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MJRF 2018

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11 views3 pages

MJRF 2018

Uploaded by

kthesmart4
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Sample Question 2019

TEST CODE: QEA

1. Answer the following questions.

(a) Let f : [0, 1] → [0, 1] be a twice differentiable convex function.


Define
g(x) = [f (x)]2 ∀ x ∈ [0, 1].
Is g convex? Justify your answer. [4 marks]
(b) Let f : R → R be a function defined as

|x|
f (x) = ∀ x ∈ R \ {0}.
2x
Can f (0) be defined in a way such that f is continuous at 0?
Justify your answer. [4 marks]

2. Let f : [0, 1] → [0, 1] be a strictly increasing function with f (0) = 0


and f (1) = 1. Define a function g : [0, 1] → [0, 1] such that g(f (x)) = x
for all x ∈ [0, 1].

(a) Prove that g 0 (y) = 1


f 0 (g(y)) . [4 marks]
(b) Is g strictly increasing? [2 marks]
(c) If f (x) = x2 for all x ∈ [0, 1], then find g 0 ( 12 ). [2 marks]

3. Three courses, A, B, and C are offered to a class of 100 students. The


number of students in each course is: A is taken by 50 students, B
by 80 students, and C by 40 students. Out of all the students, 20
have taken all the three courses. Every student has taken at least one
course.

(a) How many students have taken exactly two courses? [4 marks]
(b) How many students have taken exactly one course? [4 marks]

4. Suppose A is any 2 × 2 matrix with aij denoting the entry of i-th row
and j-th column. Suppose a11 a22 = a12 a21 .

(a) Prove that one of the eigenvalues of A is zero. [4 marks]


(b) Suppose A is the following matrix. Find all its eigenvalues. [4
marks]  √ 
√2 2
A=
2 1
5. Consider the 3×3 matrix X shown below, where x, α are real numbers.
 
x α 1
X= x x 1 
6 0 1

(a) Show that if x = α then X does not have full rank. [2 marks]
(b) Show that if x = 6 then X does not have full rank. [2 marks]
(c) Show that if X does not have full rank, then either x = 6 or
x = α. [4 marks]

6. Answer the following questions.


(a) Consider the following optimization problem:
max x(1 − x),
x∈[0,β]

where β ∈ [0, 1]. Let x∗ be an optimal solution of the above


optimization problem. For what values of β will we have x∗ = β?
[6 marks]
(b) A firm is producing two products a and b. The market price (per
unit) of a and b are respectively 3 and 2. The firm has resources
to produce only 10 units of a and b together. Also, the quantity
of a produced cannot exceed double the quantity of b produced.
What is the revenue-maximizing production plan (i.e., how many
units of a and b) of the firm? [6 marks]
7. Consider two random variables: (1) rain level (r), which can be either
high or low and (2) school attendance (s), which can be either 0 or
1. The joint probability distribution of (r, s) is as follows:
Prob (high,0) = 0.2, Prob (low,0) = 0.3,
Prob (high,1) = 0.35, Prob (low,1) = 0.15.

(a) Find the marginal distribution of rain level. [4 marks]


(b) Find the conditional probability of high rain given that atten-
dance is 0. [4 marks]
(c) Are the two random variables independent? Justify your answer.
[4 marks]

8. A slip of paper is given to person A, who marks it with either (+) or


(−). The probability of her writing (+) is 13 . Then, the slip is passed
sequentially to B, C, and D. Each of them either changes the sign on
the slip with probability 23 or leaves it as it is with probability 13 .

2
(a) Compute the probability that the final sign is (+) if A wrote (+).
[3 marks]
(b) Compute the probability that the final sign is (+) if A wrote (−).
[3 marks]
(c) Compute the probability that A wrote (+) if the final sign is (+).
[6 marks]

9. There are n houses on a street numbered h1 , . . . , hn . Each house can


either be painted blue or red.

(a) How many ways can the houses h1 , . . . , hn be painted? [2 marks]


(b) Suppose n ≥ 4 and the houses are situated on n points on a circle.
There is an additional constraint on painting the houses: exactly
two houses need to be painted blue and they cannot be next to
each other. How many ways can the houses h1 , . . . , hn be painted
under this new constraint? [5 marks]
(c) How will your answer to the previous question change if the houses
are located on n points on a line. [5 marks]

10. There are n biased coins C1 , C2 , . . . , Cn . They are tossed sequentially -


coin C1 is tossed first, followed by C2 , . . ., finally Cn . The probability
1
of heads in coin Ck for each k ∈ {1, . . . , n} is 2k+1 . For every k, let
Pk be the probability that we have odd number of heads after coins
C1 , . . . , Ck are tossed.

(a) Find P1 , P2 , P3 . [3 marks]


(b) For every k ∈ {1, . . . , n}, write Pk as a function of Pk−1 . [5 marks]
(c) What is the value of Pn ? [4 marks]

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