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    Biotechnology

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    nona10.abualkhair

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    Biotechnology

    Uploaded by

    nona10.abualkhair
    12 views5 pages

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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    12 views5 pages

    Biotechnology

    Uploaded by

    nona10.abualkhair

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 5

    F

    Biotechnology and Genetic modification

    a Dr.Ahmed Shafai Biology Team


    Biotechnology and Genetic modification

    Microorganisms
    Bacteria
    Fungi

    Genetic Making
    Yeast
    modification enzymes Penicillium

    1.Bread making
    2.Beer making
    Production of
    1.Biological washing powder 3.Biofuel making
    genetically
    2.Pectinate for juice
    modified
    production
    products as
    3.Lactose free milk
    insulin

    Production of
    Advantages of immobilized enzyme
    penicillin
    1.Can be reused
    antibiotic…
    2.Product not contaminated by enzyme
    3.More stable at high temperature and pH changes fermentor
    Advantages of using bacteria in genetic modification Fermentor: -

    1.No ethical concerns


    1.Provide optimum conditions for
    2.Small and does not take too much space in labs
    growth of microorganisms to produce
    3.Reproduce rapidly
    4.Can make complex molecules maximum amount of product
    5.Have plasmids 2.Sterilized by adding steam under
    6.Share same genetic code with human high pressure to kill pathogenic
    microorganisms to avoid
    Advantages of using biofuels from yeast?
    contamination and competition for
    1.sustainable source of energy nutrients
    2.Less air pollution
    3.Less effect on global warming and
    enhanced greenhouse effect

    Name Function
    Maintain optimum temperature for maximum enzyme activity as below optimum
    Water jacket enzyme work with slow rate and above optimum enzyme denatured and active site
    change its shape so avoid overheating
    Distribute temperature/heat preventing setting of food
    Paddle/Stirrer
    Ensure mixing microorganisms with food added

    Correct amount of sugar (glucose)added for respiration and energy/


    Nutrient inlet
    ATP release, and amino acids for protein synthesis and growth

    Probe Detects/Monitor changes in temperature and pH

    Air supply Provide sterile air supply ..oxygen for aerobic respiration and
    energy/ATP release

    Collect product to be filtered, purified and packaged


    Outlet
    Steps of genetic modification Examples on genetically modified crops
    (Production of human protein..insulin)

    1.Human gene cut using restriction enzyme 1.Crops resistant to herbicides..avoid


    2.Bacterial plasmid cut using SAME restriction enzyme
    competition of water and space
    3.Forming complementary sticky ends with
    2.Crops resistant to insects
    complementary DNA base sequence
    3.Improving nutritional value of food by
    4.Human gene inserted ti plasmid using ligase enzyme
    5.Forming recombinant plasmid adding vitamins..Vit A
    6.Recombinant plasmid returned to bacteria and bacteria
    placed in fermentor to reproduce and multiply

    Genetically modified products

    Advantages Disadvantages

    1.Higher crop yield..more profit as pests 1.Resistance to herbicides genes can be


    are killed transferred to weed..super weed cross
    2.Less use of insecticides…less pollinate with wild population
    pollution…lower cost 2.May cause long term side effects
    3.Less chance of insecticides 3.Expensive
    resistance in insects
    4.Improved quality of crops..cotton

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