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Introduction To Comp24 - L2

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13 views14 pages

Introduction To Comp24 - L2

Uploaded by

omarshoramail945
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Introduction to Computer Science

Engineering department
2024
Components of Computer Hardware
CPU performs calculations and processing the input data, to
generate the output (i.e. controls operations of the computer).
The memory unit stores the instructions and the data during
the input activity, to make instructions readily available to
CPU during processing. It also stores the processed output.
The user interacts with the computer via the I/O units. The
Input unit accepts data from the user and the Output unit
provides or delivers processed data i.e. information to user.
The input unit converts the data that it accepts from the user,
into a form that is understandable by the computer (0,1).
The output unit provides the output in a form that is
understandable by the user.
Central Processing Unit (CPU) or the Processor
•The brain that controls, coordinates and supervises
computer’s operations by set of signals.
•It is responsible for processing of the input data.
•CPU executes the stored program instructions .
•Instructions and data are stored in memory before execution.
•CPU consists of Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU), Registers, and
Control Unit (CU).
• ALU performs all arithmetic and logic operations on data.
•CU is responsible for organizing processing of instructions,
and controls activity of other units of computer
•CPU uses registers to store data, instructions during
processing.
•Registers which are fast temporary storage areas for holding
data, and instructions for CPU .
Memory Unit
•The memory unit consists of cache and primary memories.
1.Secondary storage memory : It is non-volatile and used for
permanent storage of data and programs.
2.Primary or Main Memory (RAM)
•It stores data and instructions during instructions execution.
•A program or data that has to be executed is brought into the
RAM from the secondary memory.
3.Cache Memory
•Instructions are brought from secondary storage and stored
in RAM (fetch).
•For processing, the data and instructions are accessed from
RAM and stored in registers.
•The time taken to move the data between RAM and CPU
registers is large.

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