1.

Power BI Development & Data Modelling

• How do you approach data modelling in Power BI? Can you explain the importance
of a star schema and when to use a snowflake schema?

For a good data model we need a well designed schema with the proper dimension
and fact table in that case star schema gives the justification which is having the one
fact for all the dimensions and the relationship will be having the faster response
where as snowflake is having the complex relationships with the dimension tables
having the child dimensions which is difficult for the power bi data model to process.

• What are calculated columns and measures, and when would you prefer one over the
other?

Both will be created with the help of DAX only but calculated column occupies the
storage and it will be part in the Dataset where as Measure will not occupy any
storage and it will be saved as Fly whenever you’re using that measure then it will
work and not consume any storage it will be better in aggregations and filtering than
the calculated columns

• Explain the different types of relationships in Power BI and when you would use bi-
directional relationships.

There are few relationships in power bi those are.

One to one
One to Many
Many to One
Many to Many

whenever the interaction is required form the both ends we will be using the bi
directional relationship.

• How do you handle data transformation in Power Query? Give examples of advanced
transformations you've implemented.

Before we load the data into the Power Pivot we will be checking on the data types
whether all the data types are properly allocated or not and will be checking on the
data whether it is having any error values Nulls or any duplicate entries.

After all these checks will load the data into the Power BI.

• Describe a scenario where you optimized a slow Power BI report. What techniques
did you use?

Firstly If I observe the report is performing very slowly rather than the usual will
check is there any cache formed in the data load and will clear the cache with respect
to the desktop and service and check on the performance analyser see any measures
are taking more time than the expected usual time will see the measures allocated to
those visuals and check DAX functions if any improvement is needed will re write the
 DAX with some Variables in the Dax.

• What is your experience with composite models, and when would you use Direct
Query versus Import mode?

In the cases when we are having the huge data then we will be going with the Direct
Query if we have the dataset which is not applicable with the direct query mode will
be going with the Import along with the direct query which makes as a composite
model.

In minimal data scenarios will go with the Import and huge data will go with the
Direct query

2. DAX (Data Analysis Expressions)

• Explain the difference between CALCULATE and FILTER functions in DAX.

Both these functions used in filtering the data calculate is used when you would like
to aggregate the data on specific filter conditions or making the interactions easier
with the aggregations.

Filter functions name itself indicates that it will filter the data but there few types in it
it will work based on those conditions.

You can create the summarized tales with the filter conditions.

• How would you create a measure to calculate Year-to-Date (YTD) and Quarter-to-
Date (QTD) sales?

There are predefined Measure for the YTD and QTD functions depends upon the
requirement we need use them and get the desired output.

These functions are used to calculate the sales based on the Yearly and quarterly basis
for today.

• Describe how you would use ALLEXCEPT to filter data in a specific context.

In the filter functions this is one of the function and it will be used when you would
like to interact the data with all the fields except one field lets assume you’re having
the sales data with respect to product and Country but you don’t want to interact the
sales with the country then you will be choosing the country in Allexept scenario.

• How would you troubleshoot a complex DAX measure that’s not returning the
expected result?

Will check on fields which are used in the DAX will have look into the data available
in that fields and check whether those are having appropriate datatypes or not.
Will correct the datatypes if it is differs these also causes issues in most of the
 scenarios and will check what error it is throwing while using that measure.

Based upon that will proceed further.

• Can you explain what context transition is in DAX, and why it is important?

Usually whatever the data we are loading into the power bi will be having the direct
fields and will not having the calculations or aggregation with them whenever you
would like to get some insights out of the data we need to make use of the Data
Analysis Expressions.

Row and Filter context.

• What’s the difference between ALL and REMOVEFILTERS in DAX?

All filter and remove filter applies on the same behaviour while one avoids the data
slicing for entire data and the other other removes the filters for specific fields which
are mentioned in the measure.

3. Data Visualization and Report Design

• How do you decide which chart type to use for specific data insights?

There are different visuals available in power bi desktop but all of them are not usable
in all the situations for portioning the whole data into portions will use Pie or Donut
chart to compare we will be using Column chart for showing the trend over time will
use Line or Area chart to showcase the hierarchy will use the funnel chart relation and
hierarchy will use decomposition tree or Tree map.

There are few other charts as well used for different context

• Explain the use of bookmarks and how they enhance user experience in Power BI
reports.

When you would like to showcase the data on the different types of situation like if
you take the reference cricket for the bowler and batsman statistics within the same
page will be creating the bookmarks with the set of visuals that supports the scenario
and implement the book mark action so that we will be getting the desired visuals
based upon the selection we ca be able to use the existing filters for the other
bookmarks to have dynamic selection enabled on the bookmarks.

• What are some best practices you follow for report design and readability?

Make the data model clear to have the proper relationships with the tables and have
the required visuals only in the report which are helpful and will arrange the visuals in
such a way that after seeing the report tittle and visuals itself the end user will get
some insights and make use of the legends and tooltips proper visual and page
formatting and make use of pleasant colours for the report design.
 • How do you approach designing a report for mobile view?

Over the 5 years of experience in the IT industry as a Data Analyst I haven’t gotten
the requirement to create the report on the Mobile layout but it’s not a tough one we
can create the report by selecting the mobile view and create the reports as usual like
creating in the normal mode else you can create the visuals in normal mode and
arrange them by changing it to the Mobile lay out.

• Can you explain the use of custom visuals, and when do you decide to use them over
native Power BI visuals?

We may have the requirement to use some custom visuals in our reports instead of the
native visuals but those will add some value to our report like scroll bar and sunburst
chart and rotating card visual will add some value to our reports with their unique
features.

• Describe how you use drill-through, drill-down, and hierarchy navigation in Power BI
reports.

Whenever we have got the requirement to navigate the data in one page to other page
and show the data based on the selection we will be using the drill through
functionality and when we are having the ask to show case the data in a hierarchical
way like country to state and then district will be using the drill down feature In the
report.

We do have different navigator options in the Power BI one is Page navigator and
other is Bookmark Navigator.

4. Power BI Administration & Deployment

• Explain your experience with Power BI Service and managing workspaces, datasets,
and reports.

Whatever the reports we have create din the power bi desktop those we will be
publishing tit to the service and we can choose the workspace where we would like to
publish it and from there we can be able to collaborate the reports and work with
different users in the service.

We do have different roles and features in the power bi service.

Those will be vary based on the license which we are using.

We have email subscription and different kinds of refreshes and embedding the
reports with the different environments and we can auto create the reports with the
datasets available in service and see the usage metrics based upon the report usage by
different users.

• How do you schedule data refresh in Power BI, and what issues have you encountered
with refreshes?
 We do have different types of refreshed in power bi service those are on demand
schedules and refresh through API.

We might be experiencing the issue with the dataset credentials error and gateway
offline error while doing the scheduled or on demand refresh as well.

To overcome that we need to check the refresh history and how many schedules have
been created on the dataset at the same time so that we can avoid the load on the
source so that the refresh will go smoother.

If the scheduled refresh fails more than 4 or 5 times it will not get succeeded in the
next scheduled refreshes we need to do the manual refresh.

• What are the different roles in Power BI Service, and how do you manage access
control?

We do have different roles in the power service:

Workspace roles:
Admin
Member
Contributor
Viewer

Dataset:
Read
Write
Build

Global admin will be having all the control over the tenant and power bi admin will
be having the control over the Power Bi Service to work on the Power BI admin
portal you need to have the any of these permissions.

• Describe the process of deploying a Power BI report to production. What

considerations do you take for security and performance?

Before deploying the report into the production workspace we need to be sure enough
whether the data coming in the reports are getting the correct values and visuals are
getting interacted properly and the datasets are getting refreshed on the regular basis
and not having any difficulty and gateway connections and configurations are mapped
properly and main thing if the RLS is required do we have created the Dynamic Row
level security on the reports.

One we have done with all these checks will publish the report to the service.

• How do you use Power BI Gateway, and what challenges have you faced with
configuring it?
The main moto of the gateway is to process the data from the source to service.
 There are couple of options in it for us.

On premises Data Gateway and Personnel gateway.

The on premises data gateway works with the entire organisation and the personal
gateway works with the individual user.

To make the connection with the source we need to configure the gateway in the
server machine and create the connections in the power bi service which will reach
the source from the service.

We do have the cloud gateway connection which doesn’t require any application
installation.

Most of the cases we will be getting the gateway offline issues if we have the gateway
in the personnel computers and to void that issue we need to have the gateway in the
Server machine which will run the gateway around the clock and it will be online in
all the situations.

Sometimes if the source having the load gateway will not be able to establish the
connection with the source and it will result in refresh failure.

We need to have the schedule with the time intervals so that source will not have the
load on it.

Some cases the source credentials will be not authenticated which we need to give it
again to get it resolved.

• Have you implemented row-level security (RLS) in Power BI? Describe the approach
and any complexities faced.

Yes, I do have implemented the Static and Dynamic RLS in Power BI desktop in that
static RLS works Manually and Dynamic RLS works automatically for the users who
have been configured.

For the dynamic RLS we need to write the User-principle name DAX function and
need to configure it in the dataset settings security and apply those Securities and if
you would like to test it you can test that security as well.

5. Advanced Topics and Integration

• Have you integrated Power BI with other data sources, like Azure Data Lake or SQL
Server? Describe the process and any challenges.

Yes, I have integrated the Power BI Desktop with the several data sources in that I
have used the Azure Data Lake and SQL Server.

SQL Server:

We can connect with the SQL in the Import and Direct Query mode as well.
 With the Azure Data Lake also we can have the two connectivity modes.

If the SQL is connecting through the ODBC Driver need to configure it properly.

• What is your experience with Power BI’s REST API? Have you used it for report
automation or integration purposes?

Yes, If you don’t wants to use the Power BI interface and achieve your requirement
like dataset refresh and getting the reports to the local machine and doing the dataset
refresh we can achieve that with the help of refresh we do have different kinds of
API’S.

We can work on the different API’S on the requirement.

• How do you handle real-time data in Power BI? Describe your experience with
streaming datasets.

We do have couple of streaming datasets which are supported by the Power BI in that
SSAS is one of the source and AAS is the other one.

In both the cases we can connect to the data directly and create the reports but we
can’t be able to do any transformation in the power BI desktop and we will not e
having the dataset created for the Live connected report.

• Explain how you would use Power BI embedded capabilities for a client application.

We can embed the reports to different environments from the Power BI service for
that we need to have the proper permissions from the admin portal and need to
configure the SSO based on the interface we are doing the embedding.

We do have different options in it .

Embed to website.
Embed to Share Point

• What are Power BI’s limitations in handling large datasets, and how have you worked
around them?

While handling the large dataset Power BI direct query is having few limitations
which is not allow more than 10 Million rows in the dataset.

With the import connectivity mode if your report size is more than 1GB file size there
few limitations and with respect to visuals there are few data point limitations on the
large data.

To overcome this situation we can enable the large dataset model in the Power BI
service workspace settings and filter the data which is causing the issue in the Power
BI Visuals.
 To avoid the issues with the large dataset you can work with the Incremental refresh
set up other than the normal refresh.

6. Troubleshooting and Optimization

• Describe a scenario where you had to troubleshoot a report that wasn’t loading as
expected. How did you identify and resolve the issue?

If the issue is with the report loading in Power BI Desktop.

You can check the issue by clearing the cache in the Data load options and try to
check the issue by doing the refresh and if the issue still happening try to clear the
Global Permissions and Data source settings.

Once those steps are done the report will establish the fresh connection with the
source and load the report as expected.

If the issue is with the visual depends on the error we need to proceed with the
troubleshooting.

• What techniques do you use to optimize DAX calculations for large datasets?

Will be using the Measures instead of Calculated columns and will be using variables
to reduce the load.

Whatever the visual’s required will keep them only and avoid the un necessary fields
in the visuals.

Remove the unwanted columns in the dataset and remove the errors and duplicates. In
the source.

• How would you troubleshoot a slow report in Power BI Service that performs well in
Power BI Desktop?

Will try to check first whether the report the user is using is book marked or that is
available in the Power BI service itself.

Initially I will try to check the issue in the different browser and with the different
internet connectivity.

If the issue is still happening will check it by clearing the cache or checking the issue
in the Incognito window.

Sometimes if the load on the source or the count of the users using the report also
makes the difference.

• How do you monitor and manage data refresh failures, and what proactive measures
do you implement to avoid them?

Make sure we are having the proper connectivity with the source and gateway is
 reachable and showing online in the Manage connections and settings.

if any refresh failure is happening also we need to have a look on the error what it is
throwing and need to investigate on it.

To avoid the gateway connectivity issues will be placing the gateway in the Server
machine and we can track the health in the gateway monitoring hub.

If the issue is with the source need to re authenticate the dataset credentials again and
save it.

if that is also not fixing you’re issue need to re publish the report to the service again.

One more thing you can set up the Email alerts for the failed refreshes there you will
be getting the all the information on the failure

7. Future Developments and Features

• What recent Power BI feature updates do you find most useful, and how have they
impacted your work?

We are getting new feature In the Power BI on the Monthly basis every time they are
releasing new features and I have liked couple of them on of them is the On object
interaction and the other is Few visuals like New card visual list slicer.

We do got few DAX functions in the desktop named Info functions those are really
helpful and the visual calculations in the DAX view.

I do follow the Power BI Community to get updated on all the possible ways on the
Power BI

• How do you keep up with Power BI’s monthly updates, and how do you decide which
features to incorporate?

Power BI Community and as I’m working with the Microsoft Client is an advantage
to me will be updated on all the new features which are going to be released in the
near and future releases.

And one more if you’re looking for any specific feature we can raise an idea in the
Power Bi now It’s a Fabric ideas forum.

• Can you explain the importance of integrating AI and machine learning models in
Power BI? Have you worked with any AI visuals or features?

Integrating the AI in the Power BI is more helpful in all the times, there are few
visuals like smart narratives Q&A visuals, Decompositions tree will be comes under
this list.

I’m using these features from a long time and now I’ using the co-pilot as well.