IEEE ITNEC(ISSN:2693-3128)

Blockchain Technology based Metaverse

Development Application
2023 IEEE 6th Information Technology,Networking,Electronic and Automation Control Conference (ITNEC) | 978-1-6654-6004-0/23/$31.00 ©2023 IEEE | DOI: 10.1109/ITNEC56291.2023.10082490

Xiaorui Zhang
National University of Defense Technology, Wuhan, China
[email protected]

Abstract—The distributed services of the blockchain

derive many applications. Combining the latest VR/AR
related virtual reality technology, the application scenarios
are linked to the decentralized servers, which greatly incr-
ease the accessibility of Metaverse. By using the blockchain
browser to access the dapp, the accessibility of the content is
further improved. More virtual worlds can be developed in
combination with the actual application scenarios. Users
can closely participate in the re development of the scen-
arios to achieve user centered essential services. In the
application of the meta universe, smart contracts enable the
economic development of virtual scenes with tokens. As the
underlying network structure of the meta universe, the
blockchain network is landing at an unprecedented speed. It
is developing the meta universe in the network structure
logic related to digital wallets, distributed autonomous orga-
nizations (DAOs), distributed storage, decentralized public
transactions, and heterogeneous authentication (NFT). It
has multiple advantages. First, it realizes participation in
predictable scenarios and reduces labor consumption.
Second, the interaction process realized the alternation of Fig. 1. The block content and chain structure.
reality and virtual, and increased diversified creation. Third,
use device terminals and mobile terminals to access The emergence of distributed databases has spawned
applications, accelerate point-to-point interaction, and new applications. The word Metaverse first appeared in
achieve decentralized services. Neil Stephenson’s novel Avalanche [2]. The author
describes the virtual world as parallel docking with the
Keywords—Metaverse; web3.0; VR/AR development and real world, and users can interact with virtual reality. In
application; smart contract combination with the progress of virtual reality (VR),
augmented reality (AR), mixed reality (MR) and other
I. INTRODUCTION technologies, the concept of meta universe was upgraded
[3]. With this trend, enterprises or individuals are
Blockchain is a chain structure based on distributed encouraged to try to apply the meta universe to various
transaction records generated by Bitcoin transactions [1]. fields. On this basis, various applications are added to the
It broadcasts the content of Bitcoin transactions, and each meta chain, and the browser [4] is used to search and
computer node packages the data, generates blocks after access, so that user needs can be completed on the meta
hash calculation, and uploads them to the chain. After the chain.
computer node applies for an account, it assigns a digital
currency wallet, which can be used to store the digital
currency, key (private key and public key) and address. II. DISTRIBUTED DATA
Using the digital currency collection address generated in Simple data storage: after broadcasting the data to be
the wallet, it can accept the digital currency transferred to uploaded with blockchain technology, computer nodes
you by others, or transfer its own digital currency to can be packaged and linked for storage. Due to the limited
others for decentralized public transactions. The data layer storage space of the distributed database, the storage
specifies the data organization form and storage structure capacity of blocks can be expanded. Such applications are
of the blockchain, Mainly responsible for data storage of generally applicable to uploading public data such as
blockchain. The digital wallet address can hide the electronic files, legal documents, financial statements, etc.
personal identity to complete the transaction. The block After the data is uploaded, the time stamp in the header of
content and chain structure are shown in the Fig. 1. the block just fixes the original data for users to query.

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 Gavin Wood, the co-founder of Ethereum, proposed code and becomes a part of the blockchain. Once the
Web 3.0, which is an inclusive protocol and uses a new contract code is written into the blockchain, the
way to build applications. Through this new application, blockchain will monitor the status of the smart contract in
he hopes that everyone can master their own (digital) real time, and automatically activate and execute the
identity, assets and data, and thus their own destiny. This contract when the agreed conditions are met. As the data
is a set of inclusive protocols that provide building blocks information in the blockchain cannot be tampered with,
for application manufacturers. These building blocks the contract itself and the execution conditions cannot be
replace traditional Web technologies, such as HTTP, modified or deleted during the contract execution process,
AJAX, MySQL, and provide a new way to create and the process automatically executed when the
applications. The back-end connects smart contract code conditions are met cannot be manually intervened or
and homomorphic encryption applications to ensure data prevented.
security and confidentiality. This kind of protocol just
solves the problem that Internet companies control the The smart contract (as shown in Fig. 2) realizes the
data and information of participants and enjoy the application of the underlying blockchain algorithm, and
dividend of Internet development, while users can only automatically executes the responsible subjects specified
sell their own data. in the protocol. The existence of data can ensure the
implementation of smart contract technology, in which the
The features of blockchain decentralization, distrust operation status of data and different types of data need to
and tamper proof have well marked the goal of Web 3.0 - be classified. The status data and transaction data will be
to create a new generation of Internet, so that each user managed through on chain storage, which is also the
can master their own data and identity. The data is saved transmission system adopted by most current blockchain
in the server at the risk of personal information loss. To technologies. It can publish application data and code to
solve this problem, the personal information can be saved the transaction chain, and then load data and analyze code.
in the personal database, the digital wallet address can be In the back-end programming of the blockchain, it adjusts
loaded in the distributed database, and the personal the solution of the blockchain driver and the decentralized
information can be connected to the personal storage. applications on the respective blockchain. All kinds of
After the application requiring transaction on the chain is dapps are implemented by automatic written programs
browsed by the user, the buyer can broadcast the address (smart contracts) [5]. Common legal document execution,
of the digital wallet and the seller can broadcast the public art product trading, and digital trading applications can be
key and address by using a bitcoin transaction algorithm supervised by smart contract codes.
similar to that of the digital wallet. When all nodes
achieve bookkeeping, the digital currency transaction
succeeds.
The front-end stores data, and the back end uses smart
contracts to automate transactions. In 1995, Nick Saab put
forward the concept of smart contracts: “A smart contract
is a set of commitments defined in digital form, including
the agreements on which contract participants can
implement these commitments.” However, due to the
technical conditions at that time, the digital system of
programmable contracts could not be provided, and smart
contracts were not recognized and widely used. It was not
until 2008 that Nakamoto Cong put forward the concept
of blockchain and created the Bitcoin social network that
smart contracts were revitalized. Bitcoin uses smart
contracts for transactions, and smart contracts use
Bitcoin’s distributed ledgers to operate autonomy. In the
field of blockchain technology, smart contracts refer to
computer programs that are triggered based on specific
conditions, tamper proof, and automatically executed. The
smart contract is mainly written in Solidity, Move and
other programming languages. Its working principle is
similar to the if then statement of a computer program. Fig. 2. Principles of ethereum smart contract.
When a predefined condition is triggered, the smart
contract will execute the corresponding results. The How to further use the development of the chain, use
parties to the contract set the contracting conditions, the public information, use the pow or dpow algorithm in
execution rules, trigger conditions and corresponding the blockchain protocol to package and link, and finally
performance behaviors in advance in the smart contract. realize the fast link of the data. The public data can be
After the contract is signed by the parties, it is attached to loaded with the data created by individuals. Everyone can
a block marked with a timestamp in the form of program use the terminal device to upload the works to the chain,

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 load [6] nft (non homogenous token) to protect the data of develop a series of scene applications and virtual
personal products, and conduct nft on the chain to achieve classroom language teaching [9]. In the language teaching
property rights authentication, Personal creation realizes based on virtual reality technology, the listening and
the protection and sharing of data in the chain application, speaking class [10] uses the immersion of virtual reality
and finally realizes the uniqueness of property rights. technology to immerse students in the language learning
environment and communicate with native language
Intelligent data browsing with blockchain browser can learners in real time, so as to provide students with a
achieve the desired results of fast search. In the world of language learning context that cannot be realized in
web3, any questions can be solved, personal data storage traditional classrooms and reduce their foreign language
can be transferred to distributed servers in the server, and learning anxiety, Improve the quality of oral output.
the problem of removing third-party platforms and data
self-preservation can be completely realized. The meta chain application loads nft, uses the
blockchain search engine and smart contract supervision
III. META CHAIN DAPP TRANSACTION DEVELOPMENT to create conditions for digital transactions of producers.
The definition of personal objects in the virtual space is
We can use mobile devices to create exclusive reshaped, the application of the server is derived from the
products, use video editing technology to create personal real world scene, realizing the connection between virtual
ip, and create our own short videos. Fitness bloggers can reality and real applications, and generating a new round
save and upload daily fitness effects to the meta chain, of applications. Any property owner creates his own
and food bloggers can clip their own videos to create a virtual world in his own meta universe, and implements
personal food space; Meituan merchants can make their landing applications in combination with the real world.
own pictures, list and upload personal items, and then Everyone on the chain can show his own products, share
contact the takeout merchants for delivery; Auto bloggers them, and ensure the uniqueness of property rights.
can upload their cars and their actual measurements to
share with their fans. Users can search the content of
interest through the meta chain search function, and IV. IMPACT AND FUTURE
conduct content query. The underlying blockchain Based on web1 and web2, the meta chain is upgraded
provides technical support for transactions. to web3 applications, and combined with AR/VR/AX
technology, AI [11], blockchain, the upgrading and
More practical applications of meta chain lie in the transformation of dapp ecological development can
combination of virtual worlds. How to further combine further enhance the actual experience of users’ virtual
scene applications is a real problem. The scripts that are reality parallel world development. In addition, nft
popular in the streets and alleys can make full use of the algorithm can confirm the rights of various application
meta chain for applications, leaving personal web2 scenarios of the meta chain, and combined with the
application contact information for role playing. The Web development of smart contract back-end code, it can
2.0 architecture consists of front-end, back-end, database realize cross chain digital transactions. Digital wallet
and other components. Similarly, Web 3.0 architecture constructs an access address for the meta chain to achieve
can also be divided into front and back ends and databases. multi-level access. In addition to the intelligent search of
The difference is that DApps front end architecture the blockchain engine, it increases the user’s real
mainly focuses on the application of decentralized experience. It accesses the meta chain on the personal
programs. Back end logic is realized through smart mobile terminal, wears VR intelligent devices for virtual
contracts. Like the real world, multi-user access to the scene audio and video experience, and experiences the
meta chain for social networking, game interaction, and real line of virtual reality games. The scenes in Player 1
ar/vr/ax applications needs to be supervised through smart enter the real world. Combined with AR technology, add
contracts. The purpose of smart contracts in the meta virtual items to the real scene for application, manufacture
chain is to automate operations and ensure that personal wear, and achieve online transactions. The back-
transactions and transactions are carried out according to end smart contract provides transaction users with
predetermined rules. Smart contracts are digital contracts decentralized point-to-point digital transactions, cross
programmed and run on the blockchain. Once the chain services, and the nft and address in each meta chain
predetermined conditions are suitable, the contract ensure the uniqueness of the virtual scene.
encoded on the smart contract will be automatically
executed. The meta chain application connects the past third-
party platform services to the point-to-point digital
From the perspective of basic technology [7]. The transactions of users and businesses, reduces the
basic technologies in the Web 1.0 stage are mainly PC registration of intermediate processes, and better protects
Internet technology, etc; The basic technologies in the the personal data of businesses and users. Scenarios are
Web 2.0 stage mainly include mobile Internet, social diversified, connecting to users’ real experience, reducing
technology, big data, artificial intelligence and other personal offline applications, and enhancing the sense of
technologies; The basic technologies of Web 3.0 [8] stage real experience makes up for manual errors. The code is
mainly include blockchain, VR/AR/MR, artificial intelli- open source, and various virtual games and scenarios can
gence, etc. Dao and Dapp can combine decentralization to be optimized and upgraded to enhance the user’s sense of

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