PSBB Schools

Class 9 Mathematics Exam Paper

Worksheet
Properties of Parallelogram

Name : ............................ Date : ..........................

Class : ...............................

1) Prove that a diagonal of a parallelogram divides it into two congruent triangles.

2) In the figure, PQRS is a trapezium in which PQ || SR and PS = QR.

Show that P  Q.

P Q

S R

3) In the given figure, ACB is a right angle and AC = CD and CDEF is a

parallelogram. If FEC  10, then calculate BDE.

D E

A C F

4) In the figure, diagonals AC and BD of quadrilateral ABCD intersect at O,

such that OB = OD. If AB = CD, show that

(i) ar(DOC) = ar(AOB)

(ii) ar(DCB) = ar(ACB)

 D A

C B

5) In the rectangle ABCD, BAC  4 x and BCA  5 x. Find measures of ACD
and CAD.

6) Two adjacent angles of a parallelogram are 2x + 30° and 3x – 30°.

Find the value of x.

7) In the figure, diagonals AC and BD of quadrilateral ABCD intersect at O such that

OB = OD. If AB = CD, then show that ar ( DOC )  ar ( AOB).

D A

C B

8) Prove that diagonal of a parallelogram divides it into two congruent triangles.

9) PQRS is a rhombus with PQR  58. Determine PRS.

10) ABCD is a parallelogram in which ADC = 75° and side AB is produced to

point E as shown in the figure. Find x and y.

D C
75° x

y
A B E

11) Prove that the sum of the squares of the sides of the rhombus is equal to
sum of the squares of its diagonals.

12) ABCD is a quadrilateral and BD is one of its diagonals as

shown in the adjoining figure, where AB = CD = 2.5 cm and BD = 4 cm.
Show that the quadrilateral ABCD is a parallelogram and find its area.
 2.5 cm

4 cm

2.5 cm

13) Show that the diagonals of a square are equal and bisect
each other at right angles.

14) Diagonals AC and BD of a quadrilateral ABCD intersect at O in

such a way that ar(∆AOD) = ar(∆BOC). Prove that ABCD is a trapezium.

15) In the given figure, P is a point in the interior of the parallelogram ABCD.

A B

D C

Show that

1
i) ar (APB)  ar (PCD)  ar (ABCD)
2
ii) ar (APD)  ar (PBC)  ar (APB)  ar (PCD)

16) Diagonal AC of a parallelogram ABCD bisects A.

Show that

i) it bisects C also
ii) ABCD is a rhombus

17) Two adjacent angles of a parallelogram are in the ratio 5 : 4.

Find all the angles of the parallelogram.

18) ABCD is a parallelogram. BAO  30, DAO  45 and COD  110.
The diagonals intersect at O. Find,

i) ABO
ii) ODC
 iii) ACB
iv) CBD

D C

110°

45°
30°
A B

19) ABCD is a parallelogram. The bisectors of A and B intersect at P.

Prove that APB  90.

20) If ABCD is a rhombus and if A  76, find CDB.

D C

76°
A B

21) In the parallelogram ABCD, if A  65, find B, C and D.

22) In a parallelogram ABCD, the bisectors of A and B intersect at ‘O’.

Evaluate AOB.

23) ABCD is a parallelogram. AB is produced to E so that BE = AB.

Prove that ED bisects BC.

24) In a parallelogram ABCD, diagonals AC and BD intersect at O and AC = 12.8 cm

and BD = 7.6 cm . Find the measures of OC and OD.

25) Show that each angle of a rectangle is a right angle.

26) ABC is an isosceles triangle in which AB = AC. AD bisects exterior angle

PAC and CD || AB. Show that ABCD is a parallelogram.
 P

A D

B C

27) If ABCD is a quadrilateral in which AB || CD and AD = BC.

Prove that A  B.

28) Prove that the angle bisectors of a parallelogram form a rectangle.

29) In a parallelogram ABCD, diagonals AC and BD intersect at O and

AC = 12.8 cm and BD = 7.6 cm. Find the measures of OC and OD.

30) Prove that in a parallelogram, the bisectors of any two consecutive angles
intersects at a right angle.

31) Parallelogram ABCD and rectangle ABEF are on the same base AB
and have equal areas. Comment on the following statement
“The perimeter of the parallelogram is greater than that of the rectangle,
when they are on the same base and have equal areas.”

32) ABCD and AEFD are two parallelograms. Prove that ar (PEA) = ar (QFD).

B P A

C Q D

33) Prove that in a parallelogram, the bisectors of any two consecutive

angles intersects at a right angle.

34) Justify the statement-"the line segment joining the mid points of a pair of
opposite sides of a parallelogram divides it into two equal parallelograms"

35) If APB and CQD are two parallel lines, then the bisectors of the angles APQ, BPQ,
 CQP and PQD form

Choose the correct option:

a) a square
b) a rhombus
c) a rectangle
d) a parallelogram

36)

In a parallelogram ABCD, E and F are the mid-points of sides

AB and CD respectively. Show that the line segments AF and EC
trisect the diagonal BD.

37)

Diagonal AC of the parallelogram ABCD bisects ∠ A. Show that it

bisects ∠ C also.

38)

ABCD is a quadrilateral in which P, Q, R and S are mid points of the

sides AB, BC, CD and DA. AC is a diagonal.Show that PQRS is a
parallelogram.

39) In figure, ABCD is a parallelogram. E and F are mid-points of the sides

AB and CD respectively. AF and DE intersects at P; BF and CE intersects at Q.
 Prove that

i) AECF is a parallelogram.
ii) BEDF is a parallelogram.
iii) PEQF is a parallelogram.

40) In the given figure ABCD is a parallelogram. AB is extended to E.

If  CBE = (3x + 2)° and  D = (2x + 3)° then measure of  C is _____.

D C
(2x + 3)°

(3x + 2)°
A B E

a) 107°
b) 73°
c) 35°
d) None of these

41) In the given figure, if ABCD is a parallelogram such that  DAB = 72°,
AP bisects  DAB and BP bisects  ABC, then  ABC = _____.

D C

A B

a) 36°
 b) 54°
c) 72°
d) 108°

42) If A(–2, –1), B(a, 0), C(4, b) and D(1, 2) are the vertices of a parallelogram, find
the value of a and b.

43) A diagonal of a rectangle is inclined to one side of the rectangle at 25°. The acute
angle between the diagonals is

Choose the correct option:

a) 55°
b) 50°
c) 40°
d) 25°

44) A diagonal of a parallelogram divides it into

Choose the correct option:

a) two equal areas
b) two unequal areas
c) proportional areas
d) none

45)

MNOP is a parallelogram and MNRP is a trapezium where PM = RN.

Show that MPR = PRN.

46) The perimeter of a parallelogram is 20 cm. The longer side measures 7.5 cm.
The measure of the shorter side is

Choose the correct option:

a) 12.5 cm
b) 13.5 cm
c) 2.5 cm
d) 3.5 cm

47) ABCD is a parallelogram. A = 60°, the bisectors of A and B meet at P.

The measure of APB is
 Choose the correct option:
a) 30°
b) 60°
c) 90°
d) 120°

48) The diagonals divide the quadrilateral into two pairs of congruent triangles,
then the quadrilateral may be _____.

Choose the correct answer:

(a) square
(b) rectangle
(c) parallelogram
(d) all the three

49) In a parallelogram ABCD, if A  80 , find the other angles.

50) Show that the diagonals of a rhombus are perpendicular to each other.

51) In the given figure, ABCD is a parallelogram. If AB = 2AD and

P is the mid-point of AB, then find CPD.

52) In the given figure, ABCD is a rhombus in which BCD  100,

then (x + y) equals

Choose the correct option:

 a) 40°
b) 60°
c) 80°
d) 70°

53) ABCD is parallelogram. The angle bisectors of A and D intersect at O.

Find the measures of AOD.

54) A diagonal of a rectangle is inclined to one side of rectangle at 25°.

The acute angle between the diagonals is

Choose the correct option:

a) 70°
b) 25°
c) 40°
d) 50°

55) If the perimeter of a rhombus is 80 cm and one of its diagonals is 24 cm, then the
length of the other diagonal is

Choose the correct option:

a) 16 cm
b) 20 cm
c) 32 cm
d) 48 cm

56) A quadrilateral is a parallelogram if

Choose the correct option:

a) a pair of opposite sides are equal
b) a pair of opposite sides are parallel
c) both ‘a’ and ‘b’
d) none of these

57) Show that the diagonals of a rectangle are equal and they bisect each other.

58) ABCD is a rhombus with ABC = 40°. Determine ACD.

59) Fill in the blank.

 A and  B of parallelogram ABCD are in the ratio 1 : 3. Then  B is
________.

60) Two adjacent sides of a parallelogram measure 11 cm and 8.5 cm. Find its
perimeter.

61) Find  D, if ABCD is a parallelogram.

62) Fill in the blank.
A quadrilateral is a parallelogram if the opposite sides are _________ and
______.

63) In a parallelogram ABCD, two points P and Q are taken on diagonal BD

such that DP = BQ. Show that APCQ is a parallelogram.

64) If in a parallelogram ABCD,  A = 100°, find the measure of  B and  C.

65) In the given figure, ABCD and AEFG are parallelograms.

If C = 60°, find  GFE and  AGF .

66) Show that the line segment joining the mid points of the opposite sides
of a quadrilateral bisect each other.

67) Find x and y, in the figure ABCD.

What property do you use to find them?

68) The measure of two adjacent angles of a parallelogram are in the ratio 3 : 2.
Find the measures of each of the angles of the parallelogram.

69) Name the quadrilaterals whose diagonals bisect each other.

70) In quadrilateral ABCD, AB = AC  EAD=.  CAD and CD || AB.

 Show that ABCD is a parallelogram.

4y
71) In the given picture, ABCD is a parallelogram. If x= , find BAD
3

72) Find the four angles A, B, C and D of the parallelogram ABCD in the given
picture.

73) ABCD is a parallelogram. AP and CQ are drawn perpendicular to BD.

Show that AP = CQ.

74) In a parallelogram ABCD, two points P and Q are taken on its diagonal
 BD such that DP = BQ. Prove that APCQ is a parallelogram.

75) In a parallelogram ABCD, E and F are the mid-points of sides AB and CD

respectively. Prove that the line segments AF and CE trisect the
diagonal BD.

76) The diagonal BD of a quadrilateral ABCD bisects B and D

AB DA
Prove that 
BC CD

77) In the figure, ABCD is a trapezium in which AB || CD. P, Q are the mid
points of AD and BC respectively. DQ and AB when produced meet at E.
Prove that:
(i) DQ = QE
(ii) PR || AB
(iii) AR = RC

1
78) ABCD is a parellelogram. P is a point on AD such that AP= AD and Q
3
1
is a point on BC such that CQ= BC Prove that AQCP is a parellelogram.
3

79) If two parallel lines are intersected by a transversal, prove that the
bisectors of the two pairs of interior angles enclose a rectangle.
 Answers

1)

D C

A B

ABCD is a parallelogram and AC is a diagonal.

BCA  DAC (alternate interior angles)

BAC  DCA (alternate interior angles)

AC = CA (common side)

ABC  CDA (by AAS rule)

Hence the diagonal of a parallelogram divides it into two congruent triangles.

2)

P Q T

S R

Extend PQ to T . Draw a line through R parallel to PS intersecting PT at T.

Now PTRS is a parallelogram.

PS = RT (Opposite sides of || gm)

PS = QR (given)

 QR = RT
 RTQ  RQT (Angles opposite to equal sides are equal.)

P  RTQ  180 (interior angles on same side of transversal)

 P  RQT  180 ------(1)
Q  RQT  180 ------(2) (Linear pair)
 From (1) and (2), P  Q

3) 50°

4)

D A
Q

O
P
C B

Construction:
Draw DP  AC and BQ  AC

(i) In DOP and BOQ,

DPO  BQO (By construction)
DOP  BOQ (Vertically opposite angles)
OD = OB (Given)
By AAS congruence rule, DOP  BOQ
 ar (DOP)  ar ( BOQ) and DP  BQ - - - - - (1)

In CPD and AQB,

CPD  AQB  90
CD = AB (Given)
DP = BQ [From (1)]
By RHS congruence rule, CPD  AQB
 ar (CPD)  ar (AQB) - - - - - (2)

Adding (1) and (2), we get

ar ( DOP)  ar (CPD)  ar (BOQ)  ar (AQB)
 ar (DOC )  ar (AOB)

(ii) ar ( DOC )  ar (AOB) -----[From (i)]

 ar (DOC )  ar (BOC )  ar (AOB)  ar (BOC )
 ar (DCB)  ar (ACB )

5) ACD  40 and CAD  50

6) x = 36°

7)
 D A
Q

O
P
C B

Construction:
Draw DP  AC and BQ  AC

In DOP and BOQ,

DPO  BQO (By construction)
DOP  BOQ (Vertically opposite angles)
OD = OB (Given)
By AAS congruence rule, DOP  BOQ
 ar (DOP)  ar ( BOQ) and DP  BQ - - - - - (1)

In CPD and AQB,

CPD  AQB  90
CD = AB (Given)
DP = BQ [From (1)]
By RHS congruence rule, CPD  AQB
 ar (CPD)  ar (AQB) - - - - - (2)

Adding (1) and (2), we get

ar ( DOP)  ar (CPD)  ar (BOQ)  ar (AQB)
 ar (DOC )  ar (AOB)

8)

D C

A B

Given:
ABCD is a parallelogram with diagonal AC.

In ABC and CDA,

BAC  DCA (Alternate interior angles, since AB || CD)
 CA = AC (Common side)
BCA  DAC (Alternate interior angles, since BC || AD)
By ASA congruence rule, ABC  CDA

9) PRS  61

10) x = 105° and y = 75°

11)

B C

A D

Let AE = EC = x, BE = ED = y and AB = z

The diagonals of a rhombus are perpendicular, hence x2 + y2 = z2.

The sum of the squares of the diagonal = (2x)2 + (2y)2

 4x2 + 4y2 = 4(x2 + y2) = 4z2

12) Alternate angles ABD  BDC  90  AB || CD

As AB = AC = 2.5 and AB || CD, ABCD is a parallelogram.
Area of parallelogram ABCD = 10 cm2

13)

S R

P Q

Let PQRS be a square with diagonals PR and QS intersecting each other at O.

In ∆PSQ and ∆QRP,

PS = QR (Sides of a square are equal)
QPS  PQR  90
PQ = PQ (Common side)
  PSQ  QRP By SAS congruence
 PR  QS (By CPCT)
Therefore the diagonals of PQRS are equal.

Now, in ∆POQ and ∆POS,

OQ = OS (Diagonals of a parallelogram bisect each other)
PQ = PS (Sides of a square are equal)
PO = PO
 POQ  POS By SSS congruence
 POQ  POS (By CPCT)

But, POQ  POS  180 Linear pair 

 POQ  POS  90
 PO  QS (or) PR  QS
Therefore the diagonals of PQRS are perpendicular to each other.

14)

D C

A E F B

Construction: Draw DE  AB and CF  AB.

ar(∆AOD) = ar(∆BOC) (Given)

 ar AOD  ar AOB  ar BOC  ar AOB
 ar ABD  ar ABC
 DC || AB
(Since, triangles with the same base and equal areas lie between the same parallel
lines)
Therefore ABCD is a trapezium.

15)

A G B

E F
P

D H C
 Construction: Through P draw EF || AB and GH || AD.

i) ∆APB and parallelogram ABFE are on the same base and

between same parallels AB and EF.
1
Therefore, ar APB  ar ABFE - - - - - (1)
2
1
Similarly, ar PCD   ar DCFE  - - - - - (2)
2
1
Therefore, ar APB  ar PCD   ar ABCD - - - - - (3) Using (1) and (2) 
2

ii) Similarly we can prove that

1
ar APD  ar PBC   ar ABCD - - - - - (4)
2
Using (3) and (4), ar APB  ar PCD   ar APD  ar PBC

16)

D C
3
4

2
1
A B

i) 1  3 Alternate angles, AB || CD  - - - - - (1)

2  4 Alternate angles, AD || BC - - - - - (2)
 3  4  1  2 as AC bisects A  - - - - - (3)
Hence, AC bisects C also.

ii) From (1) and (3), 1  4  BC  AB

Therefore, AB = BC = CD = DA  AB  CD and BC  DA 
Hence, ABCD is a rhombus.

17) 100°, 80°, 100° and 80°

18) i) ABO  40

ii) ODC  40
iii) ACB  45
iv) CBD  65

19)
 D C
P

A B

In the parallelogram ABCD, adjacent angles are supplementary.

 DAB  ABC  180
1 1 1
 DAB  ABC   180  90
2 2 2
 PAB  PBA  90
In APB, PAB  PBA  APB  180
 90  APB  180
 APB  90

20) 52°

21) B  115, C  65, D  115

22) AOB  90

23)

Let DE cuts BC at F.

In  CDF and  BEF,

CD = BE (Since BE = AB)
EFB  CFD (Vertically opposite angles)
FEB  FDC (Alternate interior angles, CD || AE)
So,  CDF   BEF. (ASA congruence)
 BF = CF (Corresponding parts of congruent triangles)

24) OC  6.4 cm and OD  3.8 cm

25)
 D C

A B

Let ABCD be the rectangle with A  90.

ABCD is a parallelogram  AD || BC
ABC  DAB  180 AB is the transversal and angles in the same side are supplementary 
 ABC  90  DAB  90
Similarly, we can prove BCD  CDA  90
Therefore each angle of a rectangle is a right angle.

26) In ∆ABC,
PAC  ABC  ACB Exterior angle property
2DAC  2ACB AD bisects PAC. Angles opposite to equal sides 
DAC  ACB and AC is a transversal.
 AD || BC and CD || ABGiven 
Therefore ABCD is a parallelogram.

27)

In the figure, AB is parallel to CD and AD = BC.

Construction: Draw DE parallel to CB.
BEDC is parallelogram. (Since BE is parallel to CD and DE is parallel to CB.)
 BC = DE and AD = DE (Since AD = BC)
 DAE = DEA ------- (1)
DE is parallel to BC and cut by the transversal AB.
 DEA = CBE ------- (2)

(1) and (2)  DAB = CBA or A = B

28)

In the figure, ABCD is a parallelogram with angle bisectors AP, BQ, CR and DS.
Angle bisectors intersect at the point X, Y, Z and W.
To prove: XYZW is a rectangle.
A + B = 180 (Adjacent angles of a parallelogram are supplementary)
1 1
A  B  90
2 2
So, BAP  ABQ = 90
In triangle ABX, BAX  ABX = 90.
 AXB = 90 (By angle sum property of a triangle)
Similarly other angle of XYZW also can be showed to be equal to 90.
Hence, XYZW is a rectangle.

29) OC = 6.4 cm
OD = 3.8 cm

30)

In the figure, ABCD is a parallelogram with angle bisectors AP and BQ intersect at X.

A + B = 180 (Adjacent angles of a parallelogram are supplementary)
1 1
A  B  90
2 2
So, BAP  ABQ = 90
In triangle ABX, BAX  ABX = 90.
 AXB = 90 (By angle sum property of a triangle).

31) True.
 F D E C

A B

In the figure, ABCD is a parallelogram and ABEF is a rectangle.

Consider triangle AFD.
As F is a vertex of the rectangle ABEF, AFD is a right angled triangle
with  F = 90.
 AD > AF. ----- (1)
(Since hypotenuse is longer than any side of a right angled triangle)
And BC > BE (Since BC = AD and BE = AF). ------- (2)
Perimeter of ABCD = AB + BC + CD + DA ------- (3)
Perimeter of ABEF = AB + BE + EF + AF
On applying (1) and (2) in (3),
AB + BC + CD + DA > AB + BE + CD + AF
Considering side properties of the parallelogram and the rectangle,
CD = AB = EF.
AB + BC + CD + DA > AB + BE + EF + AF
So, perimeter of ABCD > perimeter of ABEF.

32)

AEFD is a parallelogram  AD || EF and EF = AD

AD || EF  AD || EQ and AD || PQ

ABCD is a parallelogram  AB || DC and AP || DQ

 APQD is a parallelogram.
 AD = PQ

From the diagram,

PE = EQ – PQ = EQ – AD

QF = EQ – EF = EQ – AD

Therefore PE = QF

Hence ar(PEA) = ar (QFD) ΔPEA and ΔQFD have equal bases PE

and QF and are between two parallel lines
AD and EQ.

33) Let ABCD be a parallelogram and AP and BP be the bisectors of angles

A and B respectively.
 D C
P

A B

In the parallelogram ABCD, DAB + ABC = 180°

1 1
 DAB  ABC  90
2 2

 PAB + PBA = 90° AP and BP are angle bisectors of A and B

respectively
In the triangle APB,

APB = 180 – (PAB + PBA) = 90°

Therefore, in a parallelogram, the bisectors of any two consecutive

angles intersects at a right angle.

34) Let ABCD be a parallelogram and P and Q be the mid-points of AB and CD

respectively

D Q C

A P B

In the parallelogram ABCD,

AB = DC and AB || DC

1 1
 AB  DC and AP || DQ
2 2

 AP = DQ and AP || DQ

APQD is a parallelogram.

Similarly PBCQ is a parallelogram.

Now the parallelograms APQD and PBCQ are on the equal bases DQ = QC and
between two parallels AB and DC.
 Therefore APQD and PBCD are equal in area and so they are equal
parallelograms.

35) d) a parallelogram

36) ABCD is a parallelogram.

∴ AB || CD
And hence, AE || FC
Again, AB = CD (Opposite sides of parallelogram ABCD)
1 1
AB = CD
2 2
So, AE = FC (E and F are mid-points of side AB and CD respectively.)
In quadrilateral AECF, one pair of opposite sides (AE and CF) is parallel
and equal to each other.
Therefore, AECF is a parallelogram.
⇒ AF || EC (Opposite sides of a parallelogram)
In Δ DQC, F is the mid-point of side DC and FP || CQ (as AF || EC).
Therefore, from the theorem
"The line drawn through the mid-point of one side of a triangle, parallel
to another side bisects the third side",
P is the mid-point of DQ.⇒ DP = PQ ... (1)
Similarly, in Δ APB, E is the mid-point of side AB and
EQ || AP (as AF || EC).
Therefore, from the theorem
"The line drawn through the mid-point of one side of a triangle, parallel
to another side bisects the third side",
Q is the mid-point of PB.⇒ PQ = QB ... (2)
From equations (1) and (2),
DP = PQ = BQ
Hence the line segments AF and EC trisect the diagonal BD.

37) In ∆ DAC and ∆ BAC,

∠ DAC = ∠ BCA ( Alternate angles)
∠ DAC = ∠ BAC ( Given )
∴ ∠ BCA = ∠ BAC
Again, ∠ ACD = ∠ BAC ( Alternate angles)
∴ ∠ ACD = ∠ BCA
Hence, diagonal AC of the parallelogram ABCD bisects ∠ C also.

38) In Δ ABC, P and Q are the mid-points of sides AB and BC respectively.

From the theorem
"The line segment joining the mid-points of any two sides of the triangle
is parallel to the third side and is half of it"
we get

Similarly in Δ CDA, R and S are the mid-points of the sides CD and DA

respectively.
 From equations (1) and (2),
we get PQ || RS and PQ = RS
Similarly, QR || SP and QR = SP
∴ From the theorem
"A quadrilateral is a parallelogram, if a pair of opposite sides is equal and
parallel",
PQRS is a parallelogram.

39) (i) Consider quadrilateral AECF.

AE is parallel to FC (Since AB is parallel to CD) ----- (1)
1
AE  AB (Given)
2
1
FC  CD (Given)
2
So, AE = FC -----(2)
From (1) and (2), AECF is a parallelogram.

(ii) Consider quadrilateral BEDF.

DF is parallel to EB and DF = EB
So, DEBF is a parallelogram.

(iii) In quadrilateral EPFQ.

PE is parallel to FQ (SP is a part of DP and QR is a part of QB)
Similarly, PF || EQ
So, EPFQ is a parallelogram.

40) a) 107°

41) d) 108°

42) a = 1 and b = 3

43) b) 50˚

44) a) two equal areas

45) Given MNOP is a parallelogram.

PM = ON (Opposite sides of a parallelogram are equal)
PM = RN (Given)
Therefore, ON = RN.

Consider isosceles triangle RNO.

NOR  ORN --- (i) (Angles opposite to equal sides
of an isosceles triangle are equal.)

PRN  ORN  180 o (Linear pair)

PRN  NOR  180 --- (ii)
o
From (i)
 MPR  NOR  180 o --- (iii) (Sum of the adjacent angles
of a parallelogram is supplementary)
From (ii) and (iii), MPR = PRN

46) c) 2.5 cm

47) c) 90°

48) (d) all the three

49) B  100 , C  80 , D  100

50)

In ABO and ADO,

OA = OA (Common)
OB = OD (Diagonals of a parallelogram bisect each other)
AB = AD (In a rhombus all sides are equal in length.)
Therefore, ABO  ADO (SSS congruence rule)
This gives, ∠AOB = ∠AOD (CPCT)

Also, ∠AOB + ∠AOD = 180° (Linear pair)

So, 2∠AOB = 180°
or, ∠AOB = 90°
So, the diagonals of a rhombus are perpendicular to each other.

51) AP = PB (Given, P is the mid-point of AB.)

AB = 2AD (Given)
So, 2AP = 2AD
 AP  AD
 ADP  APD      (i) (Angles opposite to equal sides of a triangle are
equal.)

Similarly, 2BP = 2AD (Given P is the mid-point of AB and AP = AD.)

So, 2BP = 2BC (Opposite sides of a parallelogram are equal.)
 BP  BC.
 BCP  BPC      (ii) (Angles opposite to equal sides of a triangle are
equal.)
 ADC  BCD  180 (Sum of adjacent angles of a parallelogram is 180°)
ADP  PDC  DCP  BCP  180
ADP  BCP  180  PDC  DCP      (iii)

APD  BPD  180 ( Linear pair )

APD   CPD  BPC   180
ADP  CPD  BCP  180, from (i) and (ii)
180  PDC  DCP  CPD  180, from (iii)
 CPD  PDC  DCP      (iv)

In DPC,
CPD  PDC  DCP  180 (Angle sum property of a triangle.)
2CPD  180, from (iv)
 CPD  90

52) c) 80o

53) ∠BAD + ∠CDA = 180° (Interior angles on the same side of the transversal)
1 1
BAD  CDA  90
2 2
 DAO  ADO  90 (Given, the angle bi sec tors of A and D meet at O.)

Consider ADO,
DAO  AOD  ODA  180 (By angle sum pyoperty)
Therefore, ∠AOD = 90°

54) d) 50°

55) c) 32 cm

56) c) both ‘a’ and ‘b’

57)

Given: PQRS is a rectangle. Diagonals PR and QS intersect at O.

To prove: PR = QS
OP = OR, OQ = OS
 Proof: In triangles PQR and SRQ,
PQ = SR (Opposite sides of a rectangle are equal)
QR is common
∠PQR = ∠SRQ = 90°
Therefore, PQR  SRQ (By SAS rule)
Hence PR = QS (CPCT)

PQRS is a rectangle
 PQRS is a parallelogram
 diagonals PR and SQ bisect each other
 OP = OR and OQ = OS

58) ∠ACD = 70°

59) 135°

60) 39 cm

61)  D = 100°

62) equal, parallel

63)

OQC  OPA ( QOC = AOP , OQ = OP and AO = CO)

Hence CQO = APO  QC || AP
Similarly, AQ || PC. Thus APCQ is a parallelogram.

64)
B = 80° and C = 100°

65) 60°; 120°

66)
 E, F, G and H are midpoints of AB, BC, CD and DA respectively.
EF and HG are parallel to AC (Using midpoint theorem).
FG and EH are parallel to BD (Using midpoint theorem).
Therefore, EFGH is a parallelogram.
So, the diagonals EG and FH bisect each other.

67) x = 3; y = 13;
The diagonals of a parallelogram bisect each other.

68) 108°, 72°, 108°, 72°

69) Parallelogram, Rectangle, Square, and Rhombus.

70)  ACB=  ABC

IN  ABC,  CAE=  ABC+  ACB
 CAD +  EAD=2  ACB
 CAD=  ACB

71) 96°

72) A = B = C = D = 90˚

73) Area of triangle ABD = Area of triangle BCD

1 1
 BD  AP   BD  QC
2 2
Hence AP = QC

74)
 The diagonals AC and BD bisect each other at O
Therefore, OD = OB
DP + OP = BQ + OQ
OP = OQ

75) AB = CD and AB || DC
AE = FC and AE || FC (E and F are the midpoints of AB and CD respectively)
GH = HD and BG = GH

76) ∠ADB = ∠DBC

∠BDC = ∠DBA
Hence ∆ABD is similar to ∆CBD (by AA similarity)

77) PQ || DC || AE
DP DQ
 
PA QE
(ii) PQ || AB
(iii) In ∆CAB, PQ || AB
CR CQ
  =1
RA QB

78) AD = BC and AD || BC
AP = CQ and AP || CQ

79)

 APR=  DAR (Alternate angles are equal)

 QPR=  SRP
PQ || RS and similarly QR || PS
 BPR+  DRP=18 0
(Sum of the c0-interiror angles are supplementary)