PR

ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES DOCUMENTER/S

• Responsible in curating and updating

the events in the timeline with photos/
LEADER
videos if needed and description
• Responsible for the overall progress of
DATA ANALYSTS
the project
• Delegate tasks and overall • Responsible in organizing, analyzing,
communication within the group and interpreting data by using statistics,
graphs, tables, related literature and
ASSISTANT LEADER
studies
• Assist the leader in planning and
GRAPHIC TEAM
organizing the group.
• Responsible for creating the poster, PPT,
COMMUNICATIONS
montage, illustration of the product,
• Voice of the group in presentations and visual display on the Research
• Prepare communication letters Congress
depending on the needs of the group

STUDY RESEARCHERS Quantitative Research

• Responsible in curating related The systematic, A means for testing
literature and studies empirical investigation objective theories
• Assure the project of its novelty and of observable by examining the
free of plagiarism phenomena via relationship among
• Interpret the results with related studies statistical, variables. It is
mathematical or analyzed using
WRITERS computational statistical
• Responsible in writing the draft, technique procedure.
paraphrasing literatures and studies
with citations Characteristics
• Write content for the PPT
1. Structured research Instruments
PROOFREADER/S 2. Larger sample sizes
3. Clearly defined research questions
• Check/s all the written content free of
4. It can be replicated
grammatical errors
5. All aspects are carefully designed
• Check/s the draft for plagiarism
6. Data are in the form of numbers and
TECHNICAL TEAM statistics
7. Researcher uses tools such as
• Preparation of the experiment, its questionnaires
design, and materials 8. Predict future results, or investigate
• Conducts the experiment causal relationships.
• Collects data for analysis
Strengths ✓ The researcher decides what
intervention is given to the subject
1. The result is reliable since the study
✓ The researcher determines who will be
uses a big sample of the population
receiving the treatment.
2. Applying well-established standards
✓ Manipulation of the independent
means that the research can be
variable
replicated
3. You can summarize vast sources of
information True Experimental
4. Personal bias can be avoided
✓ Causal Relationship
✓ Most Accurate
✓ Random Selection
Weaknesses
✓ Statistical Analysis o accept or reject
1. Having a larger study sample requires Hypothesis
researchers to spend more resources.
Posttest Only Control Group
2. Results are limited. It provides less
detail on behavior, attitudes, and o Subjects are randomly selected and
motivation. assigned to groups
3. The researcher may collect a much o Intervention is given to the
narrower and sometimes superficial experimental group
dataset. o Both groups are tested, and conclusions
4. It yields "laboratory results" as opposed are drawn
to "real-world results".

Quantitative Research
Technology integration effects on the academic
A systematic process of gathering, analyzing, performance of students.
and interpreting quantitative data for the
purpose of obtaining answers to a certain Control Group Experimental Group
questions / phenomenon No intervention Intervention
Testin Recognize Numerica Statistical Post-test Post test
g s the role l Data Treatmen
Theor of t
Pretest – Posttest Control Group
y variables
Technology integration effects on the academic
performance of students.
Experimental Non- Experimental
TRUE EXPERIMENTAL DESCRIPTIVE Control Group Experimental Group
QUASI- CORRELATIONAL Pretest Pretest
EXPERIMENTAL No intervention Intervention
PRE-EXPERIMENTAL SURVEY RESEARCH Post-test Post test

Experimental Solomon Four Group Design

✓ Intervention • Combination of first two designs
• Respondents are divided into 4 groups
 • Conducted to counter possible threats ✓ Describe the characteristics and
to internal validity components of the population or
phenomenon
Quasi- Experimental
✓ Relationship between two variable
✓ NO random Assignment ✓ According to Purpose Correlational
✓ Involve Pretest and Post-test Survey
✓ Causal Relationship ✓ According to Time Cross – Sectional
✓ Control Group is dependent on the Longitudinal
design

Assessing the Effectiveness of the New Method

Descriptive Research
of Teaching Mathematics to Elementary
Students Factors Affecting the Academic Performance
of the Grade 12 Students in BNHS SHS
Reading Intervention Program as aid to Students Attendance Working Student
with Low Reading Comprehension Family Peer
Financial Support Environment

Pre- Experimental
Correlational Research
✓ One group Only
✓ Simplest Form of Experiment ✓ Measure the degree of relationship
✓ Experimental ✓ Relationship between two variable
✓ Used to evaluate if the intervention is ✓ Positive Correlation
applicable ✓ Negative Correlation
✓ No Correlation
Dr. A wants to see how much students learn
from taking Research methods. He decides to Positive Correlation Family Income and
teach the class and then evaluate how students Daily Allowance
Negative Correlation Age of the car and
do only by giving final exam, after having taught
Price of the car
the course.
No Correlation Height of the Student
and Academic
Performance
Non-Experimental

✓ No intervention Survey Research

✓ The researcher observes phenomena as
they occur naturally ✓ The objective of the study is to see a
✓ Relationship between two or more general picture of the population under
variable investigation towards a certain
✓ Variables are not deliberately phenomenon.
manipulated, nor it is the setting ✓ Gather information from groups of
controlled. people by selecting and studying
samples chosen from a population
Descriptive Research ✓ Survey
✓ Tally
 ✓ Result in Numerical data ➢ The factors or conditions that are kept
unchanged the same in an experiment.
➢ Variable that held constant.
How many covid There are 120 covid
Patients are there in patients in BNHS last
BNHS last year? year Extraneous Variables
Percentage of stem 60% of the students
students in BNHS are under STEM ➢ Already existing in the experiment
strand ➢ Could influence the result
How many are in Majority (90%) of the ➢ Must be controlled
favor of death students are in favor
penalty of death penalty.
Predictor Variables
Kinds of Variable ➢ These variables changes the other
Importance variable/s in a non-experimental study

Criterion Variables
Education, Medical, Engineering

Variables ➢ These variables are usually influenced

by the predictor variables.
• Anything that can affect or change the
result of the study.
• Anything can be a variable!
• Age Lifestyle
• Gender Temperature
• IQ Level Medical Treatment

Independent Variable

➢ Presumed to cause changes in another

variable Research Problem
➢ Usually manipulated in an experiment “a situation for which we have no ready and
successful response by nature or by previous
acquired habit. We must find out what to do’,
Dependent Variable i.e., the solution can be found out only after an
➢ Variable that change because of other investigation.”
experiment - R.S. Woodworth
➢ Variables that are monitored in the
experiment
“A problem in research might be defined as the
issue that exists in the literature, theory, or
Control Variables practice that leads to a need for the study”

(Creswell, 1994, p. 50)

 - It is the topic, phenomenon, or • Company Account
challenge that you are interested to • Supply of Goods
investigate, or study, descriptively or
experimentally.
- General question you are trying to Considerations in Formulating Research
answer in your study. Problem
- It is the focus or reason for engaging in
your research. External
- It is an issue that narrows the topic ✓ Novelty
down to something reasonable for ✓ Administrative Support
conducting a study. ✓ Availability of Subject
✓ Facilities and Equipment
✓ Ethical Considerations
Research Gap
Internal
is an area of concern, a condition to be
improved, difficulty to be eliminated, or ✓ Experience, training and professional
qualifications
a troubling question that exists in scholarly ✓ Cost and Return
literature, in theory, or in practice that points to ✓ hazards, penalties, and handicaps
the need for meaningful understanding and ✓ Time Factor
deliberate investigation ✓ motivation, interest, intellectual
curiosity, and perceptiveness
✓ Ethical Consideration
Sources of Research Gap

Literature Gap
Research Title
- can be found from the critical appraisal
of the varying results of related studies Summarizes the main idea or ideas of the study
or discussions from reliable journals, and describes the contents and / or purpose of
research reports, existing theories. a research paper

Local Gap

- can be found in the local setting based Parameters in Formulating a Research Paper
on observations, and experiences that Title
could be an area of interest ✓ Purpose
Samples of Local Gap ✓ Type of Research
✓ Methods
• Stress and Anxiety Level ✓ Reader’s Attention
• Academic Performance ✓ Short but Concise
• Level of satisfaction
• Participation Rate
• Ineffective Machine Basic Components
• Inefficient Programming
▪ Research problem
 ▪ Participants
▪ Setting
▪ Time
*sorry for the typos and lack of infos*
*all are from the ppt from our PR2 Teacher*

~GOODLUCKIES!~