Instruction: Show your complete solution.

1. Which one of the following equations is a differential equation?

a. 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 6 c. 𝑥 + 𝑦 2 𝑦’’ = 9
b. 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑦 = 1 + 𝑒 𝑥 d. 2𝑥 + 𝑥 2 𝑦 = 5
ANSWER: C
2. Is the differential equation (𝑥 − 𝑦)𝑑𝑥 − (2𝑥 + 𝑦)𝑑𝑦 = 0, exact? Why?
a. Yes, because checking yields 𝑥.
b. Yes, because checking yields 2𝑥.
c. Yes, because checking yields −1.
d. No, because it yields different partial derivatives.
ANSWER: D

SOLUTION:
(𝑥 − 𝑦)𝑑𝑥 − (2𝑥 + 𝑦)𝑑𝑦 = 0
M N

DERIVE M IN TERMS OF Y AND N IN TERMS OF X

𝑀 = (𝑥 − 𝑦) 𝑁 = 2𝑥 + 𝑦
𝑀’ = (0) – 1 𝑁’ = 2 + (0)
𝑀’ = −1 𝑁’ = 2

3. Which of the following equation is a variable separable DE?

a. (1 + 𝑦)𝑑𝑦 = (2𝑥 + 𝑥𝑦 2 )𝑑𝑥
b. 2𝑦𝑑𝑥 = (𝑥 2 + 𝑦)𝑑𝑦
c. (𝑥 + 𝑥 2 𝑦)𝑑𝑥 − 2𝑦𝑑𝑦 = 0
d. 𝑦 2 𝑑𝑥 + (2𝑥 2 − 3𝑥𝑦)𝑑𝑦 = 0
ANSWER: A

SOLUTION:
(1 + 𝑦)𝑑𝑦 = (2𝑥 + 𝑥𝑦 2 )𝑑𝑥
(1 + 𝑦)𝑑𝑦 = 𝑥(2 + 𝑦 2 )𝑑𝑥
(1 + 𝑦)
𝑑𝑦 = 𝑥𝑑𝑥
(2 + 𝑦 2 )

4. Which of the following equations is a homogeneous DE?

a. (𝑦 + 𝑥 4 )𝑑𝑦 = 𝑦 4 𝑑𝑥
b. 2𝑦𝑑𝑥 = (𝑥 4 + 1)𝑑𝑦
c. (𝑥 + 𝑥𝑦)𝑑𝑥 − 5𝑦𝑑𝑦 = 0
d. 𝑦 4 𝑑𝑥 + (𝑦 4 − 3𝑥 4 )𝑑𝑦 = 0
ANSWER: D
𝑑4 𝑦 𝑑2 𝑦
5. The order and degree of the DE (𝑑𝑥4 )3 + (𝑑𝑥2 )5 = 0 is
a. 2,5 c. 3,4
b. 3,5 d. 4,3
ANSWER: D
6. The differential equation is homogeneous if
a. 𝑀(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑁(𝑥, 𝑦)
𝜕𝑀 𝜕𝑁
b. ≠
𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑥
𝜕𝑀 𝜕𝑁
c. =
𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑥
d. If both 𝑀(𝑥, 𝑦) and 𝑁(𝑥, 𝑦) have the same degree.
ANSWER: D

7. In the differential field 𝑑𝑤/𝑑𝑡, what is the independent variable?

 a. t b. d c. w d. x

ANSWER: A

8. Eliminate the arbitrary constants of 𝑦 = 𝐶1 𝑒 −2𝑥 − 𝐶2 𝑒 3𝑥

a. 𝑦 ′′ − 𝑦′ + 6𝑦 = 0
b. 𝑦 ′′ − 6𝑦′ + 5𝑦 = 0
c. 𝑦 ′′ − 𝑦′ − 6𝑦 = 0
d. 𝑦 ′′ − 4𝑦′ − 10𝑦 = 0
ANSWER: A
9. Find the differential equations of all straight lines with slope equals to x-intercept.
a. 𝑦 = 𝑦’(𝑥 + 1)
b. 𝑦 = (𝑥 − 1)𝑦’ + 1
c. 𝑦 = (𝑥 − 3)𝑦’ + 2
d. (𝑦 ′ )2 − 𝑥𝑦 ′ + 𝑦 = 0
ANSWER: D
10. Find the general solution of the DE (𝑥 + 1)𝑑𝑦 = 𝑦𝑑𝑥 (error)
a. 𝑦𝑙𝑛(𝑥 + 1) = 𝑐𝑦 − 1
b. 𝑙𝑛𝑦 = 𝑒 𝑥 + 2
c. 𝑦 = 𝑐(𝑥 + 1)
d. 𝑙𝑛𝑦 = 𝑐𝑥 + 1

ANSWER: A

SOLUTION:

(𝑥 + 1)𝑑𝑦 = 𝑦𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥
= (𝑥+1)
𝑦
ln( 𝑦) = ln (𝑥 + 1) + 𝐶

𝑒( ln ( 𝑦) − ln (𝑥 + 1) = 𝐶)𝑒

𝑒( ln ( 𝑦) − ln (𝑥 + 1) = 𝐶)𝑒
𝑦
=𝐶
𝑥+1
𝑦 = 𝐶(𝑥 + 1)

1
11. Find the general solution of the different equation (𝑥𝑦 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥)𝑑𝑥 + 2 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑦 = 0
a. 𝑥 2 𝑦 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑦 = 𝐶
b. 𝑥 2 𝑦 + 2𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 = 𝐶
c. 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑦 − 𝑥 2 𝑦𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 = 𝐶
d. 𝑥 2 𝑦 + 2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 = 𝐶
ANSWER: D

SOLUTION:
Proving: (Check for exact DE since this is already can be told as not separable and not homogeneous)
𝑀 = (𝑥𝑦 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥) (derive with respect to y)
= (𝑥)(1) − (0)
= 𝑥 (exact)

1
𝑁= 𝑥2 (derive with respect to x)
2
2
= 𝑥1
2
= 𝑥 (exact)
 • Solving:

∫ 𝑀 = ∫(𝑥𝑦 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥)𝑑𝑥 (integrate M with respect to x)

𝑥2
= ( ) (𝑦) + (𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥)
2
𝑥2
𝑀 = 𝑦 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 + 𝑔(𝑦)
2

1
∫ 𝑁 = ∫ 2 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑦 (integrate N with respect to y)
1
= 𝑥 2 𝑦 + ℎ(𝑥)
2
𝑥2
𝑁 = 𝑦 + ℎ(𝑥)
2
• Equate to one equation because 𝑴 = 𝑵:
𝑥2 𝑥2
𝑦 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 + 𝑔(𝑦) = 𝑦 + ℎ(𝑥)
2 2

So:

ℎ(𝑥) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥

𝑔(𝑦) = 0

• Substitute:
𝑥2
𝑀 = 𝑦 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 Same solution means you already solved the problem using
2

𝑥2
𝑁 = 𝑦 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 EXACT DE SOLUTION
2

𝑥2
𝐶= 𝑦 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
2
𝑥 2 𝑦 + 2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 = 𝐶

12. Find the general solution of the DE (𝑥 + 𝑦 2 )𝑑𝑥 + (2𝑥𝑦 − 𝑦)𝑑𝑦 = 0

a. 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥𝑦 − 𝑦 2 = 𝐶
b. 𝑥𝑦 2 = −𝐶𝑙𝑛(𝑥𝑦)
c. 𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 + 2𝑥𝑦 2 = 𝐶
d. 𝑥 2 + 3(𝑥 2 + 2𝑦 2 ) = 𝐶
ANSWER: C

SOLUTION:
Proving: (Check for exact DE since this is already can be identified as not separable and not
homogeneous)
𝑀 = (𝑥 + 𝑦 2 ) (derive with respect to y)
= (0) + 2𝑦
= 2𝑦 (exact)

𝑁 = 2𝑥𝑦 − 𝑦) (derive with respect to x)

= 2𝑦(1) − (0)
= 2𝑦 (exact)
 • Solving:

∫ 𝑀 = ∫(𝑥 + 𝑦 2 )𝑑𝑥 (integrate M with respect to x)

𝑥2
= ( ) + 𝑦2𝑥
2
𝑥2
𝑀 = ( 2 ) + 𝑦 2 𝑥 + 𝑔(𝑦)

∫ 𝑁 = ∫ (2𝑥𝑦 − 𝑦)𝑑𝑦 (integrate N with respect to y)

𝑦2 𝑦2
= 2𝑥 ( ) − ( )
2 2

𝑦2 𝑦2
= 2𝑥 ( )− + ℎ(𝑥)
2 2

𝑦2
𝑁 = 𝑥𝑦 2 − + ℎ(𝑥)
2

• Equate to one equation because 𝑴 = 𝑵:

𝑥2 𝑦2
( ) + 𝑦 2 𝑥 + 𝑔(𝑦) = = 𝑥𝑦 2 − + ℎ(𝑥))
2 2

So:

𝑥2
ℎ(𝑥) =
2
𝑦2
𝑔(𝑦) = −
2
• Substitute:
𝑥2 𝑦2
𝑀 = + 𝑦2𝑥 − Same solution means you already solved the problem using
2 2

𝑦2 𝑥2
𝑁 = 𝑥𝑦 2 − + EXACT DE SOLUTION
2 2

𝑦2 𝑥2
0 = 𝑥𝑦 2 − +
2 2

𝑑𝑦
13. Find the particular solution of the DE 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑦𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 when 𝑥 = 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 = 𝑒
a. 𝑙𝑛𝑦 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 + 1
b. 𝑙𝑛𝑦 = 𝑒 𝑥 + 2
c. 𝑙𝑛𝑦 = −𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
d. 𝑙𝑛𝑦 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒 −𝑥 + 2
ANSWER: A

SOLUTION:
𝑑𝑦
= 𝑦𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
∫ 𝑌 = ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥𝑑𝑥
𝑙𝑛𝑦 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 + 𝐶

When 𝑥 = 0, 𝑦 = 𝑒
 𝑙𝑛 (𝑒) = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 (0) + 𝐶
(1) = (0) + 𝐶

𝐶 = 1

Final answer:

𝒍𝒏𝒚 = 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙 + 𝟏

𝑑3 𝑦 𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦11
14. What is highest order of the DE (𝑑𝑥3 )4 + (𝑑𝑥2 )5 − 𝑑𝑥 = 0 is
a.
11 c. 5
b.
4 d. 3
ANSWER: D
15. Verify if the DE 𝑦’ = 𝑦 2 𝑥𝑒 3𝑥+4𝑦 has separable variables or not.
a. Yes, and the separation is 𝑦 −2 𝑒 −4𝑦 𝑑𝑦 = 𝑒 3𝑥 𝑑𝑥
b. Yes, and the separation is 𝑦 2 𝑒 4𝑦 𝑑𝑦 = 𝑒 3𝑥 𝑑𝑥
c. Yes, and the separation is 𝑦 −2 𝑥𝑑𝑦 = 𝑒 3𝑥+4𝑦 𝑑𝑥
d. Yes, and the separation is 𝑦 −2 𝑑𝑦 = 𝑒 3𝑥+4𝑦 𝑑𝑥
ANSWER: A
2𝑥
16. Verify is the DE 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = 4𝑥𝑦 + ( 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 )𝑒 5𝑦 is a homogeneous and to what degree.
a. Yes, the DE is homogeneous to the 2nd degree
b. No, the DE is not a homogeneous because the power of r is not uniform
c. Yes, the DE is homogeneous to the 3rd degree
d. Yes, the DE is homogeneous to the 1st degree
ANSWER: A

Characterize/ the following DE

Order Degree Type (ODE/PDE)

17. 𝑦’ = 8𝑦 4 + 𝑥 2 + 6 1 1 ODE
𝑑4 𝑥
18. 𝑚 ( 𝑑𝑡 4 ) + 𝐶𝑦 = 0 4 1 ODE
𝑑𝑦
19. = 2𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 1 1 ODE
𝑑𝑥
𝑑2 𝑓 𝑑𝑓
20. 𝑑𝑡 2
+ 2 𝑑𝑡 − 3𝑓 = 2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡 − 4𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡 2 1 ODE