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● Transform analysis identifies the primary functional components (modules) 1.Scenario-based elements
and the input and output data for these components. ● The first step in The system is described from the user’s point of view using a scenario-based
transform analysis is to divide the DFD into three types of parts: ○ Input approach. For example, basic use cases (Section 5.4) and their corresponding use-
case diagrams (Figure 5.2) evolve into more elaborate template-based use cases.
(afferent branch) ○ Processing (central transform) ○ Output (efferent branch) ●
for eliciting requirements and representing them using use cases. Three levels of
In the next step of transform analysis, the structure chart is derived by drawing elaboration are shown, culminating in a scenario-based representation.
one functional component each for the central transform, the afferent and 2.Class-based elements. Each usage scenario implies a set of objects that are
efferent branches. ● These are drawn below a root module, which would manipulated as an actor interacts with the system. These objects are categorized
invoke these modules. into
classes—a collection of things that have similar attributes andcommonbehaviors.
Transaction analysis is an alternative to transform analysis and is useful while 3.Behavioral elements. The behavior of a computer-based system can have a
designing transaction processing programs. ● A transaction allows the user to profound effect on the design that is chosen and the implementation approach that
perform some specific type of work by using the software. ● For example, isapplied. Therefore, the requirements model must provide modeling elements
‘issue book’, ‘return book’, ‘query book’, etc., are transactions. ● As in that depict behavior.
transform analysis, first all data entering into the DFD need to be identified. ● 4. Flow-oriented elements. Information is transformed as it flows through a
In a transaction-driven system, different data items may pass through different computer-based system. The system accepts input in a variety of forms, applies
functions to transform it, and produces output in a variety of forms
computation paths through the DFD. ● This is in contrast to a transform
centered system where each data item entering the DFD goes through the
same processing steps. ● Each different way in which input data is processed is
a transaction. For each identified transaction, trace the input data to the
output. ● All the traversed bubbles belong to the transaction. ● These bubbles
should be mapped to the same module on the structure chart. ● In the
structure chart, draw a root module and below this module draw each
identified transaction as a module.
 V semester
Information Technology
UIT2504 and ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
Assignment 2
CO1: Understand the basic concepts of intelligent agents
Develop general-purpose problem-solving agents, logical reasoning agents, and agents that
CO2:
reason under uncertainty
CO3: Employ AI techniques to solve some of today’s real-world problems

KL CO

1. Assume the Bayes Net from class is a prefect representation of the world, you K3 CO2
know that you do not have a stomach bug, if you were to vomit, would that
information change the probability that you had a fever?

2. K3 CO2

Identify the causal and diagnostic relationship in the above Bayesian Network
3 Write down the joint probability table for the following Bayesian K3 CO2
network:
4 toothache ~toothache K3 CO2
catch ~catch catch ~catch
cavity 0.108 0.012 0.072 0.008
~cavity 0.016 0.064 0.144 0.576

Given the full joint distribution calculate P(toothache | cavity)

5 Given the network below, calculate marginal and conditional K3 CO2

probabilities: Pr(¬p3), Pr(p2|¬p3), Pr(p1|p2, ¬p3) and Pr(p1|¬p3, p4).
Apply the method of inference by enumeration.

6 Consider the Bayesian belief Network. The Probability are given as K3 CO2

E M

B
S

P(E) = 0.4 P(M) = 0.1 P(S|E,M)=1.0 P(~S|E,M)=0.0 P(S|E,~M)=0.8

P(~S|E,~M)= 0.2 P(S|~E,M)= 0.3 P(~S|~E,M)=0.7 P(S|~E,~M)=0.1
P(~S|~E,~M)=0.9 P(B|M)=1.0 P(~B|M)=0.0 P(B|~M)=0.1 P(~B|~M)=0.9
Calculate P(B) and P(M|B).
7 After peak summer, all inhabitants of a hamlet are sick. 60% of them K3 CO2
have chicken pox, while 40% have flu. There are no other causes of
illness among this population. While 95% of those suffering from
chicken pox develop rashes, 8% of those with flu have rashes. When a
doctor examines a sick man, he observes rashes. What is the probability
that this man has chicken pox?