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    Javascript Variables

    Uploaded by

    Rakesh Kumar

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    Javascript Variables

    Uploaded by

    Rakesh Kumar
    6 views10 pages

    Original Title

    Javascript_Variables[1]

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

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    6 views10 pages

    Javascript Variables

    Uploaded by

    Rakesh Kumar

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
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    JavaScript Variables

    Variables are used to store data in JavaScript. Variables are


    used to store reusable values. The values of the variables are
    allocated using the assignment operator(“=”). Variables are
    Containers for Storing Data.
    JavaScript Variables can be declared in 4 ways:
     Automatically
     Using var
     Using let
     Using const
    In this first example, x, y, and z are undeclared variables.
    They are automatically declared when first used:
    Example
    x = 5;
    y = 6;
    z = x + y;
    From the examples you can guess:
     x stores the value 5
     y stores the value 6
     z stores the value 11
    Example using var

    var x = 5;
    var y = 6;
    var z = x + y;

    Note

    The var keyword was used in all JavaScript code from 1995 to
    2015.

    The let and const keywords were added to JavaScript in 2015.

    The var keyword should only be used in code written for older
    browsers.
    Example using let

    let x = 5;
    let y = 6;
    let z = x + y;

    Mixed Example

    const price1 = 5;
    const price2 = 6;
    let total = price1 + price2;

    The two variables price1 and price2 are declared with


    the const keyword.

    These are constant values and cannot be changed.

    The variable total is declared with the let keyword.

    The value total can be changed.

    When to Use var, let, or const?

    1. Always declare variables

    2. Always use const if the value should not be changed

    3. Always use const if the type should not be changed (Arrays


    and Objects)

    4. Only use let if you can't use const

    5. Only use var if you MUST support old browsers.

    Just Like Algebra

    Just like in algebra, variables hold values:

    let x = 5;
    let y = 6;

    Just like in algebra, variables are used in expressions:

    let z = x + y;

    From the example above, you can guess that the total is
    calculated to be 11.
    Note

    Variables are containers for storing values.

    JavaScript Identifiers

    All JavaScript variables must be identified with unique


    names.

    These unique names are called identifiers.

    Identifiers can be short names (like x and y) or more


    descriptive names (age, sum, totalVolume).

    The general rules for constructing names for variables (unique


    identifiers) are:

     Names can contain letters, digits, underscores, and dollar


    signs.

     Names must begin with a letter.

     Names can also begin with $ and _.

     Names are case sensitive (y and Y are different variables).

     Reserved words (like JavaScript keywords) cannot be used


    as names.

    Note

    JavaScript identifiers are case-sensitive.

    The Assignment Operator

    In JavaScript, the equal sign (=) is an "assignment" operator,


    not an "equal to" operator.

    This is different from algebra. The following does not make


    sense in algebra:

    x=x+5

    In JavaScript, however, it makes perfect sense: it assigns the


    value of x + 5 to x.
    (It calculates the value of x + 5 and puts the result into x. The
    value of x is incremented by 5.)

    Note

    The "equal to" operator is written like == in JavaScript.

    JavaScript Data Types

    JavaScript variables can hold numbers like 100 and text values
    like "John Doe".

    In programming, text values are called text strings.

    JavaScript can handle many types of data, but for now, just
    think of numbers and strings.

    Strings are written inside double or single quotes. Numbers are


    written without quotes.

    If you put a number in quotes, it will be treated as a text string.

    Example

    const pi = 3.14;
    let person = "John Doe";
    let answer = 'Yes I am!';
    <!DOCTYPE html>
    <html>
    <body>

    <h1>JavaScript Variables</h1>

    <p>Strings are written with quotes.</p>


    <p>Numbers are written without quotes.</p>

    <p id="demo"></p>

    <script>
    const pi = 3.14;
    let person = "John Doe";
    let answer = 'Yes I am!';

    document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML =
    pi + "<br>" + person + "<br>" + answer;
    </script>

    </body>
    </html>

    Declaring a JavaScript Variable


    Creating a variable in JavaScript is called "declaring" a variable.
    You declare a JavaScript variable with the var or
    the let keyword:
    var carName;
    or:
    let carName;
    After the declaration, the variable has no value (technically it
    is undefined).
    To assign a value to the variable, use the equal sign:
    carName = "Volvo";
    You can also assign a value to the variable when you declare it:
    let carName = "Volvo";
    In the example below, we create a variable called carName and
    assign the value "Volvo" to it.
    Then we "output" the value inside an HTML paragraph with
    id="demo":
    <!DOCTYPE html>
    <html>
    <body>

    <h1>JavaScript Variables</h1>

    <p>Create a variable, assign a value to it, and display it:</p>


    <p id="demo"></p>

    <script>
    let carName = "Volvo";
    document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML = carName;
    </script>

    </body>
    </html>
    It's a good programming practice to declare all variables at the
    beginning of a script.

    One Statement, Many Variables


    You can declare many variables in one statement.
    Start the statement with let and separate the variables
    by comma:
    Example
    let person = "John Doe", carName = "Volvo", price = 200;
    <!DOCTYPE html>
    <html>
    <body>

    <h1>JavaScript Variables</h1>

    <p>You can declare many variables in one statement.</p>

    <p id="demo"></p>

    <script>
    let person = "John Doe",
    carName = "Volvo",
    price = 200;
    document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML = carName;
    document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML = person;
    document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML = price;

    </script>

    </body>
    </html>
    A declaration can span multiple lines:
    Example
    let person = "John Doe",
    carName = "Volvo",
    price = 200;

    <!DOCTYPE html>
    <html>
    <body>

    <h1>JavaScript Variables</h1>

    <p>You can declare many variables in one statement.</p>

    <p id="demo"></p>

    <script>
    let person = "John Doe",
    carName = "Volvo",
    price = 200;
    document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML = carName;
    </script>

    </body>
    </html>

    Value = undefined
    In computer programs, variables are often declared without a
    value. The value can be something that has to be calculated, or
    something that will be provided later, like user input.
    A variable declared without a value will have the
    value undefined.
    The variable carName will have the value undefined after the
    execution of this statement:
    Example
    let carName;
    <!DOCTYPE html>
    <html>
    <body>

    <h1>JavaScript Variables</h1>

    <p>A variable without a value has the value of:</p>


    <p id="demo"></p>

    <script>
    let carName;
    document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML = carName;
    </script>

    </body>
    </html>

    Re-Declaring JavaScript Variables


    If you re-declare a JavaScript variable declared with var, it will
    not lose its value.
    The variable carName will still have the value "Volvo" after the
    execution of these statements:
    Example
    var carName = "Volvo";
    var carName;

    Note
    You cannot re-declare a variable declared with let or const.
    This will not work:
    let carName = "Volvo";
    let carName;

    JavaScript Arithmetic
    As with algebra, you can do arithmetic with JavaScript
    variables, using operators like = and +:
    Example
    let x = 5 + 2 + 3;

    <!DOCTYPE html>
    <html>
    <body>

    <h1>JavaScript Variables</h1>

    <p>The result of adding 5 + 2 + 3 is:</p>


    <p id="demo"></p>

    <script>
    let x = 5 + 2 + 3;
    document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML = x;
    </script>

    </body>
    </html>
    We can also add strings, but strings will be concatenated:
    Example
    let x = "John" + " " + "Doe";
    <!DOCTYPE html>
    <html>
    <body>

    <h1>JavaScript Variables</h1>

    <p>The result of adding "John" + " " + "Doe" is:</p>


    <p id="demo"></p>

    <script>
    let x = "John" + " " + "Doe";
    document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML = x;
    </script>

    </body>
    </html>
    Also try this:
    Example
    let x = "5" + 2 + 3;
    <!DOCTYPE html>
    <html>
    <body>

    <h1>JavaScript Variables</h1>

    <p>The result of adding "5" + 2 + 3 is:</p>


    <p id="demo"></p>

    <script>
    let x = "5" + 2 + 3;
    document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML = x;
    </script>

    </body>
    </html>
    Note
    If you put a number in quotes, the rest of the numbers will be
    treated as strings, and concatenated.
    Now try this:
    Example
    let x = 2 + 3 + "5";

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