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G9-SS-NS-11-Russian Revolution 24-25

Social science

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11 views2 pages

G9-SS-NS-11-Russian Revolution 24-25

Social science

Uploaded by

shankarkrishnashanoj
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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M.E.

S INDIAN SCHOOL (MESIS)


ABU HAMOUR BRANCH, DOHA – QATAR
NOTES [2024-2025]
Class &Div: IX (All Divisions) Subject: Social Science
Lesson: The Russian Revolution Date: 12/09/2024

=====================================================================================================

Ref. No: S.S-N-11


1. What were the social, economic and political conditions in Russia before 1905?
Answer: Social Condition: Workers were a divided group. Some had strong links with the
villages; others had settled permanently in cities. Workers were divided based on their
skills. The division among workers reflected in their dress and manners too.
Economic Condition: Most industries were the private property of industrialists. The
government supervised large factories. The industry was found in pockets. Many factories
were set up in the 1890s when Russia’s railway network was extended, foreign investment
in industry increased, coal production doubled, and iron and steel output quadrupled.
Most industries were the private property of industrialists.
Political Condition: Russia was an autocracy. Unlike other European countries, The Tsar
was not subject to a Parliament. Liberals in Russia campaigned to end this state of affairs.
Socialist Revolutionary Party Struggled for Peasants’ Rights :1905 was the year when the
incident of ‘Bloody Sunday’ took place. 100 workers were killed, and about 300 were
wounded. Bloody Sunday started a series of events that became known as the 1905
revolution.
2. Why did the Tsarist autocracy collapse in 1917?

Answer: The Tsar first dismissed the initial two Dumas and then packed the parliament
with the conservatives. During the First World War, the Tsar took decision without
consulting the Duma. Large scale casualties of Russian soldiers in the war further alienated
the people from the Tsar. Burning of crops and buildings by the retreating Russian armies
created huge shortage of food in Russia. All of these led to the collapse of the Tsarist
autocracy in 1917.

3. What were the main changes brought about by the Bolsheviks immediately after the
October Revolution?
Answer: Major changes after the October Revolution:
 Industries and banks were nationalised by November 1917
 Government took over ownership and management.
 The land was declared as a social property and peasants were allowed to seize the
land of the nobility.
 In the cities, Bolsheviks enforced the partition of large houses according to family
requirements.
ACD-105, REV 0, 27.03.2021
 Old titles of the aristocracy were banned.
 New uniforms were designed for the army and officials.
 Bolshevik Party was renamed as the Russian Communist Party (Bolshevik)
Bolsheviks conducted elections to the constituent assembly; however, they failed to
attain the majority, Assembly rejected the Bolshevik measures, and Lenin dismissed
the assembly.
 All Russian Congress of Soviets became Parliament of the country.
 Russia became a one-party state.
 Trade unions were kept under party control, the Secret Police punished anyone who
criticised the Bolsheviks.
 Many young artists and writers continued to support the Party as it stood for
Socialism.
4. Write a few lines to show what you know about;
Kulaks: The wealthy landowners were called the kulaks. Stalin was suspicious of them for
hoarding. During collectivization of farming, the kulaks were raided and their lands were
seized.

The Duma: The Russian parliament is called the Duma. The first Duma was constituted in
1905.

Women workers between 1900 and 1930: Participation of women workers was quite
significant in Russia. About one-third industrial workers were women. Especially during the
war years, the number of women workers increased because the able-bodied men were
called for wartime duties.

The Liberals: Liberals wanted a change in the society. They wanted toleration towards all
religions. They opposed the uncontrolled power of dynastic rulers. They wanted to
safeguard the rights of individuals. They favoured a representative, elected parliamentary
government. Such a government should be subject to laws interpreted by a well-trained
and independent judiciary. However, some of the liberal ideas were not democratic. They
did not believe in universal adult franchise and wanted the voting rights only for men with
property.
Stalin’s collectivization programme: Stalin believed that collectivization of agriculture
would help in improving grains supplies in Russia. He began collectivization in 1929. All
peasants were forced to cultivate in collective farms (kolhoz). The bulk of land and
implements were transferred to the ownership of collective farm. Many peasants
protested such attempts and destroyed livestock to show their anger. Collectivization did
not bring the desired results in the food supply situation turned even worse in subsequent
years.
*************

ACD-105, REV 0, 27.03.2021

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