STA 101: Mathematics for Business and Social Sciences I - 2012-13(1)

Note: Answer Question 1 and ANY OTHER TWO Questions.

Time: 2 hours Marks: 100

Question 1

(a) Simplify the following expression completely;

x 3
− −1
( x − 3) ( x + 2 )( x − 3)
(b) Given that the point (2, −3) lies on the line  − 2 + 10 = 0, find

i) k and hence,

ii) the slope of the line.

(c) Find the solution to the following inequality: x2 − 2x − 8 ≤ 0

(d) Let  =  and  =  . Show that() =    .

1 3 1 1 
 
0 2 1 2 

(e) Use log23= 1.585 and log24=2.000 to find the value of log248.

(f) Simplify the expression completely:

 x 2 ( x 2 − 1) 2 
1

ln  
 e2 x 
 

15
(g) Find the sum ∑ (2
k =1
k
+ k)

(h) Solve for the following simultaneous equations (use any method)

− 2 = 5

2 + 3 = 3 (5 X 8 = 40 marks)

1
Question 2

(a) Solve the following system of linear equations by any method that you know.

2  −  +3  =5

2  −  =2

−  +4  =1

(b) John buys a new apartment building for P150,000. He expects it to be worth P30,000
after 30 years.

(i) Determine the linear equation that describes the value of the building, in Pula, given its
age in years.

Suppose  =
(ii) What is the value of the building after 15 years?

. Express  in terms of the remaining letters.
+
(c)

(15 + 7 + 8= 30 marks)

Question 3

1 1   x  1 
a) A system of linear equations in two variables is expressed as     =  .
1 2   y   3 
1 1 
(i) Find the inverse, ( A−1 ) of A =   and hence or otherwise
1 2 
(ii) Obtain the solution of the system
x + y =1
x + 2y = 3

b) By using any method of your choice, find the inverse of the matrix B given by

2 −1 0
 
B = 1 1 0
 
2 0 3

c) Suppose that the set A = {−2, − 1, 0, 1, 2}, the set B = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5} and R is
the relation ‘the square is’ on the set A to set B .
(i) Represent R by an arrow diagram or on a graph.
(ii) Write the ordered pairs of the relation. (4+4+12+6+4 = 30 Marks)

2
Question 4

a) Shade the solution to the following inequality on the graph: 3 x − 2 y > 15 .

b) A farmer has 20 acres for planting black-eye beans and millet. The farmer has to decide
how much of each to grow. The cost per acre for black-eye beans is P30 and for millet is
P20. The farmer has budgeted for P480. Black-eye beans require 1 man-day per acre and
millet requires 2 man-days per acre. There are 36 man-days available. The profit on
black-eye beans is P100 per acre and on millet is P120 per acre.
i) Formulate the farmer’s crop production problem as a linear programming problem.
ii) Draw a graph showing the feasible region and shade the unwanted regions.
iii) Using the graph, find the number of acres of each crop the farmer should sow to
maximize profit. What is the profit at this production level? (5+6+10+9 = 30marks)

Question 5

(a) How long does it take for P 3,000 to grow up to P 12,000 at 6% annual interest rate
compounded continuously?

(b) A certain sum of money was invested at 16% simple interest per annum. If, in 3 years
this earned an interest of P 600, find the principal or the amount of money invested.

(c) Suppose you will earn a sum of P 60,000 in 5 years from now. If the interest rate is 8%
compounded quarterly, what is its present value?

(d) Paul estimates that he will need P 10,000 in cash to pay for the lobola to marry his fiancé
in 4 years from now. How much should he deposit at the end of each month into an
account which pays an interest of 12% per annum compounded monthly so that there
will be enough money in the account at the end of 4 years?

(e) Pule invests P100 at the end of each month at an interest of 12% per annum
compounded monthly. Find the value of his account at the end of 5 years.

(5 + 5 + 5 + 8+7 = 30 marks)

THE END OF QUESTION PAPER!

GOOD LUCK!!

3
 STA 101: Maths for Bus & Social Sciences I 2012-13(1)

Solution

Question 1

x 3
(a) − −1
( x − 3) ( x + 2 )( x − 3)
x ( x + 2 ) − 3 − ( x + 2 )( x − 3)
=
( x + 2 )( x − 3)

x 2 + 2 x − 3 − ( x 2 − 3x + 2 x − 6 )
=
( x + 2 )( x − 3)

x 2 + 2 x − 3 − x 2 + 3x − 2 x + 6
=
( x + 2 )( x − 3)
3 ( x + 1)
=
( x + 2 )( x − 3)
(b) i) We have −3k − 4 + 10 = 0 i.e, −3k = −10 + 4 = −6 ,i.e, k = 2.

ii) We have 2 y − 2 x + 10 = 0 .Thus slope of the line is m = −

a
=−
( −2 ) = 1
b 2

(c) x2 − 2x − 8 ≤ 0

⇒ ( x − 4 )( x + 2 ) ≤ 0

⇒ ( x − 4 ) ≤ 0 and ( x + 2 ) ≥ 0 or ( x − 4 ) ≥ 0 and ( x + 2 ) ≤ 0

⇒ x ≤ 4 and x ≥ −2 or x ≥ 4 and x ≤ −2

⇒ −2 ≤ x ≤ 4

(d) Let  =  and  =  . Show that() =    .

1 3 1 1 
 
0 2 1 2 

 1 3  1 1   1.1 + 3.1 1.1 + 3.2   4 7 

AB =   = = 
 0 2  1 2   0.1 + 2.1 0.1 + 2.2   2 4 

T  4 2
( AB ) = 
7 4
4
 1 1   1 0   1.1 + 1.3 1.0 + 1.2   4 2  T
BT AT =   = =  = ( AB ) .
1 2   3 2   1.1 + 2.3 1.0 + 2.2   7 4 

(e) Use log23= 1.585 and log24=2.000 to find the value of log248.

log 2 ( 48 ) = log 2 ( 3 × 4 2 )

= log 2 ( 3) + log 2 ( 42 )

= log 2 ( 3) + 2log 2 ( 4 )

= 1.585 + 2 × 2 = 5.585

(f) Simplify the expression completely:

 2 2 1

 
( )
= ln  x ( x − 1) 2  − ln e2 x

1
= ln ( x ) + ln( x 2 − 1) − ln ( e2 x )
2 2

1
= 2 ln ( x ) + ln( x 2 − 1) − 2 x ln ( e )
2

1
= 2 ln ( x ) + ln( x 2 − 1) − 2 x
2
15
(g) ∑ (2
k =1
k
+ k)

15 15
= ∑ 2k + ∑ k
k =1 k =1

= 2×
(2 − 1) 15
15

+ {2 × 1 + (15 − 1)(1)}
( 2 − 1) 2
15
= 2 × ( 215 − 1) + {16}
2

= 65534+120 = 65654.

(h) Solve for the following simultaneous equations (use any method)

From equation (1) we have, x = 5 + 2 y

Substituting for x in 2 x + 3 y = 3 , we get

5
 2 (5 + 2 y ) + 3 y = 3

⇒ 10 + 4 y + 3 y = 3

⇒ 7 y = 3 − 10 = −7

⇒ y = −1.

Finally, x = 5 + 2 × ( −1) = 3

Question 2

(a) Solve the following system of linear equations by any method that you know.

2  −  +3  =5 (1)

2  −  =2 (2)

−  +4  =1 (3)

Solution by Elimination Method

First, consider Eqs. (1) and (2): Eliminate  by 3 x Eq.(2)+Eq.(1) to obtain

2  −  +3  =5

6  −3  =6

2  +5  = 11 (4)

Next, consider Eqs. (3) and (4) as each has only 2 variables  and  (easiest to handle!):

Eliminate  by 2 x Eq.(3)+Eq.(4)

−2  +8  =2

2  +5  = 11

13  = 13

⇒  =1

So, by Eq.(3),  = 4(1) − 1

⇒  =3

And, substituting  = 1 into Eq. (2) yields

 = 2(1) − 2

∴  =0

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 Thus, solution is  = 3,  = 1,  =0

(a) Alternative Solution by Gauss-Jordan Method

Augmented matrix:

2 −1 3 5
0 2 −1 2!
−1 4 0 1
1 3 3 6
" → " + "  0 2 −1 2!
−1 4 0 1
1 3 3 6
" → " + " 0 2 −1 2!
0 7 3 7
1 3 3 6
" →  " %0 1 − &1'
 

0 7 3 7

1 0
)
 3
" → " − 3" (0 1 −
*1+
7
0 7 3

1 0
)

. 3
 1

" → " − 7" -0 1 − **10
 0
0 0
,  /

1 0
)
 3
" →  " (0 *1+

1 −
0
0 0 1
1 0 0 3
" → " − " %0 1 − &1'
) 

0 0 1 0
1 0 03
" → " +  " 0 1 0 1!


0 0 10
∴  = 3,  = 1,  =0

(b) John buys a new apartment building for P150 000. He expects it to be worth P30 000
after 30 years.

7
 (i) Determine the linear equation that describes the value of the building, in Pula, given its
age in years.

(ii) What is the value of the building after 15 years? (i) Let X be age of building in years

Let Y be value of the building after x years

Then,

( 2 , 2 ) = (0, 150000) and (  ,  ) = (30, 30000)

Slope 3 = 8 = = = -4000
45647 :777795;7777 95<7777
5 987 :797 :7

Linear equation of the form

 == +>

where is the y-intercept (i.e. > = 150000)

∴  = −4000 + 150000

(ii) After = 15 years, value of the building will be

2 = 150000 − 4000(15) = 90000 Pula.

Suppose  = +. Express  in terms of the remaining letters.


(c)

If  =
@
A@BAC
, then

( + ) = 

 +  = 

 −  = −

( − 1) = −

 = (DA9)
9DAC

8
Question 3

1 1   x  1 
a) A system of linear equations in two variables is expressed as     =  .
1 2   y   3 
1 1 
(iii) Find the inverse, ( A−1 ) of A =   and hence or otherwise
1 2 
(iv) Obtain the solution of the system
x + y =1
x + 2y = 3

(i)

| A |= 1× 2 − 1× 1 = 1
(i)
Interchange diagonal elements and change sign of off diagonal elements to get

adj ( A )  2 −1 
A −1 = =  , since determinant is 1.
A  −1 1 

Alternatively can use elementary row operations or cofactors/ad joint method:

Cofactors/Ad joint

c11 = 2, c12 = −1; c 21 = −1, c 22 = 1 hence

T
1  c11
−1
c12   2 −1
A =   = 
det( A)  c21 c 22   −1 1 

1 1   x  1  −1
(ii) Pre-multiply both sides of     =   by A
 1 2    
y 3
 2 −1 1 1   x   2 −1 1 
    =   
 −1 1  1 2   y   −1 1   3 
 2 −1 1 1   2 ×1 − 1× 1 2 ×1 − 1× 2   1 0 
(iii)   = = 
 −1 1  1 2   −1× 1 + 1×1 −1× 1 + 1× 2   0 1 

 2 −1 1   2 × 1 − 1× 3   −1 
   =  = 
 −1 1  3   −1× 1 + 1× 3   2 

 1 0  x   −1   x   −1 
⇒   =   ⇒ = 
 0 1  y   2   y   2

9
  
2 −1 0
 
(b) Find the inverse of B = 1 1 0
 
2 0 3

Using elementary row operations (Gauss-Jordan) method

2 −1 0 |1 0 0 3 0 0 |1 1 0
   
(B | I ) = 1 1 0 |0 1 0 R1 + R2 = 1 1 0 |0 1 0 ;
 
2 0 3 |0 0 1 2 0 3 |0 0 1
 ;  

3 0 0 | 1 1 0 3 0 0 | 1 1 0
  

3R2 − R1 = 0 3 0 |−1 2 0 ; 3R 3 − 2R1 = 0 3 0 |−1 2 0
   
2 0 3 | 0 0 1 0 0 9 |−1 −1 3

1 0 0 | 1 3 13 0 


R1 3, R2 3 & R2 9 = 0 1 0 |−1 3 2 3 0 
 
0 0 1 | − 1 9 − 1 9 1 9

13 13 0   3 3 0

 
 1  
B −1 = −1 3 2 3 0  = −3 6 0 
  9  
−1 9 −1 9 1 9 −2 −2 3 

(c ) A = {−2, − 1, 0, 1, 2}, the B = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5} and R is the relation “is a square of” on the
set A to set B

(i) Represent R by an arrow diagram or on a graph.

10
OR

Y 4

0
-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3
X

(ii) write the ordered pairs of the relation

Ordered pairs (x,y) = {(-2,4), (-1, 1) (0, 0) (1,1) (2,4)

Question 4

a) Shade the solution to the following inequality on the graph: 3 x − 2 y > 15 .

Given 3 x − 2 y > 15 , draw the line 3 x − 2 y = 15.
Find the points
x y
0 - 15/2
5 0

Test point : (0,0) : 3(0)-2(0) = 0 < 15

10
8
6
4
2
(0,0)
-10 -8 -6 -4 -2 2 4 6 8 10
-4 3x-2y>15

11
 -6
3x-y=15
-10

b) A farmer has 20 acres for planting black-eye beans and millet. The farmer has to decide
how much of each to grow. The cost per acre for black-eye beans is P30 and for millet is
P20. The farmer has budgeted for P480. Black-eye beans require 1 man-day per acre and
millet requires 2 man-days per acre. There are 36 man-days available. The profit on
black-eye beans is P100 per acre and on millet is P120 per acre.

j) Formulate the farmer’s crop production problem as a linear programming problem.

iv) Draw a graph showing the feasible region and shade the unwanted regions.
v) Using the graph, find the number of acres of each crop the farmer should sow to
maximize profit. What is the profit at this production level?
Solution
Let x be no of acres of black eye crop sown and y be that of millet.
The objective function is : Maximize P = 100 x + 120 y
Subject to: x + y ≤ 20
30 x + 20 y ≤ 480
x + 2 y ≤ 36

and x ≥ 0, y ≥ 0.

Plot the regions: Test point (0, 0)

Equation (1 ) : x + y = 20 0 + 0 + 0 < 20

x y
0 20
20 0

Test point (0, 0)

Equation (2 ) : 30 x + 20 y = 480 30(0)+20(0) = 0 < 480

x y

12
 0 24
16 0

Test point (0, 0)

Equation (3 ) : x + 2 y = 36 (0)+2(0) = 0 < 36

x y
0 18
36 0
aaaaabb yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy
A aa 20 yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy

16 B yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy

14 bb yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy

12 C bbbbb yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy

10 x+y=20 yyyyyyyyyyyyyy

8 aa bbbbbbbbbb x+2y=16

6 FEASIBLE REGION aaaabbbbbbbbbbbbbbb yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy

4 (3 marks) aaaa 30x+20y=480 bbbbb yyyyyyyyyyy

2 D aaaaabbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb yyyyyyyyyyy

(0,0) 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 yyyyy

Each line 1 mark and test points -1 mark

Corner Points:

Point (x,y) Profit P=100x+120y

A (0,18) 2160
B (4,16) 2320
C (8,12) 2240
D (16,0) 1600

13
Maximum profit at x = 4 and y = 16 giving maximum profit 100 (4) + 120(16) = P2320.

Question 5

(a) How long does it take for P 3,000 to grow up to P 12,000 at 6% annual interest rate
compounded continuously?

We are given P = P 3000, A = P12000, r = 0.06

Thus, A = Pe rt ⇒ 12000 = 3000 × e 0.06t ⇒ 4 = e 0.06t

⇒ ln 4 = 0.06t

ln 4
⇒t = = 23.1 years.
0.06

(b) A certain sum of money was invested at 16% simple interest per annum. If, in 3 years
this earned an interest of P 600, find the principal or the amount of money invested.

We are given I = P 600, t = 3 years, r = 0.16 .

I 600
Using the formula, I = Pr t , or P = = = P1250 we get
r t ( 0.16 ) × 3

(c) Suppose you will earn a sum of P 60,000 in 5 years from now. If the interest rate is 8%
compounded quarterly, what is its present value?

We are given A = P 60000, r = 0.08, t = 5 years

A 60000 60000
Using the formula, P = mt
= 4×5
= 20
= P 40378.28
 r  0.08  (1.02 )
1 +  1 + 
 m  4 

(d) Paul estimates that he will need P 10,000 in cash to pay for the lobola to marry his fiancé
in 4 years from now. How much should he deposit at the end of each month into an
account which pays an interest of 12% per annum compounded monthly so that there
will be enough money in the account at the end of 4 years?

We use the formula,

S ×i
R= n
(1 + i ) −1

We are given ,
r 0.12
S = P10000,interest per month, i = = = 0.01, n = mt = 12 × 4 = 48 months
n 12

Thus,
14
 10000 × ( 0.01) 100
R= 48
= 48
= P163.34
(1 + 0.01) −1 (1.01) −1

(e) Pule invests P100 at the end of each month at an interest of 12% per annum
compounded monthly. Find the value of his account at the end of 5 years.

We use the formula,

 (1 + i )n − 1 
S = R 
 i 

We are given ,
r 0.12
R = P100, interest per month, i = = = 0.01, n = tm = 5 × 12 = 60 months
n 12

Thus, the value of the account after 5 years,

 (1.01)60 − 1 
S = 100   = P8166.97
 0.01 

END OF SOLUTIONS!

15