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Probs 3

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26 views3 pages

Probs 3

Uploaded by

Devang Bajpai
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Michaelmas 2016 1B Methods

1B Methods – Example Sheet 3


Please email me with any comments, particularly if you spot an error. Problems marked with
an asterisk (∗) are optional; only attempt them if you have time.

1. Suppose ψ(x) is once continuously differentiable. By considering the inner product with a
test function, justify the formula

ψ(x) δ 0 (x) = ψ(0) δ 0 (x) − ψ 0 (0) δ(x) .

Find a similar formula for ψ(x) δ (n) (x) in the case that ψ is n times continuously differentiable.

2. Suppose x ∈ [−π, π]. Do the Fourier series of δ(x) and |p| δ(px) agree? Why / why not?

3. The reading θ(t) of an ammeter satisfies

θ̈(t) + 2p θ̇(t) + (p2 + q 2 )θ(t) = f (t) ,

where p, q are constants with p > 0. The ammeter is set so that θ(0) = θ̇(0) = 0. Assuming
q 6= 0, show by constructing the Green’s function that

1 t −p(t−τ )
Z
θ(t) = e sin[q(t − τ )] f (τ ) dτ .
q 0

Derive the same result by taking the Fourier transform of the original equation, showing that
the transfer function for this system is
 
1 1 1
R̃(ω) = − .
2qi iω + p − iq iω + p + iq

4. Obtain the Green’s function G(x, ξ) satisfying

d2 G
− λ2 G = δ(x − ξ) and G(0, ξ) = G(1, ξ) = 0 ,
dx2
where λ is real, and x ∈ [0, 1] with ξ ∈ (0, 1). Show that the solution to the equation

d2 y
− λ2 y = f (x) ,
dx2
subject to the same boundary conditions, is
 Z 1 Z x 
1
y=− sinh λx f (ξ) sinh λ(1 − ξ) dξ + sinh λ(1 − x) f (ξ) sinh λξ dξ .
λ sinh λ x 0

David Skinner [email protected]


Michaelmas 2016 1B Methods

5. A linear differential operator is defined by


 
1 d 2 dy
Lx y = − 2 x +y.
x dx dx

By writing y = z/x or otherwise, find those solutions of Lx y = 0 which are either (a) bounded
as x → 0, or (b) bounded as x → ∞. Find the Green’s function G(x, a) satisfying

Lx G(x, a) = δ(x − a) ,

and both conditions (a) and (b). Use G(x, a) to solve


(
1 for x ∈ [0, R]
Lx y(x) =
0 for x > R

subject to conditions (a) and (b). Show that the solution has the form

A

1 + sinh x for x ∈ [0, R]

y(x) = x
 B e−x

for x > R
x
for suitable constants A, B.

6. By using differentiation and shift properties, calculate the Fourier transform of the Gaussian
distribution f (x) = exp[−n2 (x − µ)2 ] for constants n and µ.
√
Now let µ = 0, and consider δn (x) = (n/ π)f (x). Sketch δn (x) and δen (k) for small and large
n. Evaluate Z ∞
δn (x) dx .
−∞
What is happening as n → ∞?

7. Let (
e−x for x ∈ (0, ∞)
f (x) = .
0 for x ∈ (−∞, 0)
Show that the Fourier transform
1 − ik
f˜(k) = .
1 + k2
What value does the inverse Fourier transform of f˜(k) take at x = 0? Explain this as fully
as you can. (Inversion for general x is really straightforward with Complex Methods.)

8. By considering the Fourier transform of the function


(
cos x for |x| < π/2
f (x) =
0 for |x| ≥ π/2 ,

David Skinner [email protected]


Michaelmas 2016 1B Methods

and the Fourier transform of its derivative, show that


∞ π2 ∞
cos2 t t2 cos2 t
Z Z
4 π π
2 dt = and that 2 dt = .
4 4
 
0 π2 0 π2
4 − t2 4 −t
2

9. Show that, for α ∈ R, the inverse Fourier transform of the function


(
ekα − e−kα for |k| ≤ 1
f˜α (k) =
0 for |k| > 1

is
2i
fα (x) = (α cosh α sin x − x cos x sinh α) .
π(α2 + x2 )

Now let Ω = {(x, y) ∈ R2 | 0 ≤ y ≤ 1}. Suppose that φ : Ω → R solves Laplace’s equation


∇2 φ = 0 inside Ω and obeys the boundary conditions

φ(x, 0) = f1 (x) and φ(x, 1) = 0 ,

where f1 (x) is the function given above at α = 1. By taking the Fourier transform of Laplace’s
equation (wrt x), find φ.

David Skinner [email protected]

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