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Comprehensive Python Guide

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12 views

Comprehensive Python Guide

Uploaded by

lesaduluthmin64
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 6

Comprehensive Python Programming Guide

Introduction to Python

Python is a high-level, interpreted programming language known for its simplicity and versatility.

1. Installation

- Download and install Python from: https://www.python.org/downloads/

- Verify installation by running 'python --version' in your command line.

2. Basic Syntax

- Print statements: Use 'print()' to output data to the console.

Example:

print('Hello, World!')

- Comments: Use '#' for single-line comments and ''' for multi-line comments.

Example:

# This is a single-line comment

'''

This is a

multi-line comment

'''

3. Variables

- Variables are created by assigning a value with '='.

Example:

age = 25 # integer

name = 'Alice' # string

height = 5.5 # float


4. Data Types

- Common data types include:

- int: Integer

- float: Floating-point number

- str: String

- bool: Boolean (True/False)

Example:

x = 10 # int

y = 3.14 # float

z = 'Python' # str

a = True # bool

5. Control Structures

- Conditionals: Use 'if', 'elif', and 'else' to execute code based on conditions.

Example:

if age >= 18:

print('You are an adult.')

elif age < 13:

print('You are a child.')

else:

print('You are a teenager.')

- Loops: Use 'for' and 'while' to repeat actions.

Example of 'for' loop:

for i in range(5):

print(i)
Example of 'while' loop:

count = 0

while count < 5:

print(count)

count += 1

6. Functions

- Define functions using 'def'.

Example:

def greet(name):

return f'Hello, {name}!'

print(greet('Alice'))

7. Data Structures

- Lists: Ordered collections of items.

Example:

fruits = ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']

print(fruits[0]) # Output: apple

- Tuples: Immutable ordered collections.

Example:

coordinates = (10.0, 20.0)

print(coordinates[1]) # Output: 20.0

- Dictionaries: Key-value pairs.

Example:

person = {'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}


print(person['name']) # Output: Alice

- Sets: Unordered collections of unique items.

Example:

unique_numbers = {1, 2, 3, 3}

print(unique_numbers) # Output: {1, 2, 3}

8. Object-Oriented Programming

- Classes and Objects: Define classes to create objects.

Example:

class Dog:

def __init__(self, name):

self.name = name

def bark(self):

return 'Woof!'

my_dog = Dog('Buddy')

print(my_dog.bark())

9. Modules and Libraries

- Importing modules using 'import'.

Example:

import math

print(math.sqrt(16)) # Output: 4.0

10. Exception Handling

- Handle errors gracefully using try and except.

Example:
try:

result = 10 / 0

except ZeroDivisionError as e:

print('Error:', e)

11. File Handling

- Reading from and writing to files.

Example:

with open('example.txt', 'w') as file:

file.write('Hello, World!')

with open('example.txt', 'r') as file:

content = file.read()

print(content)

12. Advanced Topics

- Decorators: Modify function behavior.

Example:

def decorator_function(original_function):

def wrapper_function():

print('Wrapper executed before {}'.format(original_function.__name__))

return original_function()

return wrapper_function

@decorator_function

def display():

return 'Display function executed.'

print(display())
- Generators: Create iterators with 'yield'.

Example:

def generate_numbers():

for i in range(5):

yield i

for number in generate_numbers():

print(number)

- Context Managers: Manage resources with 'with'.

Example:

with open('example.txt', 'w') as file:

file.write('Using context manager.')

13. Conclusion

- Continue exploring Python and work on projects to enhance your skills.

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