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Channel Sounding Primer - Part 2

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Iheb Hamed
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27 views9 pages

Channel Sounding Primer - Part 2

Uploaded by

Iheb Hamed
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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A Bluetooth LE

Channel Sounding Primer


Part 2: How it actually works.
Recap: Channel Sounding
defines…
… Two methods for ranging:

Phase-Based Ranging (PBR)


Round-Trip Timing (RTT)

They can be used independently or in combination


for higher accuracy distance measurement.
Phase-Based Ranging
(PBR) utilizes…
… the relationship between the speed of light,
a signal’s frequency, and its wavelength to
figure out the distance between two devices.

Speed of Light Frequency

c = λ x f
Wavelength
But how does this relate
to distance?
The wavelength of a Bluetooth signal is known:
between 12.0 – 12.5 cm long, depending of the
specific frequency (RF channel) used. The phase
of the signal at a given point is directly related
to the distance the signal has traveled.

0 π/2 π 3π/2 2π
However, this is
not enough..
... since a single phase occurrence repeats
many times over the distance that the signal
travels. So, the phase measurement by itself
does not provide us an occurrence of a single
distance measurement.

0 π/2 π 3π/2 0 π/2 π 3π/2 0


So how does it work
then? 🤔🙂
Bear with me and I’ll explain ...

PBR works as follows: the Initiator sends a


signal starting with a specific phase at a
specific frequency. The Reflector will transmit
a starting at the same phase of the signal
received by it and on the same frequency. The
phase of the returned signal is then recorded
back at the Initiator.

Initiator Reflector
This process is then
repeated multiple times.
The Initiator repeats the same process for a
number of frequencies recording the phase of
the signal sent back by the Reflector for each
frequency. The Initiator then calculates the
differences between the phases and
frequencies for each run and uses that to
calculate the distance between it and the
Reflector (via complex math equations).
The “distance ambiguity”
phenomenon.
Distance ambiguity refers to the fact that after
a certain distance, the difference between the
phases will not result in a single distance
measurement. This occurs after around 150 m.

To work around this, the second method,


Round-Trip Timing (RTT), can be used in
conjunction with PBR to provide a more
accurate distance measurement.

PBR + RTT =
LIKE
and
REPOST
to benefit
others.

Mohammad Afaneh
Follow me for BLE Tips!

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