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INTERNATIONAL ISO

STANDARD 3457

Fourth edition
2003-05-15

Earth-moving machinery — Guards —


Definitions and requirements
Engins de terrassement — Protecteurs — Définitions et exigences

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ISO 3457:2003
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Reference number
ISO 3457:2003(E)

© ISO 2003
ISO 3457:2003(E)

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ISO 3457:2003
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© ISO 2003
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means,
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ISO 3457:2003(E)

Contents Page

Foreword ............................................................................................................................................................ iv
Introduction ........................................................................................................................................................ v
1 Scope...................................................................................................................................................... 1
2 Normative references ........................................................................................................................... 1
3 Terms and definitions........................................................................................................................... 1
4 General requirements ........................................................................................................................... 2
5 Barrier guards ....................................................................................................................................... 3
6 Fenders .................................................................................................................................................. 3
7 Fan guards ............................................................................................................................................. 3
8 Thermal guards ..................................................................................................................................... 4
9 Hose guards .......................................................................................................................................... 4
10 Distance guarding................................................................................................................................. 4
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Bibliography ..................................................................................................................................................... 11

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© ISO 2003 — All rights reserved iii


ISO 3457:2003(E)

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.

International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.

The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.

ISO 3457 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 127, Earth-moving machinery, Subcommittee SC 2,
Safety requirements and human factors.
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This fourth edition cancels and replaces the third edition (ISO 3457:1986), which has been technically revised.
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ISO 3457:2003
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iv © ISO 2003 — All rights reserved


ISO 3457:2003(E)

Introduction
This International Standard provides performance requirements for guards and other means of protecting
personnel from unintentional contact with common mechanical, fluid or thermal hazards on earthmoving
machinery during normal machine operation and routine maintenance. Relationships between the distance
separating a guard from a hazardous component and the guard opening size based on anthropometric data
are included.

Some factors having a significant effect upon personnel protection, such as operator and service personnel
training, experience and careful practice, are outside the scope of this International Standard.

Deviations from these requirements to allow technological advances in machine systems and designs are
permissible. In complying with this International Standard, the following three safety principles are to be
considered, in the order given, based on feasibility:

a) eliminate potential hazards by machine design;

b) guard against contact with sources of potential safety hazards if elimination by design is not feasible;

c) warn of potential safety hazards where neither a) nor b) is feasible.


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ISO 3457:2003
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ISO 3457:2003
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 3457:2003(E)

Earth-moving machinery — Guards — Definitions and


requirements

1 Scope
This International Standard defines principal terms and specifies requirements for, and characteristics of,
guards and other means of protecting personnel from mechanical, fluid or thermal hazards associated with the
operation and routine maintenance of earth-moving machinery as defined in ISO 6165, when used as
intended by the manufacturer.

2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
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ISO 2867, Earth-moving machinery — Access systems
(standards.iteh.ai)
ISO 3411, Earth-moving machinery — Human physical dimensions of operators and minimum operator space
envelope ISO 3457:2003
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ISO 6165, Earth-moving machinery — 10a6acc9f3be/iso-3457-2003
Basic types — Vocabulary

ISO 6682, Earth-moving machinery — Zones of comfort and reach for controls

ISO 9244, Earth-moving machinery — Safety signs and hazard pictorials — General principles

ISO 12508, Earth-moving machinery — Operator station and maintenance areas — Bluntness of edges

3 Terms and definitions


For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.

3.1
guard
protective device, alone or combined with other parts of the machine, designed and fitted to minimize the
possibility of contact with a potentially hazardous machine component

3.1.1
barrier guard
guard that restricts the movement of a person’s body or a part of it, in order to avoid its contact with a machine
component or exposure to other, similar hazards

EXAMPLE Rail, frame, cover or enclosure.

© ISO 2003 — All rights reserved 1


ISO 3457:2003(E)

3.1.2
fender
guard partially covering the wheels or tracks of a machine which restricts material that may be thrown by the
wheels or tracks, and which can also be used to limit the operator’s contact with moving parts

3.1.3
fan guard
structure covering the engine cooling fan to protect against inadvertent contact with the rotating fan

3.1.4
thermal guard
guard that protects persons from contact with hot parts of the machine, and which can also be used to provide
a heat barrier between the hot part and flammable materials

3.1.5
hose guard
guard that provides protection from potential harmful fluid spray in the event of a hose failure

3.2
distance guarding
means of providing protection by which the possibility of inadvertent contact with a hazardous component is
minimized by the combination of the guard configuration (including openings) and the distance (safety
distance) between the guard and the component, and, additionally, separation distances (minimum gap) of
crush points in relation to body parts

3.3
routine maintenance
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action recommended by the manufacturer to be performed daily to maintain proper performance of a machine

EXAMPLE Lubrication, refueling, adjustments, preventive maintenance, cleaning and inspections.


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4 General requirements
4.1 If a significant risk of injury exists from moving parts, hot parts or parts containing fluid, such hazards
shall be addressed by design, by guarding, by locating beyond safety distances or by warning. Where it is
necessary for machine components to be exposed in order for them to perform their intended function,
guarding shall be provided to the extent permitted by proper operation or use. When guarding cannot
eliminate the hazard associated with operating conditions as specified by the machine manufacturer,
appropriate safety warnings in accordance with ISO 9244 shall be applied.

4.2 Guards shall be attached to the machine with common fasteners or other effective means. Access
doors and guards which need to be opened for routine or daily maintenance, inspection or cleaning

 shall be easy to open and close,

 shall remain attached by a hinge, tether, or other suitable means,

 shall include means to keep them closed and, when required, open, and,

 if they need to be removed and exceed 20 kg, shall be provided with hand holds or lift points or both.

4.3 Guards which need to be opened for maintenance shall be free of sharp edges and corners (see
ISO 12508) and projections, and have sufficient strength under expected climatic and operational conditions
for their intended use.

4.4 Each guard (excluding hose guards) shall be sufficiently rigid to avoid deflection into the hazardous
component and to avoid detrimental permanent deformation under the following loads applied by means of a
125 mm diameter disc:

2 © ISO 2003 — All rights reserved


ISO 3457:2003(E)

a) if a person can touch the guard — 250 N applied at possible points of contact;

b) if a person can fall or lean against the guard — 500 N applied at possible points of contact;

c) if the guard also serves as a step or platform of the access system — 2 000 N applied at any location on
the surface (see ISO 2867).

4.5 Rotating shafts that constitute a hazard shall be guarded either by barrier or distance guarding or by
warning.

5 Barrier guards
5.1 The safety distance from a hazardous component to a barrier guard is measured from the nearest
location a person can occupy in proximity to the component. See Clause 10.

5.2 Barrier guards that cause restricted operator visibility during operation, such as side guarding on skid
steer loaders, shall have opening dimensions not greater than 40 mm by 80 mm or an equivalent opening
area.

6 Fenders
6.1 Fenders shall be provided on machines without a cab if there is risk of injury to the operator from
inadvertent contact with moving wheels or tracks. The manufacturer shall be able to substantiate the choice of
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distances for determining the minimization of risk.

6.2
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Fenders shall be provided if there is risk of injury to the operator or of damage to critical information
displays from material being thrown from the wheels or tracks. The area of protection shall include the
operator’s space envelope as defined in ISOISO 3457:2003
3411.
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If fenders are fitted, the determination of the covering length and width in accordance with 6.1 and 6.2
shall also take into consideration factors such as the required operator visibility of the wheels or tracks, the
longitudinal and transverse position of the operator’s space envelope relative to the wheels or tracks, the
circumferential speed of the wheels or tracks, and the required area of protection.

6.4 Fenders that are a part of the access system shall be in accordance with ISO 2867.

7 Fan guards
7.1 An enclosed engine compartment shall satisfy fan guarding requirements when the manufacturer's
recommended routine maintenance is performed with the engine off. A safety warning sign (see ISO 9244)
shall be provided, and included in the operator's manual.

7.2 If the engine cooling fan can be reached by a person standing on the ground or on a platform, guarding
shall be provided to protect against inadvertent contact with the fan. The distance from the guard to the fan
and the guard opening size shall be in accordance with Table 1.

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