or on cores cut from the
grading F: 30 % concrete or by other suitable methods.

2 © BSI 02-1999
 BS 5080-1:1993
Licensed copy:Heriot Watt University, 11/06/2004, Uncontrolled Copy, © BSI

NOTE 1 Dr may be zero

NOTE 2 The type of thread, e.g. ISO metric, should be stated.

a) Expanding and undercut anchors

Figure 2 — Types of fixing to show the dimensions required
for reporting their description

© BSI 02-1999 3
 BS 5080-1:1993
Licensed copy:Heriot Watt University, 11/06/2004, Uncontrolled Copy, © BSI

Figure 2 — Types of fixing to show the dimensions required

for reporting their description (continued)

4 © BSI 02-1999
 BS 5080-1:1993
Licensed copy:Heriot Watt University, 11/06/2004, Uncontrolled Copy, © BSI

Figure 2 — Types of fixing to show the dimensions required for

reporting their description (concluded)

© BSI 02-1999 5
 BS 5080-1:1993

4.3.2 Natural stone f) a copy of the supplier’s recommended

The report shall comprise the description of its rock installation procedure with any additional
name, taken from BS 6100-5.2:1984 or observations on this procedure including the
BS 812-1:1975, its compressive strength, including tightening torque where relevant.
the manner in which this was measured, the shape 5.2 Bonded fixings
and dimensions of the block and the angle of the The hole shall be drilled and proprietary systems
fixing relative to any natural bedding plane. installed to the supplier’s recommended procedure.
4.3.3 Cast stone Non-proprietary systems, whether using resin
The report shall be the same as that for concrete adhesive or cement grout, shall be installed to the
in 4.3.1 except that its compressive strength shall user’s specification. The diameter of the drill bit
be measured in accordance with BS 1217:1986. used shall be as specified either by the supplier of
Where the cast stone consists partly of a facing the fixing for proprietary systems or by the user of
material and partly of a structural concrete both non-proprietary systems. The hole shall be normal
parts shall be described. to the base material surface. The fixing shall be
Licensed copy:Heriot Watt University, 11/06/2004, Uncontrolled Copy, © BSI

secured so that the axis of the threaded portion

4.3.4 Brick or block masonry remains normal to the surface of the base material
The report shall comprise the description of the during the placing and hardening of the bonding
variety and type of unit, as defined in BS 187:1978, material. As curing times for resin adhesives are
BS 3921:1985 or BS 6073-1:1981, together with the dependent on the formulation of the constituents
size and compressive strength measured according and the surrounding temperature, the test in 6.2
to the relevant British Standard. and 6.3 shall not be carried out until the adhesive
The thickness and bonding of the wall and the mix has fully cured in accordance with the supplier’s
proportions and strength, in accordance with recommendations.
BS 4551:1980, of the mortar shall be given. The report of installation shall comprise the
following:
5 Installation of fixing a) the supplier’s name and reference number for
5.1 Expanding and undercut anchors the system or other full description where
appropriate including the nominal hole diameter
The hole shall be drilled and the anchor installed to for which the fixing is intended and the nominal
the supplier’s recommended procedure. Where this
diameter of the threaded portion;
is incomplete a specified procedure shall be agreed
between the supplier, the user and the testing b) the specification of the material from which the
agent. The hole shall be normal to the base material fixing is made and its finish;
surface. The diameter of the drill bit and any other c) the actual diameter of the bit used to drill the
special feature used shall be as specified by the hole, measured to the nearest 0.1 mm before
supplier of the fixing. starting and after completion, and the type of
The report of installation shall comprise the drill employed, i.e. rotary, rotary-percussive or
following: hammer;
a) the supplier’s name and reference number for d) the embedded length and the hole depth to the
the fixing including the nominal hole diameter for nearest millimetre;
which the fixing is intended and the nominal e) the location of the fixing in the sample or
diameter and thread type of the threaded portion; specimen of base material;
b) the specification of the material from which the f) for resin systems, the type, source and adhesive
fixing is made and its finish; used;
c) the actual diameter of the bit used to drill the g) for cement grouts, the proportions of the
hole, measured to the nearest 0.1 mm before material used, including, if required by the user,
starting and after completion, and the type of its strength at the time of test, determined in
drill employed, i.e. rotary, rotary-percussive or accordance with BS 4551:1980;
hammer; h) a copy of the supplier’s recommended
d) the embedded length and, where relevant for installation procedure with any additional
impact expanded anchors, the hole depth, both to observations on this procedure or the user’s
the nearest millimetre; specification.
e) the location of the fixing in the sample or
specimen of base material;

6 © BSI 02-1999
 BS 5080-1:1993

5.3 Cast-in fixings Relative movement between the fixing and the base
The fixing shall be installed according to the material shall be measured to an accuracy
supplier’s recommended procedure or the user’s of 0.02 mm. The measuring instrument shall be
specification. The fixing shall be secured so that the supported on one or more reference points,
axis of the threaded portion remains normal to the independent of the loading frame, fixed to the base
surface of the base material while it hardens. material at least 12A from the axis of the fixing and
shall be arranged to read directly the movement of
The report of installation shall comprise the the head of the fixing.
following:
An example of a suitable form of the apparatus is
a) the supplier’s name and reference number for shown in Figure 3.
the fixing or other full description where
NOTE Where tests are carried out for a specific application it
appropriate; may not be possible to comply with these dimensional
b) the size and shape of the fixing including a requirements. In such situations every effort should be made to
prevent the reaction forces from influencing the load-carrying
diagram where possible; performance of the fixing assembly. For example, the base
c) the specification of the material from which the material should not be restrained in such a way that a normal
Licensed copy:Heriot Watt University, 11/06/2004, Uncontrolled Copy, © BSI

fixing is made and its finish; failure mode is prevented.

d) the embedded length of the fixing to the 7 Procedure

nearest millimetre and details of any attachment
of the fixing to reinforcement in the base 7.1 Load application
material; 7.1.1 General
e) the location of the fixing in the sample or Initially a force sufficient to take up any slack in the
specimen of base material; apparatus and attachment shall be applied. This
f) the specification of the bolts used in socket type force shall not exceed 1 % of the anticipated
fixings. ultimate force. Readings taken at this stage
5.4 Channel inserts constitute the base from which subsequent relative
movement shall be measured. The load shall be
The insert shall be installed according to the applied either continuously or incrementally.
supplier’s recommended procedure. The fixing shall NOTE The measuring instruments may require protection
be secured so that it remains parallel to the surface from impact in the event of sudden fixing or base material failure.
of the base material while it hardens. 7.1.2 Continuous loading
The report of installation shall comprise the
The rate of load application shall be such that the
following:
stress on the core diameter area increases at a rate
a) the supplier’s name and reference number for of between 9 N/(mm2·s) and 11 N/(mm2·s). A
the insert including details and location of any simultaneously recorded graph of applied force and
lugs attached to it; relative movement shall be made.
b) the specification of the material from which the Loading shall continue until failure of the fixing
insert is made and its finish; device or base material, or until the device has
c) the length of the insert to the nearest pulled at least 5 mm past the point at which the
millimetre; applied force reaches a maximum at which stage the
d) the embedded depth to the nearest millimetre; test can be terminated.
e) the location of the fixing in the sample or 7.1.3 Incremental loading
specimen of base material. Loading shall be increased by substantially equal
increments, the applied force and relative
6 Apparatus movement being recorded at each increment.
An axial tensile force shall be applied to the fixing Sufficient readings shall be taken to enable a graph
by means of a loading frame acting through an of applied force and relative movement to be drawn.
attachment designed to suit the fixing. The reaction Loading shall continue until failure of the fixing
of the loading frame shall be applied to the base device or base materials or until the device has
material at least 8A (see 4.1.1) from the axis of the pulled at least 5 mm past the point of maximum
fixing. The loading frame shall be aligned to ensure applied force at which point the test may be
axial application of the tensile force, which shall be terminated.
measured to within an accuracy of 5 % by means of
a pressure gauge, proving ring, load cell or other
suitable device.

© BSI 02-1999 7
 BS 5080-1:1993

At higher loads, when displacement may occur with e) deformation of the component parts of the
little corresponding increase in applied force, fixing device, e.g. thread stripping;
readings should be taken at increments of f) tensile or bond failure of bars or lugs attached
movement rather than load. Relaxation of load may to cast-in fixings or channel inserts.
also occur; the load level and the resulting
For each series of tests with a given type and size of
movement has to stabilize before readings are taken
fixing, the mean and standard deviation for the
and before the next increment is applied.
applied force at a relative movement of 0.2 mm and
NOTE In order to produce a graph it will be necessary to obtain
about 10 readings of applied force and relative movement.
at the ultimate force shall be calculated.
7.2 Variations in load application The standard deviation (S) is given by the following:

The test procedure described in 7.1 may be modified

for axial tension under different loading conditions
such as sustained loading, cyclic loading and impact
loading. Until more specific guidance is available
where
the test procedure should be agreed between the
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user and the testing agent, but should as far as S is the standard deviation;
possible follow the procedure given in this standard. x is the individual test result;
7.3 Base material strength at time of test x is the arithmetic mean of the results;
Tests in the standard specimen of base material n is the number of tests.
shall be carried out when the concrete has attained
a compressive strength of 30 N/mm2 ± 3 N/mm2. The fixing and the base material should be
NOTE 1 This strength will be achieved at an age
examined wherever possible after completion of the
approximately 7 to 10 days with the mix prescribed. test and any significant features noted.
NOTE 2 For tests in other base materials, the strength that the
material should attain before the tests are carried out should be 9 Test report
agreed between the user and the testing agent.
The testing agent shall provide a report giving the
7.4 Number of tests
following information for each type and size of
For tests in the standard specimen of base material, fixing:
five samples of each type and size of fixing device
a) confirmation that the test has been carried out
shall be tested.
in accordance with this Part of BS 5080. If tests
NOTE For other applications, the number of tests should be are carried out on site then any deviation from
agreed between the user and the testing agent, but preferably
at least five of each type and size should be tested. the requirements of this standard shall be
detailed;
8 Presentation of results b) the name and location of the testing authority
Each test shall be reported individually by plotting and the date the test was carried out;
a graph of the force applied to the fixing against c) the specification and description of the base
relative movement. It is recommended that the material as defined in clause 4;
same unit length on the scales should d) the description of the installation of the fixing
represent 5 kN applied force and 1 mm relative as defined in clause 5;
movement.
e) the method of loading, either continuous or
The graph should be annotated to describe fully the incremental as defined in clause 7;
behaviour of the fixing assembly throughout the
f) where the dimensional requirements for
test. Behavioural characteristics may include the
clause 6 cannot be complied with, e.g. in tests
following:
described in the note to clause 6, a description of
a) movement of expanding anchors or bonded the test layout with the dimensions adopted shall
fixings by slipping in their pre-drilled hole; be reported;
b) onset of cracking in the base material; g) the testing procedure if modified as allowed
c) rupture of base material, differentiating in 7.2;
between the characteristic mode of failure in h) the presentation of results as defined in
which a roughly conical block of material clause 8.
surrounding the fixing is pulled away and
splitting of the material through the plane of the
fixing;
d) tensile fracture of the fixing device;

8 © BSI 02-1999
 BS 5080-1:1993
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NOTE The dimension A is defined for each type of fixing in 4.2.1

Figure 3 — A suitable form of loading apparatus

© BSI 02-1999 9
Licensed copy:Heriot Watt University, 11/06/2004, Uncontrolled Copy, © BSI

10
blank
 BS 5080-1:1993

List of references (see clause 2)

Normative references

BSI standards publications

BRITISH STANDARDS INSTITUTION, London

BS 12:1991, Specification for Portland cement.

BS 187:1978, Specification for calcium silicate (sandlime and flintlime bricks).
BS 812, Testing aggregates.
BS 812-1:1975, Methods for determination of particle size and shape.
BS 882:1983, Specification for aggregates from natural sources for concrete.
BS 1217:1986, Specification for cast stone.
BS 1881, Testing concrete.
BS 1881-114:1983, Methods for determination of density of hardened concrete.
Licensed copy:Heriot Watt University, 11/06/2004, Uncontrolled Copy, © BSI

BS 1881-116:1983, Method for determination of compressive strength of concrete cubes.

BS 3921:1985, Specification for clay bricks.
BS 4551:1980, Methods of testing mortars, screeds and plasters.
BS 6073, Precast concrete masonry units.
BS 6073-1:1981, Specification for precast concrete masonry units.
BS 6100, Glossary of building and civil engineering terms.
BS 6100-5, Masonry.
BS 6100-5.2:1984, Stone.

Informative references

BSI standards publications

BRITISH STANDARDS INSTITUTION, London

BS 5080, Methods for test for structural fixings in concrete and masonry.
BS 5080-2:1986, Method for determination of resistance to loading in shear.

© BSI 02-1999
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