Science

Grade 8 UNIVERSITY PHILIPPINES

Maria Aurora Extension Campus
First QuarterBasic Education Department
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 SCIENCE 8
LEARNING SEGMENT KIT
Quarter 1- Week 1-Lesson 1
Newton’s Three Laws of Motion

Grade Level Standard: The Learner demonstrates understanding of Newton’s three laws of motion
Most Essential Learning Competency: Investigate the relationship between the amount of force
applied and the mass of the object to the amount of change in the object’s motion
Learning Outcomes:
 To describe Newton’s First, Second, and Third Laws of Motion and identify examples of these
laws at work in the world around them.
 To participate actively on demonstrating the activity about force and motion; and
 To show awareness on how the Newton’s Laws of Motion function in our daily life

Direction: Encircle the letter of the correct answer of the statement given below. 1. A
1. According to Newton’s third law of motion, __________ always act in pairs. 2. C
a. Law of Interaction c. Law of Inertia 3. D
b. Law of Motion d. Law of Acceleration 4. D
2. If F is force and m is mass. Then a is ____? 5. C
a. Acceleration c. Inertia
b. Work d. force
3. “A body at rest will remain at rest, and a body in motion will remain in motion unless it is acted upon by
an external force” in what law states this statement?
a. Inertia c. Interaction
b. Motion d. Acceleration
4. It is a condition which is all forces are balance.
a. Net force c. Unbalanced force
b. gravity d. equilibrium
5. He is the idea of the three laws of motion, who studied optics, astronomy and math and invented
calculus. Who is he?
a. Galileo Galilei c. Neil Armstrong
b. Gottfried Leibniz d. Aristotle

Motion is the process of something moving or changing place or even just changing position. All motions
are relative to some frame of reference. Saying that a body is at rest, which means that it is not in motion,
merely means that it is being described with respect to a frame of reference that is moving together with the
body. Even book falling off a table, water flowing from the tap, rattling windows, all exhibit motion. Even the air
that we breathe exhibits motion! Everything in the universe moves. We live in a universe that is in continual
motion. The fundamental particle of a matter that is the atom is in constant motion too. Every physical process
in the universe is composed of motion of some sort. The motion can either be swift or slow, but motion exists. It
is important that we give due attention to the study of motion because of its importance in the physical world.

The Three Laws of Motion:

Sir Isaac Newton's three laws of motion describe the motion of massive bodies and how they interact.
While Newton's laws may seem obvious to us today, more than three centuries ago they were considered
revolutionary.
Newton was one of the most influential scientists of all time. His ideas became the basis for modern physics. He
built upon ideas put forth from the works of previous scientists including Galileo and Aristotle and was able to
prove some ideas that had only been theories in the past. He studied optics, astronomy and math — he
invented calculus. (German mathematician Gottfried Leibniz is also credited with developing it independently at
about the same time.)

Newton’s laws of motion, relations between the forces acting on a body and the motion of the body, first
formulated by English physicist and mathematician Sir Isaac Newton.
 The First Law of Motion states, "A body at rest will remain at rest, and
a body in motion will remain in motion unless it is acted upon by an
external force." This simply means that things cannot start, stop, or
change direction all by themselves. It takes some force acting on them from
the outside to cause such a change. This property of massive bodies to
resist changes in their state of motion is sometimes called inertia. Objects
at equilibrium (the condition in which all forces balance) will not accelerate.
According to Newton, an object will only accelerate if there is a net (is the
vector sum of all the forces that act upon an object) or unbalanced
force acting upon it. The presence of an unbalanced force will accelerate an
object - changing its speed, its direction, or both its speed and direction.

The Second Law of Motion describes what happens to a massive body

when it is acted upon by an external force. It states, "The force acting on
an object is equal to the mass of that object times its acceleration."
This is written in mathematical form as “F = ma, where F is force, m is
mass, and a is acceleration” or simply called as acceleration. A force is a
push or pull upon an object resulting from the object's interaction with
another object. Whenever there is an interaction between two objects,
there is a force upon each of the objects.

The Third Law of Motion states, "For every action, there is an equal
and opposite reaction." This law describes what happens to a body when
it exerts a force on another body. Forces always occur in pairs, so when
one body pushes against another, the second body pushes back just as
hard. For example, when you push a cart, the cart pushes back against
you; when you pull on a rope, the rope pulls back against you; when gravity
pulls you down against the ground, the ground pushes up against your feet;
and when a rocket ignites its fuel behind it, the expanding exhaust gas
pushes on the rocket causing it to accelerate, simplified as interaction.

Direction: Label each of the following images/descriptions below as being examples of 1st, 2nd, or 3rd law.

1. 2.

_________________________________ _____________________________________

3. 4.

_________________________________ _____________________________________

5.

_____________________________________
 A force is a push or a pull. Much of what we know about forces and their resulting motions comes from
the ideas of Sir Isaac Newton. A mathematician and scientist, Newton lived in England during the 1600s. He
published his observations and theories about force and motion in 1687. Even though Newton’s document is
now hundreds of years old, the three “laws” he presented are still the foundation of modern physics.To explore
force and motion, we need to understand Newton’s three laws and be able to identify them in the world around
us.
Motion is the process of something moving or changing place or even just changing position. All motions
are relative to some frame of reference. Sir Isaac Newton was a physicist, mathematician, and philosopher.
Newton's theory of classical mechanics was one of the most important and influential achievements in science.
He advanced the works of Galileo, Kepler, and Huygens and formulated his theories into three fundamental
laws of motion. Newton's laws of motion are the basis of classical mechanics. The laws of motion is divided into
3 namely:

Law of Inertia
 His first law stated that objects at rest tend to stay at rest, and objects in motion tend to stay in motion. In
other words, there's this thing called "inertia," which is a measure of an object's resistance to motion.
Law of Acceleration
 Speaking of forces, that was Newton's second law: forces applied to an object give them acceleration,
with the amount of acceleration dependent on the object's mass. In mathematical form as F = ma,
where F is force, m is mass, and a is acceleration.
Law of Interaction or Action reaction
 Newton's last law, that each force has an equal and opposite force, seems like a minor addition. But it too
was a major revolution in thought. When you push on something, you're applying a force to it and
causing it to accelerate. It usually work on pairs.
ADDITIONAL LEARNING GUIDE: Practical Science 8 Textbook Page 2-9.

 Practical Science 8 Textbook

 https://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-motion-definition-laws-quiz.html
 https://www.britannica.com/science/motion-mechanics
 https://byjus.com/physics/introduction-to-motion/
 https://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-a-newton-units-lesson-
quiz.html#:~:text=of%20classical%20mechanics.-,Definition,meter%20per%20second%20per%20second
.