Homework Assignment Meeting 8

1.
The table below shows hypothetical data from an experiment with three within-subjects
conditions.

Condition A Condition B Condition C

12 10 9
15 15 13
20 25 31
32 30 27
54 46 50

For these data, the df’s are:

a. dfW=10, dfM=2, dfR=8, dfB=4

b. dfW=12, dfM=4, dfR=10, dfB=4

c. dfW=12, dfM=4, dfR=8, dfB=2

d. dfW=10, dfM=2, dfR=10, dfB=2

2.
The results of a one-way repeated-measures ANOVA with four levels on the independent
variable revealed a significance value for Mauchly’s test of p = 0.048. What does this mean?

a. The assumption of sphericity has been met.

b. This value can be ignored because sphericity is not an issue in a one-way repeated-
measures ANOVA design.

c. The assumption of sphericity has been violated.

d. That Tukey’s test should be used.

3.
Imagine we were interested in the effect of supporters singing on the number of goals
scored by soccer teams. We took 10 groups of supporters of 10 different soccer teams and
asked them to attend three home games, one (group 1) at which they were instructed to
sing in support of their team (e.g., ‘Come on, you Reds!’), one (group 2) at which they were
instructed to sing negative songs towards the opposition (e.g., ‘You’re getting sacked in the
morning!’) and one (group 3) at which they were instructed to sit quietly. The order of
chanting was counterbalanced across groups.
Looking at the output above, which of the following sentences is correct?

a. The results showed that the number of goals scored was significantly affected by the
type of singing from the supporters, F(1.58, 14.19) = 11.24, p = .002.

b. The results showed that the number of goals scored was significantly affected by the
type of singing from the supporters, F(2, 18) = 11.24, p = .001.

c. The results showed that the number of goals scored was not significantly affected by
the type of singing from the supporters, 𝜒2(2)=2.50, p = .287.

d. The results showed that the number of goals scored was significantly higher when
supporters sang positive songs towards their team, F(2, 18) = 11.24, p = .001.

4.
Looking at the output above, which of the following sentences regarding the pairwise
comparisons is correct?

a. Soccer teams scored significantly more goals when their supporters sang positive songs
towards them compared to when they sang negative songs towards the opposition, but
not compared to when they did not sing at all. Soccer teams did not significantly differ in
the number of goals scored when their supporters sang negative songs compared to
when they did not sing at all.

b. Soccer teams scored significantly more goals when their supporters sang positive songs
towards them compared to when they sang negative songs towards the opposition and
when they did not sing at all. Soccer teams scored significantly more goals when their
supporters sang negative songs compared to when they did not sing at all.

c. Soccer teams scored significantly more goals when their supporters sang positive songs
towards them compared to when they sang negative songs towards the opposition and
compared to when they did not sing at all. Soccer teams did not significantly differ in the
number of goals scored when their supporters sang negative songs compared to when
they did not sing at all.

d. Soccer teams scored significantly more goals when their supporters sang positive songs
towards them compared to when they sang negative songs towards the opposition, but
not compared to when they did not sing at all. Soccer teams scored significantly fewer
goals when their supporters sang negative songs compared to when they did not sing at
all.
5.
Which of the following is not a characteristic associated with a repeated-measures research
design?

a. Within subjects
b. Same entities used
c. Matched pairs
d. Between groups

6.
Which of the following is an example of a one-way repeated-measures research design?

a. Twenty rugby league players volunteered for a resistance training study. A one-
repetition bench press was measured before the training began, at week 3 and then again in
week 6 to evaluate strength gains.

b. Twenty rugby league players volunteered for a strength training study. Ten players
were randomly allocated to a resistance training programme and ten randomly allocated to a
plyometric training group. A one-repetition bench press was measured before the training
began, at week 3 and then again in week 6 to evaluate strength gains from each method of
training.

c. Twenty rugby league players volunteered for a strength training study. Ten players
were randomly allocated to a resistance training programme and ten randomly allocated to a
plyometric training group. A one-repetition bench press was measured at the end of the 6
weeks to evaluate strength gains from each method of training.

d. None of the descriptions are appropriate for a one-way repeated-measures research

design.

7.
Sphericity refers to the assumption that the variances of difference scores between pairs of
experimental conditions are similar, but how many conditions are at least required for
sphericity to become an issue?

a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4
8.
To test sphericity of a data set Mauchley test is used, but what threshold is appropriate to
assume sphericity is present?

a. > .05
b. < .05
c. < .01
d. < .001

9. Examine the data below on footwear (barefoot, basic neutral shoe and complex (neutral)
cushioned shoe) and the force in newtons (N) exerted when running over a force plate.

Barefoot Basic neutral shoe Complex (neutral) cushioned shoe

8 5 5
9 7 5
5 6 4
6 6 6

Calculate the total sum of squares (SS T).

a. 16
b. 18
c. 20
d. 22

10. Calculate the within sum of squares (SS W).

a. 12
b. 14
c. 16
d. 18

11. Calculate the model sum of squares (SSM).

a. 6
b. 8
c. 10
d. 12
12. Calculate the residual sum of squares (SSR).
a. 2
b. 4
c. 6
d. 8

13. Calculate the between sum of squares (SSB).

a. 2
b. 4
c. 6
d. 8

14. Calculate the mean sum of squares of the model (MS M).

a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4

15. Calculate the value for dfW.

a. 4
b. 6
c. 8
d. 10

16. Calculate the value for dfR.

a. 6
b. 8
c. 10
d. 12

17. Calculate the residual mean sum of squares (MSR).

a. 1.00
b. 1.25
c. 1.33
d. 1.50

18. Calculate the F-statistic.

a. 2.68
b. 3.00
c. 3.45
d. 3.75
19. What is the critical value (p = .05) for the F-statistic based on dfM =3 and dfR=5?

a. 7.76
b. 3.78
c. 6.94
d. 5.41

20. Which of the following statements is/are most accurate?

a. If the F-statistic is greater than the critical value then the p-value will be less than .05.
b. If the F-statistic is less than the critical value then the p-value will be less than .05.
c. If the F-statistic is greater than the critical value then the p-value will be greater than
.05.
d. All of the above are possible outcomes.
Answers

1. A
2. C
3. B
4. A
5. D
6. A
7. C
8. A
9. D
10. C
11. B
12. D
13. C
14. D
15. C
16. A
17. C
18. B
19. D
20. A