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TVL-AFA
ORGANIC AGRICULTURE
Quarter 1 – Module 4:
PREPARE COMPOSTING AREA
AND RAW MATERIALS
TLE – Grade 12
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Module 4 Prepare Composting Area and Raw Materials
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module

Writers: Rosie C. Baldelovar, Analiza Pampora
Editors: Rosemarie Elum, Jonathan Bayaton, Jefferd Alegado
Reviewers: Rosemarie Elum, Jonathan Bayaton
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Layout Artist: Aisa C. Ibero
Management Team: Senen Priscillo P. Paulin, CESO V Rosela R. Abiera
Fay C. Luarez, TM, Ed.D., Ph.D. Maricel S. Rasid
Adolf P. Aguilar Elmar L. Cabrera
Nilita R. Ragay, Ed.D.
Antonio B. Baguio, Ed.D.

Printed in the Philippines by ________________________

Department of Education –Region VII Schools Division of Negros Oriental

Office Address: Kagawasan, Ave., Daro, Dumaguete City, Negros Oriental

Tele #: (035) 225 2376 / 541 1117
E-mail Address: [email protected]
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TVL
Quarter 1 – Module 4:
Prepare Composting Area and
Raw Materials
(Gather materials for organic fertilizer based
on production requirements and PNS )
 What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help
you master the nature of Organic Agriculture. The scope of this module permits it
to be used in many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the
diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the
standard sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be
changed to correspond with the textbook you are now using.

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. gather materials for organic fertilizer based on production requirements and
PNS ;
2. identify different compost materials for organic fertilizers;
3. show interest on the topic by choosing the right compost materials for
organic fertilizer.

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 What I Know

A. MULTIPLE CHOICES
Direction: Read each item carefully. Write the correct answers in your notebook.
Let us determine how much you already know about compost materials.
1. A compost materials that decompose slowly.
a. Cardboard
b. Corn cobs
c. Diseased plants
d. Lime
2. Vegetable scraps, coffee grounds and filter, paper, cardboard and yard clipping
are example of _______.
a. Organic scraps
b. Compost pile
c. Compost
d. All of the above
3. What should be added to cardboard to speed up decomposition?
a. Oil and vinegar
b. Oil and detergent
c. Water and vinegar
d. Water and detergent
4. This compost material is highly absorbs moisture and slow to decompose.
a. Wood chips
b. Sod
c. Peat moss
d. Wood ashes
5. The process of transforming organic materials of plant or animal into humus in
heaps or pits.
a. Compost
b. Decompose
c. Fertilization
d. Pollination

Test II: True or False:

Direction: Write the word TRUE if the statement is correct and the word FALSE if it
is wrong. Write your answer before the number.
____1. Peanut shells are slow to decompose and can be pulverized with the
shredder.
____2. Changes in pile chemistry can cause nutrient imbalance.
____3. Weed seeds is best to use when green and no seed heads present.
____4. Wood chip decompose slowly.
____5. Materials put into compost pile have a major impact on how well the
composting process work and the quality of the final compost.

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Lesson PREPARE COMPOSTING
AREA AND RAW
1 MATERIALS
Inside this module are topics intended for your learning. Gathering of
materials for organic fertilizer based on production requirements and PNS is taught
in this module. Many of these compost materials can be found at home and access
to them is easy. Enjoy reading this module and work on different activities filled
with fun.

What’s In

Before proceeding to discussion, recall prior knowledge on compost

materials for organic fertilizer. Copy and write your answers in your notebook.

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that

will help you in guiding the learners.

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 What’s New

Compost is organic material that can be added to soil to help plants grow.
Food scraps and yard waste together currently make up more than 28 percent of
what we throw away, and should be composted instead. Making compost keeps
these materials out of landfills where they take up space and release methane, a
potent greenhouse gas.

Types of Composting

Cold composting is as simple as collecting yard waste or taking out the

organic materials in your trash (such as fruit and vegetable peels, coffee grounds
and filters, and eggshells) and then corralling them in a pile or bin. Over the course
of a year or so, the material will decompose.

Hot composting is for the more serious gardener but a faster process—
you'll get compost in one to three months during warm weather. Four ingredients
are required for fast-cooking hot compost: nitrogen, carbon, air, and water.
Together, these items feed microorganisms, which speed up the process of decay.

What is It

Gather materials for organic fertilizer based on production requirements and

PNS

Materials for Composting

1. Farm animal manure- Must be composted
2. Straw and bedding
3. Crop residues- Must be pesticide-free
4. Fruit & vegetable wastes- Must be pesticide-free
5. Food and seafood processing wastes
6. Grass clippings- Must be pesticide-free
7. Sawdust & other wood wastes- Use in moderation, low nutrient value
8. Newspaper and leaves- black ink only, <25%, must be shredded
The raw materials must be properly prepared before mixing and the start of
composting. Most organic materials must be shredded or ground to reduce particle
size and help make them less resistant to decay.

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What to Compost

The materials you put into your compost pile have a major impact on how
well the composting process works and the quality of the final compost. The key to
good composting is to have a variety of materials and a balanced carbon to nitrogen
ratio. Variety increases the types of microorganisms at work in your pile and your
chances of obtaining nutrient-rich compost. Some people think they don’t have
enough organic material to build and maintain a compost pile. In addition to the
leaves and grass clippings that we usually think of composting, there are numerous
other suitable organic materials. Most of these materials are easy to find at home.
Occasionally, it may be helpful to find free or cheap local sources of organics to add
to a pile.

Commonly Used Compostable Materials

As you are collecting materials around your yard and home, it may not be
easy to determine if materials are higher in carbon or nitrogen. Tables showing
carbon to nitrogen ratios for particular materials are helpful, but they usually only
show a limited number of materials. A simple method for differentiating between
materials is to remember that fresh, juicy materials are usually higher in nitrogen.
Also, materials of animal origin (such as feathers, manure, blood meal) are typically
higher in nitrogen. Drier, older, or woody vegetable and plant tissues are usually
higher in carbon. The following table helps to illustrate this point. The presence of
carbon, nitrogen, or oxygen in the C/N column indicates whether a material’s effect
on compost would be carbonaceous (C), nitrogenous (N), or other (O). Materials
designated as other (O) do not affect the C: N ratio.

Note: Before adding food scraps and lake weeds to your composting pile, check with
your municipality to make sure that there are no restrictions on their use.

Compostable Materials Requiring Special Handling

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 Cardboard (non-recyclable)
Slow to decompose. Shred into small pieces. If desired, put in water and add a drop
of detergent to further speed decomposition.

Corn cobs and stalks

Slow to decompose. Run through shredder or chop into very small pieces, mix with
nitrogen-rich material.

Diseased plants
Diseases may be hard to eliminate. Sun-bake plants in a plastic bag until
thoroughly dried, or leave in a hot pile (131°-140°F) at least one week, or burn and
put ashes in pile, or omit from the pile.

Grass clippings with chemicals

Pesticides and herbicides are a concern, degradability ranges from one to twelve
months. Do not use clippings as garden mulch for at least 2-3 weeks (or after 2
mowing’s) after chemical application.

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 Hedge trimmings
Slow to decompose. Thin layers of hedge trimmings can be used occasionally for
roughage; chop twigs and branches into small pieces.

Lime
Changes pile chemistry, cause nitrogen loss, and too much lime hurts bacteria and
other microorganisms. Omit from the pile or use very sparingly in thin layers if the
pile is going anaerobic (do not mix with manure).

Peanut shell
Slow to decompose. Pulverize with the shredder.

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 Sawdust
Slow to decompose, can negatively affect aeration. Work into the pile in thin
sprinklings, mix with nitrogen-rich material.

Sod
Slow to decompose. Break into small clumps, mix thoroughly with other materials
or cover top of the pile with roots up, grass down (better in fall), or compost
separately with roots side up, water thoroughly, cover with a dark tarp

Peat moss
Highly moisture absorbent, slow to decompose. Mix thoroughly with other
materials, add in small quantities. If possible, soak peat moss in warm water before
adding to the pile.

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 Soil
Can make finished compost heavy. Add small quantities in thin layers as soil
activator or omit from the pile (finished compost produces the same results and
typically weighs less).

Weeds, pernicious
The rhizomatous root system is hard to kill. Sun-bake in a plastic bag until
thoroughly dried or omit from the pile. Weed seeds hard to kill. Best to use when
green and no seed heads present or leave in a hot pile (131-140°F) at least one
week

Wood ashes
Changes in pile chemistry can cause nutrient imbalance. Use very sparingly in thin
layers; do not use on top of the pile or omit from the pile.

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 Wood chips
Slow to decompose. Shred or chop into very small pieces; mix with nitrogen-rich
material.

What’s More

Direction: Read the items inside the box. Circle the ones that are organic and can
be composted. Copy and answer in a short bondpaper.

styrofoam cup newspaper grass clippings peaches

plastic bag orange peel twigs notebook

computer crayon banana peel pine needles

glass bottle celery stalks avocado peel television

adhesive tape aluminum can leaves tree branch

lettuce paper clip tangerine envelope

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 What I Have Learned

1. The materials put into compost pile have a major impact on how well the
composting process works and the quality of the final compost.
2. Most of the organic materials for composting are easy to fine at home and are
shredded or ground to reduce particle size and help make them less resistant to
decay.
3. Cardboard is put in water added with a drop of detergent to further speed
decomposition.
4. Compostable materials requiring special handling are the following:
⚫ Cardboard
⚫ Corn cobs and stalks
⚫ Diseased plants
⚫ Grass clippings with chemicals
⚫ Hedge trimmings
⚫ Lime
⚫ Peanut shell
⚫ Sawdust
⚫ Sod
⚫ Peat moss
⚫ Soil
⚫ Weeds, pernicious
⚫ Wood ashes
⚫ Wood chips

What I Can Do

Instruction: Go out and gather different organic materials found outside

your home. Do not forget to wear your protective equipment while doing the
activity. Be careful in using sharp objects. Please observe Occupational
Health and Safety always. Take photos of every activity that you perform.

Criteria for gathering organic materials

Criteria 30 points 25 points 15 points

Quality Assembled organic fresh, Picked up organic Collected only
juicy materials are usually materials that are one kind of
higher in nitrogen, carbon, carbonaceous and organic waste.
chemical, and toxins free nitrogenous (like;

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 (like; fruits, vegetables, grasses, fresh and
grasses, manure, fresh and dried leaves).
dried leaves, straw,
vegetable crops, and
others).
Quantity Collected 1 sack of organic Gathered 3/4 sack of Congregated 1/2
materials that are rich in organic wastes that are sack of
carbon and nitrogen. nitrogenous and nitrogenous and
carbonaceous. carbonaceous.
Speed Performed the proper Practiced the proper Executed the
gathering of materials collection of organic correct way of
within 1 hour and 40 waste within 1 hour collecting organic
minutes. and 50 minutes. materials within
120 minutes.
Used of Wear the complete Personal Use only 2-3 Personal Did not bring any
Personal Protective Equipment Protective Equipment of the PPE.
Protective during the gathering (like; during collection.
Equipment boots, gloves, hat, mask,
and jacket).
Used of Tools Use appropriate tools and Use some prescribed Use only one tool
and equipment in gathering tools and equipment as in getting organic
Equipment organic materials. a substitute in the waste.
absence of other tools.
Good Practice good working and Sometimes apply good Working without
working and safety habits at all times. working and safety observing good
safety habits habits. working and
safety habits.
TOTAL

Assessment

Test II: True or False:

Direction: Write the word TRUE if the statement is correct and the word FALSE if it
is wrong. Write your answer in a separate sheet and submit to the teacher.
____1. Peanut shells are slow to decompose and can be pulverized with the
shredder.
____2. Changes in pile chemistry can cause nutrient imbalance.
____3. Weed seeds is best to use when green and no seed heads present.
____4. Wood chip decompose slowly.
____5. Materials put into compost pile have a major impact on how well the
composting process work and the quality of the final compost.

MULTIPLE CHOICES
Direction: Read each item carefully. Write the correct answers in a separate sheet
and submit it to your teacher. Let us determine how much you already know about
composting.
1. A compost materials that decompose slowly.
a. Cardboard
b. Corn cobs

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 c. Diseased plants
d. Lime
2. Vegetable scraps, coffee grounds and filter, paper, cardboard and yard clipping
are example of _______.
a. Organic scraps
b. Compost pile
c. Compost
d. All of the above
3. What should be added to cardboard to speed up decomposition?
a. Oil and vinegar
b. Oil and detergent
c. Water and vinegar
d. Water and detergent
4. This compost material is highly absorbs moisture and slow to decompose.
a. Wood chips
b. Sod
c. Peat moss
d. Wood ashes
5. The process of transforming organic materials of plant or animal into humus in
heaps or pits.
a. Compost
b. Decompose
c. Fertilization
d. Pollination

Answer Key

Tree branch
5. TRUE 5. A Peaches
4. TRUE 4. C Tangerine
3. TRUE 3. D Leaves
2. TRUE 2. A Avocado peel
1. TRUE 1. A and B Banana peel
II. II. Twigs
5. A Grass clippings
4. C 5. TRUE Celery stalks
3. D 4. TRUE Orange peel
2. A 3. TRUE Newspaper
1. A & B 2. TRUE Lettuce
I 1. TRUE
What I Know Assessment What’s More

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References

Content:
Anacleto B. Coronel, MS., DVM. A primeron Animal Husbandry Technology and
Livelihood Education III .Agriculture and Fishery. Animal Production. SEDP
SERIES

Competency Based-Learning Material

Animal Production NC II Module 1-6 Deciding to Raise Poultry pages 1-14

http://lessismore.org/materials/72-benefits-of-composting/

https://www.epa.gov/recycle/composting-home

Images:

https://poultrymanual.com/poultry-philippines-chicken-breeds

https://www.bing.com/images/search?q=Hubbard+chicken&FORM=HDRSC2

http://www.filipinopoultry.com/index.php/2016/05/23/chicken-breeds-in-
philippines/

https://www.bing.com/images/search?q=Houses%20for%20Chicks%2FBrooders%
20in%20the%20philippines&qs=n&form=QBIR&sp=-
1&pq=houses%20for%20chicks%2Fbrooders%20in%20the%20philippines&sc
=0-45&sk=&cvid=51701CC9666441AEA2D030BE12BFF6A3.

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For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Schools Division of Negros Oriental

Kagawasan, Avenue, Daro, Dumaguete City, Negros Oriental

Tel #: (035) 225 2376 / 541 1117

Email Address: [email protected]
Website: lrmds.depednodis.net