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CPP Questions

cpp question

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kishorgaikar876
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3 views

CPP Questions

cpp question

Uploaded by

kishorgaikar876
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1.

what is pointer :
A pointer is a variable that stores the memory address of another variable. It allows you to directly
access and manipulate the memory loca�on.

Exampale:

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {

int num = 42;

int *ptr = &num;

prin�("Value of num: %d\n", num);

prin�("Address of num: %p\n", (void*)&num);

prin�("Value at ptr: %d\n", *ptr); /

return 0;

2 ]write a 2 number
swap : #include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int main()

int a = 5, b = 10;

cout << "Before swapping." << endl;

cout << "a = " << a << ", b = " << b << endl;

a = a + b;

b = a - b;

a = a - b;

cout << "\nA�er swapping." << endl;


cout << "a = " << a << ", b = " << b << endl;

return 0;

write a program to calculate two string by using


#3]

pointer:
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

void concatenate(char* str1, char* str2, char* result) {


while (*str1) {
*result++ = *str1++;
}
while (*str2) {
*result++ = *str2++;
}
*result = '\0'; // Null terminate the result
}
int main() {
char str1[100], str2[100], result[200}
cout << "Enter first string: ";
cin.getline(str1, 100);
cout << "Enter second string: ";
cin.getline(str2, 100)
concatenate(str1, str2, result);
cout << "Concatenated string: " << result << endl;

#4 write a syntax for overloaded constructor :


class ClassName {
public:
parameters
ClassName()
}
one parameter
ClassName(int a) {
}
two parameters
ClassName(int a, int b)
}
};
#5.Explain any four rules for virtual function
Declared in Base Class:
A virtual func�on must be declared in the base class, typically
using the virtual keyword. Derived classes can override it.

2. Access via Pointer/Reference:


A virtual func�on is used to achieve run�me
polymorphism.
To ensure that the correct version (base or derived) of the
func�on is called, the func�on must be accessed via a
pointer
or reference to the base class.
3. Base Class Destructors Should be Virtual:
If a class has virtual func�ons, its destructor should also be
virtual to ensure that the destructor of derived classes is
called when dele�ng an object via a pointer to the base class.
4. Cannot be Sta�c:
Virtual func�ons cannot be sta�c members. Sta�c func�ons
are not associated with any object instance, while virtual
func�ons are resolved dynamically at run�me based on
the object's type.
6]what is pure func�on:
. Always returns the same result for the same input.
2. Has no side effects, meaning it doesn't modify external
variables or states.
7] define polymorphisum:
1. Compile-�me (Sta�c) Polymorphism:
Achieved through func�on overloading and operator
overloading, where the decision of which func�on to call
is made during compila�on.

Func�on Overloading: Mul�ple func�ons with the same


name but different parameters.
Operator Overloading: Defining custom behavior for
operators for user-defined types.
2. Run-�me (Dynamic) Polymorphism:
Achieved through inheritance and virtual func �ons,
where the func�on call is resolved at run�me based on
the actual object's type.
8] what is call by value :
What is call by address:
Call by Value:
A copy of the actual parameter is passed to the func�on.
Changes made inside the func�on do not affect the original
variable.
void modify(int x) {
x = 10; // changes local copy only
}

Call by Address:
The address of the actual parameter is passed to the
func�on.
Changes made inside the func�on affect the original variable.
void modify(int* x) {
*x = 10; // changes the original value
}

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