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Topic 5. Graphical Methods of Data Representation

Graphical methods of data represention

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yvonneisah02
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24 views

Topic 5. Graphical Methods of Data Representation

Graphical methods of data represention

Uploaded by

yvonneisah02
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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5.

0 Topic 5: Graphical methods of data representation

Learners, in this topic you will learn about the construction of pie charts, bar graphs, histograph and
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frequency polygons given raw data. You will also attempt an interpretation of the graphs.
5.1 Objectives

By the end of this topic you should be able to construct:


 Pie charts and Bar graphs to represent qualitative data
 Histogram and Frequency polygons
 Interpret the graphs

5.2 This topic consists of two sections namely;


Section 1: Pie charts and Bar graphs
Section 2: Histograph and Frequency polygons

Let us discuss each one of them in details

5.2.1. Pie charts


A pie chart is a circular chart that is divided into different pieces (sectors) that represents
the proportion of the data to the whole. It’s fairly a simple graph that is understood by a
majority of people. It’s useful in showing qualitative data e.g

Degree B.Ed B.A Law MBA MSc PhD


Frequency 8 3 2 1 4 2

From the pie chart it can easily be seen that a majority of the teachers (8) holds a B.Ed
degree.

5.2.2 Bar graphs


These are are a series of vertical rectangles of equal width either jointed or disjointed. Bar
graphs enable us compare the quantity of each category. They are also useful in
representing qualitative data.
e.g

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Degree B.Ed B.A Law MBA MSc PhD
Frequency 8 3 2 1 4 2

Construct a bar graph to represent the data

Answer to the question

It is important to realize that the data given here is qualitative in nature.

Again we can see from the bar graph that the tolest bar is that corresponding to
B.Ed to show that a majority of teachers (8) in the schools of county hold a B.Ed degree
followed by an MSc (4) something we could not easily see from the raw data.

? The following is information on time in minutes taken by a group of students to perform a


task: 2 3 2 1 3 2 4 3 2 3
1 2 3 5 4 2 3 1 4 5
3 2 1 4 5 1 3 4 4 2
1 2 3 4 5 5 4 5 4 5
3 .2.3(a)
Grouped frequency
Construct distributions
a frequency distribution table to represent the data
If the information is en-masse, we to
(b) Hence draw a bar graph represent
need the data
to construct a grouped frequency distribution

5.2.3 Histogram
A Histogram lends itself easily to quantitative data. For instance the table bellow shows
scores obtained by 50 candidates in a History test:

Scores 29 - 36 37 - 44 45 - 52 53 - 60 61 - 68 69 -76 77 – 84 85 – 92 93 - 100


No. of students 1 2 3 4 8 13 9 8 2

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It is important to realize that en-masse data must first be represented in grouped
frequency distribution before any graph is constructed.

We can see from the table that a majority of students (13) obtained a score ranging
from 69 – 76 in the test something that we could not easily see from the raw data.

Table 1: Scores obtained by students in a Mathematics test in term two 2015


Marks 0 - 20 21 - 41 42 - 62 63 - 95
No. of students 5 10 8 3
Source: Director of study’s office, Kisumu Boys’ high school

5.2.4 Frequency polygon

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5.2.5 Summary Topic 5

In this topic, you have learnt about ……………………………………………..

5.2.6 In Sections 1, 2 and 3 of this topic, you were introduced to the concept of tabulation, pie
char, bar graph, histogram and frequency polygon. You also learnt how to interpret the
graphs

Discuss with your colleagues other questions on the topic from other sources such
as books and internet

Learning outcomes
You have now completed this topic and the learning outcomes are listed below. Put a tick
in the column which reflects your understanding.

No. Learning Outcome Sure Not Sure

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1. I can now define a pie chat , bar graph and
histogram

2. I can now construct a pie chart to represent


data

3. I can now construct a bar graph to represent


data

4. I can now construct a histogram and


frequency polygon to represent data

5. I can now interpret information


represented by pie chart, bar graph and
histogram

If you have put a tick at the ‘not’ sure column, please go back and study that
section in the topic before proceeding. If you have ticked ‘sure’ in all the
columns you are ready for the next topic. Congratulations! You can move to
the next topic.

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