UNIT 15: DEFINITION AND TYPES OF NETWORK

15.1 Definition Of Network

15.1.1 Networks
A. Work in pairs. Ask and answer these questions
1. What computing devices do you use in your daily life (e.g. ATMs)?
2. Do you think they are on a network? Is it wired or wireless?
3. Are these devices secure? What security features do they have (e.g. a PIN)?

B. Read the text “What is a network” below and match the paragraphs (1-3) to these
points (a-c)
a) types of software and devices on networks______
b) the main types of networks______
c) the arrangements of computers in networks______

C. Read the text again and find what do these words refer to?

They (line 3) computers

1 One (line 7)______ 4 it (line 10)________
2 This (line 9)______ 5 This (line 11)______
3 Another type (line 8)_____ 6 This (line 14)______

D. Read the text again and label these types of network.

 1 __________ 2___________ 3___________ 4__________

WHAT IS A NETWORK

A network is a group of linked computers or other devices. There are two kinds of
networks that are in common use. In Local Area Networks (LANs) computers are close
together- perhaps in the same building. They might be connected directly to each other
by cable or through a wireless network such as Wi-Fi . In contrast, Wide Area Network
(WANs) cover a larger area and usually use telephone lines or mobile phone system to
connect. A LAN can be part of a WAN.
There are different types of wired networks. One is a star system. In this, each
computer (or other device) is connected to a central server. Another type is a ring
system. This is a network that has each computer linked to two others. In a bus system
there is a central cable which is called a bus, and each computer is linked to it. Some
large networks use a mesh. In this, each computer is linked to several others. This has
one big advantage: if one connection breaks, the data can use other connection.
Therefore, it is difficult to break a mesh network.
Many networks work on a client- server system. In this, servers are special
computers that store data, serve websites and have other similar functions. Generally, a
client program will ask the server for data and the server will then send the data back to
the client. For example, when you type a web address into a browser, the browser (the
client) will ask the server for a web page, which then send the web page back.
(Source: English for Information Technology 2 -Vocational English course book).

15.2 Types of Network

A. In pairs , discuss these questions
1.What is a computer network ?
2. What are the benefits of using network ?
B. Read an extract from a lecture on networks and answer the following questions.
Let's begin by talking about small networks, which are called Local Area
Networks, or LANs. These are groups of computers within a small physical area, like a
home or an office building.
In the diagram below, we see a mixed wired and wireless LAN, a typical solution
for small businesses that already have a wired LAN and decide to expand it with wireless
technologies to accommodate new needs.
In the existing fixed, wired LAN, the central computer is a file server with a large
hard drive used to store common files and application programs. The computers, acting
as clients, are connected to the file server and to a printer via Ethernet cables.
In the wireless part of the network, several devices, including desktops, laptops,
PDAs and a gaming console, are connected to each other without cables. This part is
controlled by a wireless access point - also called a wireless router. This access point is
like a base station that transmits and receives radio frequencies from wireless-enabled
devices. Each device that operates over the network is equipped with a wireless card or
adapter.
Many wireless LANs use Wi-Fi, a wireless technology that uses radio waves to
enable communication between devices in a limited area. This gives users flexibility and
mobility. Another popular technology is Bluetooth, used for short distances.
The whole network is linked to the Internet via a broadband modem. This modem is
plugged into a router, or hub, which splits the internet connection into parts and allows all
users to access email and web resources. With appropriate networking software, users on
the wireless LAN can share files and the printer located on the wired LAN.
(Source: English for Information Technology 2 -Vocational English course book).

1. What does LAN stand for ?

2. Where are LANs usually located ?
3. What is the difference between a wired LAN and a wireless LAN ?
C. Read the extract again and label the elements of this LAN

(1)A_____________wired and wireless LAN

(Source: Infotech – English for computer users -Forth edition).

15.3 Reading: Networking FAQs

A Look at the FAQs below ( I - VI ) without reading the whole text . In pairs , try to
answer as many of the questions as you can .
B. Read the whole text and answer these questions .
1. What does PAN stand for ?
2. What is a network protocol ?
3. How do you log on to an Internet Service Provider ?
4. WIMAX is a type of wireless network . What is it used for ?
5. What equipment do you need to set up a wireless LAN ?
6. What are the advantages and disadvantages of wireless networks ?

Networking FAQs
I. How many types of network are NOTE: A router has various Ethernet
there? ports , so you can connect various PCs
Networks are classified according to to the router via Ethernet cables If you
different criteria : already have a hub or switch connecting
• Geographical area : PANs (Personal a LAN , you only need one cable to
Area Networks) typically include a laptop connect the hub to the router.
, a mobile phone and a PDA; LANs cover
a building , MANs ( Metropolitan Area III. How do I log on to the Internet
Networks ) cover a campus or a city : Service Provider?
WANs ( Wide Area Networks ) cover a You need to type in your username and
country or a continent. password . Once you are online, you can
• Architecture : In a client - server get e-mail , look for information on the
network , a computer acts as a server and Web, look up IT words in dictionaries,
stores and distributes information to the try out new software, and sign up for
other nodes , or clients . In a peer- to - RSS feeds, newsletters, etc. It is
peer network , all the computers have the important that you remember to log off
same capabilities - that is share files and after using the Internet. An open line
peripherals without requiring a separate increases the risk of viruses, and
server computer . hackers might break into your computer
• Topology or layout : In a bus network , to steal confidential data .
all the computers are connected to a main
cable , or bus . In a star network, all data
IV. What is wireless networking ?
flows through a central hub, a common
Wired networks are linked by Ethernet
connection point for the devices in the
cables, phone lines and high - speed
network . In a ring network, all devices
fiber optic cables, Wireless networks,
are connected to one another in a however, use electromagnetic waves ,
continuous loop, on ring such as radio waves , to transmit data .
• Network protocol: This is the These are the main types of wireless
language , or set of rules, that computers
networks
use to communicate with each other..
• Satellites - for long distances
Networks use different protocols . For
• WiMAX - for connecting Wi - Fi
instance, the Internet uses TCP / IP .
hotspots
• Wi-Fi - for medium - range distances
II. How do I install a wired modem • Bluetooth- for short distances
router? • GSM - for mobile phones
A modem router is a device that connects
your computer or home LAN to the V. What do I need to set up a home
Internet. wireless LAN ?
• Plug one end of the phone cord directly You'll need computers equipped with a
into a phone jack , and the other end into wireless adapter or wireless card, a
the ADSL port on the router wireless access point (a wireless router )
• Plug one end of the Ethernet cable into and a broadband internet connection .
your computer's network port and the
other end into an Ethernet port on the VI. Which is better, a wired or
router wireless LAN ?
• Tum on your computer. To set up, or Wired LANs are more difficult to install
configure, the router , you'll need to input , but they are cheaper, faster and more
some parameters, for example your ISP's reliable Wireless networks let you move
name and phone number. or roam, from one access point to
another , but they are less secure and
subject to interference .

In a basic network, two computers WANs cover a large geographic

are connected by cable to allow file area, like a country or even multiple
sharing. countries. They are built by large
telecommunication companies. The
largest WAN in existence is the Internet.
 Wi-Fi is the standard technology
for building wireless LANS and public
hotspots. Bluetooth networks allow
In many homes, Ethernet cables are
handhelds, mobile phones and other
used to connect computers. Phone or
devices to communicate over short
cable TV lines then connect the home
distances. Cellular networks are used in
LAN to the ISP Much of the Internet uses
mobile phone communications.
high-speed fibre optic cable to send data
over long distances.
(Source: Infotech – English for computer users -Forth
edition).
C. In pairs, do this network quiz and see which pairs can finish first
0
15.4 Language work
A .Look at the HELP box . Do you have the equivalent of phrasal verbs in your
language ? How do you say the phrasal verbs in the HELP box ?
HELP BOX
Phrasal verbs
• The meaning of some verbs with particle ( often called phrasal verbs ) can be
easily understood from its two parts .

Look at the photos

A network consists of two or more ...
Separate networks are linked over a public network , the Internet
• However , many phrasal verbs have an idiomatic meaning , not predictable
from the meaning of its parts .
 carry (= transport ) ; carry out ( = execute )
Computers carry out the programs ...
• Certain particles have similar meanings , regardless of the verb ( on / off ,
in / out , etc. ) .

turn on / switch on
( start the operation of something )

turn off / switch off

( = stop the operation of something )
•Other common phrasal verbs in computing include :

plug into (=connect )

Plug one end of the phone cord into the phone jack

set up ( =establish )
What do I need to set up a wireless LAN ?

sign up ( = register , enroll in a service )

Once connected , you can sign up for RSS feeds , newsletters , etc.

try out ( = test or use experimentally )

You can try out new software on their site.

find out (=learn , discover )

Search the Web to find out more information about WIMAX.

take up (=occupy)
Fiber optic cables take up less space than copper cables.

make up ( = constitute , form )

Several LANs connected together make up a WAN.

fill in ( = write the necessary information )

 You need to fill in this online form.

• When the verb has a preposition associated with it , the preposition must
precede the object :
You can look for information on the Web.
( not: look information for)
Hackers might break into your PC.
( not break your PC into)
When the particle is an adverb , it can precede or follow the direct object :
You need to type in your username / …type your username in.
You can look up words in a dictionary/… look words up in a dictionary .

Turn on the computer./

Turn the computer on.
If the direct object is a pronoun , the particle must follow it
You need to type it in.
( not type in it )

B. Complete these sentences with the correct form of a phrasal verb from the HELP
box
1 .To join the club, this form and send it to our office ________
2. The CPU all the basic operations on the data _________
3 .Digital music a lot of space - about 10 MB for every minute of
stereo sound __
4. Thousands of networks the Internet_________.
5. You can use newsgroups to ______ about the latest trends , customer needs , etc.
C. Match the questions ( 1-6 ) with the answers ( a - f ) .
Questions:
1. Why was the hacker arrested ?
2. Is it OK to log on to my bank account using public computers in a cybercafé ?
3 .How do I set up an internet connection at home ?
4. Can I download software from your site ?
5. How can I add video to instant messaging?
6. What do I need to do to sign up for a Yahoo email account ?
Answers :
a. Yes , but always remember to log off after you've ended your session .
 b .Yes , you can even try the programs out for a period before you buy them !
c. Because he broke into a computer system and stole confidential data .
d .Simply install this program and plug the webcam into your computer .
e. You need to install the software for your router . Follow the instructions provided
by your ISP probably in the form of a pdf file on a CD .
f. You have to create a username and password and then give some personal details.
15.5. Consolidation
15.5.1. Choose the best answer
1. A network …………. two or more computers that are connected together to share
information.
A. makes up
B. sets up
C. consists
D. includes
2. The actual physical network made up of wires, cables, and satellites that connects
computers and resources throughout the world is the…………….
A. Web
B. Internet
C. E-commerce
D. Spiders
3.The multimedia interface to the resources available on the Net is called
the………………….
A. World Wide Web
B. Internet
C. GUI interface
D. Server
4. An intranet is a private network, restricted to a company’s …….. use.
A. external
B. internal
C. outside
D. inside
5. Rules for exchanging data between computers are called…………
A. Programs
B. Procedures
C. Protocols
D. Hyperlinks
 6. A wearable computer runs ………. batteries and is worn on the user’s body.
A. on
B. at
C. for
D. in
7. The use of wireless networks to access financial institutions is known as ……
A. brick and mortar banks
B. brick and click banks
C. wireless banking
D. wired banking
8. The ………. is the multimedia interface to resources available on the Internet.
A. Web
B. ISP
C. Browser
D. URL
9. The most common method for gaining access to the Internet is through a ……
A. Dumb terminal
B. Virtual provider or computer
C. Point-to-point computer
D. Provider or host computer
10.Telecommunication………..to the transmission of signals over a distance for the
purpose of communication.
A. means
B. transmits
C. refers
D. connects

15.5.2. Fill in the blank with a suitable word

Computer networks (1)…… now of central importance to all of Information
Technology. With the current explosive growth of the Internet, they are also rapidly (2)
…… of crucial importance to all of modern society. It is absolutely certain that we need
to know about networks and network technology to survive in the IT workplace. A
network is a set of computers, which are linked(3)………on a permanent basis. This can
mean two computers cabled together on the same desk or thousands of computers across
the world. Network enables users (4)……… share hardware like scanners and printers.
This reduces cost by reducing the number of hardware items bought. It allows users
access stored(5)……. others’ computers. This keeps everyone up -to-date on the latest
data, since it’s all in the same files, rather (6)………. having to make copies of the files,
which are immediately out-of-date and network can even let users (7)……… programs
that are not installed on their own computers but are installed elsewhere in the network.
This reduces the effort for networks administrators to keep programs configured correctly
and saves a lot of storage space. However, there are serval disadvantages (8)………
networking such as accessing anything across a network is slower than accessing your
own computer. More complexity adds new problems to (9)………. and less customization
is possible for shared programs and folders. Everyone will have to follow the same
conventions for storing and naming files so others (10)……… find the right files.
(Source: Basic English for Computing, Oxford University Press)

15.5.3. Translate the following passage into Vietnamese

Channels of telecommunication?
What is telecommunication?
This term refers to the transmission of information over long distances using the
telephone system, radio, TV satellite or computer links. Examples are two people
speaking on the phone, a sales department sending a fax to a client or someone reading
the teletext pages on TV. But in the modern world, telecommunications mainly means
transferring information from one PC to another via modem and phone lines (or fiber-
optic cables).
Modems
Your PC is a digital device (it works with strings of 1s and 0s). However, the
telephone system is an analogue device designed to transmit the sounds and tones of the
human voice. That's why we need a modem - a bridge between digital and analogue
signals. The word 'modem' is an abbreviation of Modulator/Demodulator When a modem
modulates, it sends very rapid off pulses. The computer on the other end translates
(demodulates) those signals into intelligible text or graphics. Modem transmission speeds
are measured in kilobits per second. Typical speeds are 28.8, 33.6 and 56kbps.
What can you do with a modem?
A modem is your computer's link to the external world. With a modem you can
exchange e-mail and files with friends and colleagues; you can access the Web and
search for information about the stock market, current affairs, entertainment, etc.; you can
participate in newsgroups and live conversations; you can make bank transactions and
buy things from the comfort of your home. You can also access your office from your
computer at home or your laptop in a hotel room.
 Today a lot of companies find it more efficient to have some employees doing their
work at home. Using a modem, they transfer their work into the office where it is printed
and distributed. The list of applications is endless.
What do you need to telecommunicate?
You just need a PC (or a terminal), a modem connected to the computer and the
telephone line, and communication software. Once you have installed and configured
your modern, you can communicate with people through bulletin boards and online
services.
Local bulletin boards
Bulletin board systems (BBS) are frequently free because they are run by
enthusiasts and sponsored by user groups or small businesses. The first time you make a
BBS connection you are required to register your name, address, phone number and other
information such as the kind of computer and modem you are using. The person who
administers the BBS is called sysop (system operator ). You can use a BBS to download
artwork, games and programs, or you can participate in ongoing discussions. You can
also upload (send) programs, but make sure they are shareware or public domain
programs.
Online service providers
To gain access to the Internet you must first open an account with an Internet
service provider (ISP) or a commercial online service provider. Both offer Internet
access, but the latter provides exclusive services.
Internet service providers usually offer access to the Web and newsgroups, an e-
mail address, a program to download files from FTP sites, and IRC software so that you
can have live chats with other users. Most ISPs charge a flat monthly or annual fee that
gives you unlimited access to the Internet. The main commercial online services are
America Online, CompuServe, Prodigy. and the Microsoft Network. They differ from
dedicated ISPs in two ways: (1) they use a smooth, easy-to-use interface, and (2) they
have extra services for members only (but they charge higher prices). For example, they
offer airline reservations, professional forums, online shopping and stories for children.
They also let you search their online encyclopedias and special databases.
(Source: Computing studies. Heinemann Education)

UNIT 16: INTERNET AND EMAIL

16.1 Internet basics

A. In pairs, discuss how you would define the Internet
 B. Make a list of all the things you can use the internet for?
C. Read a conversation between a customer buying a PC and a sales assistant
Why do you think the sales assistant has to explain so much about Internet?
Assistant: ...so that's £549 including VAT. Is there anything else I can help you
with?
Customer: Well, would you mind explaining how I access the Internet with this
computer? I don't think I really even understand what the Internet is! Wait a minute, I'm
going to write this down.
Assistant: Of course. Well, basically, the Internet is a global network of computer
networks, which allows users to share all kinds of information and computer resources.
The system is made up of networks interconnected all over the world, from universities
and large corporations to commercial online systems and non-profit organizations.
Customer: OK, that sounds complicated enough! And can I access the Internet
automatically with this PC?
Assistant: Well, you need a computer and a modem — a device that connects your
PC to the telephone line. You'll also need an account with an Internet Service Provider, or
ISP — that's a company that offers connection to the Internet for a monthly fee.
Customer: OK, that sounds easy, but what if we have several computers in different
rooms. How can I connect them all to the Internet?
Assistant: In that case, the best choice is a wireless router with a built-in modem.
It's a device that links various computers over a network and will connect everyone in
your family to the Internet without using cables.
New computers include wireless support but if any of the computers are old, you'll
need a Wi-Fi wireless adapter.
Customer: I'm sorry, but what does Wi-Fi mean exactly?
Assistant: Wi-Fi is short for Wireless Fidelity and refers to a technology that uses
radio waves to communicate data over medium range distances.
Customer: Right. And so that's everything?
Assistant: Not quite. You'll need some software too, specifically internet
connection software and a Web browser application, such as Internet Explorer or Mozilla
Firefox.
Customer: OK, I think I've got it And I'll be able to start emailing straight away?
Assistant: You can do more than just email. There's file transfer, newsgroups, real-
time chats, instant messaging and looking for information on the Web.
Customer: Wow, this all sounds complicated. I’m not sure I even understand the
difference between the Web and the Internet.
 Assistant: Well, the Web is a huge collection of “pages” stored on computers all
over the world. Web pages contain all sorts of information in the form of text, pictures,
sounds and video. The Internet is the network which connects all the computers.
Customer: OK, I think I've got it.
(Source: Infotech – English for computer users -Forth
edition).

D. Read the conversation again and complete the customer’s notes.

To connect to the internet from home, I need (1)a ___________and(2) a________
Also need an account with an(3)_____ (a company that offers connection for a monthly
fee). If you want to connect lot of computers without using cables ,you can use a(4)_____
router. Wi-Fi uses (5)______ waves to send data over medium-range distances.
Things you can do on the Internet:(6)_______________________
‘Web’ or ‘Internet’? The Web: huge connection of (7)__________stored on
computer all over the world. The Internet: The network which connect all the computers.

16.2 Reading : Internet FAQs

16.2.1: Internet FAQs : PART 1
A. Read the internet FAQs ( part 1) below and choose the correct answers
1. The internet was_____________
a. invented in the mid-90s. b. popular in the 1960s. c. probably created in the USA.
2. Which term describes any fast, high-bandwidth connection?
a. broadband. b. dial-up connection. c. Wi-Fi connection.
3 .The power –line internet provides broadband access through___________
a .telephone lines. b. satellites. c. electrical power lines.
4. Which device converts computer data into a form that can be transmitted over
phone lines?
a .ADSL. b. a mobile phone. c. a modem.
5. Standard protocol that allows computers to communicate over the internet is
called_____________
a. an IP address. b. TCP/IP. c. HTTP.
6. Geographical region covered by one or several access points is called a___
a. wireless access point. b. hotspot. c .wireless network device.

Internet FAQs: Part 1

How old is internet (the Net)? When was it created?
 It’s hard to say exactly. The research that led to what we now know as the internet
was begun in the 1960s.
Who created the internet?
Again, it’s hard to say exactly who created it. The initial research was carried out by
the Advanced Research Projects Agency in American, funded by the US government.
Did the internet become popular quickly?
It took many years for internet to become popular around the word. It’s only really
since the mid-90s that the internet has been a part of our daily lives.
How do you get online?
To get connected, you need a computer, the right connection software and a modem
connected to the phone line. You also need an account with an Internet Service Provider
(ISP), which acts as a gateway between your PC and the rest of the Net.
How fast are today's internet connections?
Today, ISPs offer a broadband, high-speed connection. The most common types are
cable - offered by local cable TV companies- and ADSL (Asymmetric Digital Subscriber
Line), which works through phone lines. They are both faster than the traditional dial-up
telephone connection. Broadband access is also offered by some electricity networks.
This competing technology, known as power-line Internet, provides low-cost access via
the power plug, but is still in development.
How long has broadband existed?
Since the late 1990s.
How much does broadband access cost?
It depends on which company you choose. Nowadays, some companies even offer
free broadband.
Why do you need a modem?
A modem (modulator/demodulator) converts digital signals into analogue signals
so that data can be transmitted across the phone or cable network.
What does TCP/IP mean?
The language used for data transfer on the Internet is known as TCP/IP
(transmission control protocol/ Internet protocol). This is like the internet operating
system. Every computer connected to the Net is identified by a unique IP address.
Are there other ways of accessing the Internet?
Other methods of internet access include Wi-Fi, satellite, mobile phones and TV
sets equipped with modem. Wi-Fi-enabled laptops or PDAs allow you to connect to the
Net if you are near a wireless access point, in locations called hotspots (for example, a
Wi-Fi café, park or campus). Satellite services are used in places where terrestrial access
is not available (for example, on ships at sea). High-end mobile phones provide access
through the phone network.
(Source: Infotech – English for computer users -Forth
edition).

B. In pairs, discuss which of the internet systems (1-6) you would use to do the tasks
(a-f). Then read Part 2 of the FAQS below and check your answers

1. Email a. transfer files from the Internet to your hard drive

2. The Web b. send a message to another person via the Internet
3. Newsgroups c. have a live conversation (usually typed) online
4. Chat and IM d. connect to a remote computer by entering instructions,
and run a program on it.
5. FTP e. take part in public discussion areas devoted to specific topics
6. Telnet f. download and view documents published on the Internet

16.2.2 Internet FAQS: Part 2

Email lets you exchange messages with people all over the world. Optional attached
files can include text, pictures and even audio and animation. A mailing list uses email to
communicate messages to all its subscribers that is, everyone that belongs to the list.
Which email program is the best?
Outlook Express is a popular program, but many users use web-based email
accounts such as Hotmail.
The Web
The Web consists of billions of documents living on web servers that use the HTTP
protocol. You navigate through the Web using a program called a web browser, which
lets you search, view and print web pages.
How often are web pages updated?
It depends entirely on the page. Some are updated thousands of times a day.
Chat and Instant Messaging (IM)
Chat and Instant Messaging technologies allow you to have real-time conversations
online, by typing messages at the keyboard.
FTP
FTP, or file transfer protocol, is used to transfer files over a TCP/IP network.
Nowadays, this feature is built into Web browsers. You can download programs, games
and music files from a remote computer to your hard drive.
 Telnet
Telnet is a protocol and a program used to log onto remote computer systems. It
enables you to enter commands that will be executed as if you were entering them
directly on the remote server
Newsgroups
Newsgroups are the public discussion areas which make up a system called Usenet.
The contents are contributed by people who post articles or respond to articles, creating
chains of related postings called message threads. You need a newsreader to subscribe to
newsgroups, to read and post messages. The newsreader may be a stand-alone program or
part of a web browser.
How many newsgroups are there?
There are approximately 30,000 active newsgroups.
Where can you find newsgroups?
Your newsreader may allow you to download the newsgroup addresses that your
ISP has included on its news server. An alternative to using a newsreader is to visit web
forums instead, which perform the same function but without the additional software.
(Source: Infotech – English for computer users -Forth
edition).

Read Internet FAQs (Part 2) above and find words and phrases in Part 2 with the
following meanings
1. a system used to distribute email to many different subscribers at once. ( in Email
paragraph)
2. a program used for displaying web pages ( in the Web paragraph)
3. to connect to a computer by typing your username and password ( In Telnet
paragraph)
4. a series of interrelated messages on a given topic ( In Newsgroups paragraph)
5. a program for reading User net newsgroups (In Newsgroups paragraph).

16.3 Email features

A. Read the text below and find the followings.
1. The place where your ISP stores your emails_________________
2. The type of program used to read and send email from a computer______
3. The part of an email address that identifies the user of the service_______
4. The line that describes the content of an email______________
5. The computer file which is sent along with an email message__________
 6. Facial symbols used to indicate an emotion or attitude_______________
7. The name given junk mail_________________

B. Write a reply to Celia's email below

Email features

When you set up account with an Internet Service Provider, you are given an
email address and a password. The mail you receive is stored on the mail server of
your ISP in a simulated mailbox until you next connect and download it to your hard
drive. There are two ways to get email over the Internet. One is by using a mail
program (known as an email client) installed on your computer, for example Eudora
or Outlook Express. The other way is to use web-based email, accessible from any
web browser. Hotmail and Gmail are good examples. You can make the message
more expressive by including emoticons, also called smileys. For example, (;-) for
wink,( :-) for happy,(: O) for surprised, (XD) for laughing, etc. You may also like to
add a signature file, a pre-written text file appended to the end of the message. The
name given to unsolicited email messages is spam.
 (Source: Infotech – English for computer users -Forth
edition).

16.4. Consolidation
16.4.1. Choose the best answer
1. The two basic parts of URLs are………………….
A. TCP/IP and ISP
B. Destination and device
C. The protocol and the domain name
D. TCP and IP
2. In a client/server network, the user’s computer is considered the…
A. Server
B. Client
C. Web site
D. Library
3. Rules for exchanging data between computers are called……………
A. Programs
B. Procedures
C. Protocols
D. Hyperlinks
4. What is the best definition of 'WWW' or 'World Wide Web'?
A. a global hypertext system operating on the Internet that enables electronic
communication of text and multimedia
B. a predecessor to modern websites, these were early communities that users could
dial using a modem
C. an organization which develops specifications and guidelines for the World
Wide Web
D. All of the above
5. What is the best definition of 'homepage'?
A. a text file containing personal information of a user retrieved while
browsing the Internet, normally stored on the user's hard drive.
B. the subordinate pages of a web site.
C. Unsolicited (unwanted) email messages such as advertising for Viagra or
Nigerian investments.
D. The root or main page for a web site
6. The most widely used Web protocol is……………
 A. http://
B.URL
C. HTML
D. ISP
7. URL is an acronym for …………..
A. Uniform Resource Locator
B. Uniform Resource Link
C. Universal Reference Locator
D. Unlimited Real-time Language
8. The Internet was launched in 1969 and was originally called……………
A . ARPNET
B. CERNET
C. CERN
D. ARPANE
9. The term ISP refers to……………..
A. Internal software protocol
B. International shareware pool
C. Internet service provider
D. Interface standard protocol
10. A ……….program provides access to Web resources.
A. Web
B. ISP
C. Browser
D. URL

16.4.2. Fill in the blanks with a suitable given word from the box

binary which paper used written

attached types files an read
the connected ASCII message address
stands picture for document to

Electronic mail, or e-mail, allows computer users locally and worldwide(1)…

exchange messages. Each user of e-mail has a mailbox(2)……. to which messages are
sent. Messages sent through e-mail can arrive with a matter of seconds. A powerful
aspect of e-mail is the option to send electronic (3)…………to a person’s e-mail address.
Non-ASCII files, known as(4)……….files, may be(5)……….to e-mail messages. These
files are referred to as MIME attachments. MIME(6)………..for Multimedia Internet
Mail Extension, and was developed to help e-mail software handle a variety of file(7)
……….For example, a(8)………….created in Microsoft Word can be attached to((9)
……… e-mail message and retrieved by the recipient with the appropriate e-mail
program. Many e-mail programs, including Eudora, Netscape Messenger, and Microsoft
Outlook Express, offer the ability to read files(10)……… .

16.4.3. Translate the following passage into Vietnamese

Meet the Internet
The internet is not a single entity. When most people talk of 'the internet' they are in
fact referring to only one part of it - the World Wide Web. Yet e-mail (for example) is a
very important part of the internet, and most people do not read their e-mail on the Web.
So what are the different parts of the internet, and how do they all fit together?
One of the earliest bits of the Net is FTP, which stands for File Transfer Protocol.
'File' and 'transfer' are easy enough to understand, but what is a 'protocol'? Put simply, a
protocol is a method that two computers have agreed to use when they are talking to each
other. The very first job of the internet was to move files from one computer to another
even when these computers were very far apart, and File Transfer Protocol was used for
this job. If you use the Net just to browse your favorite websites, you may not use FTP a
lot, but the people who built those websites almost certainly used a FTP program to put
the pages on the web in the first place ,
We all know what e-mail is, but did you know that you usually use two different
protocols with it? We usually send mail by SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) and
pick it up, as you might expect by POP (Post Office Protocol). And yes, the World Wide
Web also uses a protocol. The links on a web page that you click to take you to another
part of the Net are called 'hypertext links'. Now look at the top of your web page, and you
should see "http://www.english-online.org.uk/”. Http stands for (you guessed it!)
Hypertext Transfer Protocol and the 'www' after that shows that this page is part of the
World Wide Web.
Today, if we just want to browse the web, we can do almost everything with one
program - a web browser. A browser is one kind of 'net interface'. Net interfaces are
programs which sit between you and the internet and help you and the Net make sense to
each other. The browser takes care of the technical details of connecting you to the web,
and makes sure that the information from the internet arrives in a way that makes sense to
you. It also finds out what you want to do, and passes on the information in a way that the
internet can understand.
Websites are built in different ways. Pages that contain a lot of information but are
not very interactive are called 'static' pages. These are usually written in a language
called HTML (Hypertext Mark-up Language). Interactive pages can be written in VBS
(Visual Basic Script) or in JavaScript. Because it can be dangerous to run unknown
programs, many interactive websites today use interactive scripts that don't run on your
computer. These scripts often use a language developed for Personal Home Pages (php)
Sometimes, you might want to get sound or moving pictures from the internet.
These are things that the internet can only deliver to you through File Transfer Protocol,
but you see them in your browser because your browser has special programs called
'plug-ins' which run these files as soon as they arrive.
(Source: Basic English for Computing, Oxford University Press)