Solution

DERIVATIVE OF IMPLICIT FUNCTION

Class 12 - Mathematics
1.
(b) -1
Explanation: √x + √y = 1
Differentiating with respect to x,
1 1 dy
+ =0
2√x 2√y dx

√
dy y
= −
dx x

( ) √
1
dy 1 4
= − = −1
dx
4 −11 1
4 4

2.
(b) ex cot ex
Explanation: ex cot ex
y = log (sin ex)
dy d
= log (sin ex)
dx dx
1 d
= x
sin ex
sine dx
1 d
= cose x ex
x dx
sine
= cote x(e x)
= ex cot ex
cos 2 ( a + y )
3. (a)
cos a
sin y
Explanation: sin y = x cos(a + y) ⇒ x =
cos ( a + y )
Differentiating with respect to x,
dy dy
cosy = − xsin(a + y) + cos(a + y)
dx dx
dy dy
cosy + xsin(a + y) = cos(a + y)
dx dx
dy
[cosy + xsin(a + y)] = cos(a + y)
dx

[cosy +
sin y
cos ( a + y )
sin(a + y)
] dy
dx
= cos(a + y)

[ cos ( a + y ) cos y + sin ysin ( a + y ) dy

cos ( a + y ) ] dx
= cos(a + y)
 cos a dy
= cos(a + y)
cos ( a + y ) dx
dy cos 2 ( a + y )
=
dx cos a
1
4. (a)
( 2y − 1 )
Explanation: Given:
⇒y= √x + √x + √x + …∞
We can write it as
⇒ y = √x + y
Squaring we get
⇒ y2 = x + y
Differentiating with respect to x,we get
dy dy
⇒ 2y =1+
dx dx
dy 1
⇒ =
dx ( 2y − 1 )

5. (a) -sec2
( )
π
4
−x

Explanation: -sec2
( ) π
4
−x

cos x − sin x
y=
cos x + sin x
sinx
cosx ( 1 − )
cosx
y=
sinx
cosx ( 1 + )
cosx
1 − tanx
y=
1 + tanx
π
tan − tanx
4
y=
π
1 + tan tanx
4
π
y = tan ( -x)
4
dy π
= − sec 2( − x)
dx 4
6.
− 10x
(d)
√1 − ( 5x2 + 4 ) 2
Explanation: Let y = cos-1(5x2 + 4).
Put z = 5x2 + 4.
Then, y = cos-1 z.
 On differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we get
dy d d dz
dx dx (
cos − 1z ) =
dz (
= cos − 1z ) [by chain rule]
dx
−1 d
=
√1 − z dx
(5x + 4 ) [put z = 5x2 + 4]
2
2

1
=− × [5 × 2x + 0] [put z = 5x2 + 4]
√ 1 − ( 5x 2 + 4 ) 2
10x
=−
√ 1 − ( 5x 2 + 4 ) 2
7.
y
(b)
x
Explanation: Given that xpyq = (x + y)p + q
Taking log both sides, we obtain
logexpyq = (P + q) loge (x + y)
(Since logabc = c loga b)
Since loga bc = loga b + loga c, we get
logexp + logeyq = (p + q) loge (x + y)
p loge x + q logey = (p + q) loge (x + y)
Differentiating with respect to x, we obtain
p
x
+
q dy
y dx
=
p+q
x+y ( 1+
dy
dx )
⇒
dy
( xq − yp
dx y ( x + y ) ) =
xq − yp
x(x+y)
dy y
Hence, =
dx x
8.
sin x
(b) − , y ≠ (2n + 1)π
1 + cos y
Explanation: We have, y + sin y = cos x On differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we get
dy d d
+ (siny) = (cosx)
dx dx dx
dy dy dy sin x
+ cosy ⋅ = -sin x ⇒ =−
dx dx dx 1 + cos y
where, y ≠ (2n + 1)π
y
9. (a)
(1−y)
Explanation: We can write it as
⇒ y = ex + y
log y = (x + y) log e
Differentiating with respect to x,we get
1 dy dy
⇒ =1+
y dx dx
 ⇒
( ) 1
y
−1
dy
dx
=1

⇒
dy
dx( ) =1
1−y
y

2
10. (a)
1 + x2

Explanation: Given, y = sin-1

( ) 2x
1 + x2
On differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we get

dy
dx
=
1 d
( ) 2x
dx 1 + x 2

√ ( )1−
2x
1 + x2
2

( 1 + x ) ( 2 ) − 2x ( 2x )
[ ]
2
1 + x2
=
√ ( 1 + x 2 ) 2 − 4x 2 (1+x ) 2 2

=
1 + x2

√1 + x 4 + 2x 2 − 4x 2 [( ) ]
2 − 2x 2

1 + x2
2

(
2 1 + x2 ) (1−x ) 2 2

= =
(1−x ) (1+x ) 1+x 2 2
2 2

11. We have,
y= √cosx + √cosx + √cosx + . . . to ∞
⇒y= √cosx + y
Squaring both sides, we get,
y2 = cos x + y
Differentiating both sides with respect to x,
dy dy
⇒ 2y = − sinx +
dx dx
dy
⇒ (2y - 1) = -sin x
dx
dy − sin x
⇒ =
dx 2y − 1
dy sin x
⇒ =
dx 1 − 2y
12. We have, y = x sin y
Differentiate both sides with respect to x, we get
dy d
= (xsiny)
dx dx
 dy d d
⇒ =x (siny) + siny (x) [using product rule]
dx dx dx
dy dy
⇒ = xcosy + siny
dx dx
dy
⇒ (1 - x cos y) = sin y
dx
dy sin y
⇒ =
dx 1 − xcos y
Hence proved.
13. we have,
x3 + x2y + xy2 + y3 = 81
Differentiating both sides w.r.t to x,we get,
dy dy dy
3x 2 + x 2. + y.2x + x.2y + y 2.1 + 3y 2 =0
dx dx dx
dy
(x 2 + 2xy + 3y 2 ) dx = − 3x 2 − 2xy − y 2

− ( 3x + 2xy + y )
2 2
dy
=
dx x 2 + 2xy + 3y 2
14. As we know that
a = 2R sin A, b = 2R sin B and c = 2R sin C
da db dc
⇒ = 2R cos A, = 2R cos B and = 2R cos C [ ∵ R = constant]
dA dB dC
da db dc
But, da = dA, and db = dB and dc = dc
dA dB dC
∴ da = 2R cos A dA, db = 2RcosB db and dc = 2R cos C dc
da db dc
⇒ + + = 2R (dA + dB + dC)
cos A cos B cos C
da db dc
⇒ + + = 2Rd(A + B + C) = 2Rd(π) [ ∵ A + B + C = π]
cos A cos B cos C
da db dc
⇒ + +
= 2R(0) = 0 [as d(π) =0]
cos A cos B cos C
15. According to product rule of differentiation

( )
d x 2y
x 2dy
yd x 2
dy ( )
= + = x2 + 2xy
dx dx dx dx
Therefore,

d ( ysec x ) d ( tan x ) ( )
d x 2y
+ + =0
dx dx dx
d(y) dy
secx × + y sec x tan x + sec2 x + x 2 + 2xy = 0
dx dx
dy
[x2 + sec x] = -(y sec x tan x + sec2 x + 2xy)
dx

dy (
− ysec xtan x + sec 2 x + 2xy )
=
dx x 2 + sec x
16. Let, y = a x
y
( )
⇒ log y = xy log a [taking log on both sides]
⇒ log(log y) = y log x + log(log a) [again taking log on both sides]
1 d dy d
⇒ (logy) = logx + y (logx) + 0 [DIfferentiting both sides w.r.t. x]
log y dx dx dx
1 1 dy dy 1
⇒ = logx + y ×
log y y dx dx x

⇒
dy
{
dx ylog y
1
}
− logx =
y
x

⇒
dx {
dy 1 − ylog ylog x
ylog y } =
y
x

dy y 2log y
⇒ = .
dx x { 1 − ylog ylog x }
17. We have,
xy = 1
Differentiating both sides with respect to x, we get
d d
(xy) = (1)
dx dx
dy d
⇒x +y (x) = 0 [Using product rule]
dx dx
dy
⇒x + y(1) = 0
dx
dy y
⇒ = −
dx x

⇒
dy
dx
= −
y
1 [ ∵x=
1
y ]
y
dy
⇒ = − y2
dx
dy
⇒ + y2 = 0
dx
18. We have,
y= √tanx + √tanx + √tanx + . . . + → ∞
⇒y= √tanx + y
Squaring both sides, we get,
y2 = tan x + y
Differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we get
dy dy
⇒ 2y = sec 2x +
dx dx
dy
⇒ (2y - 1) = sec2x
dx
dy sec 2 x
⇒ =
dx 2y − 1
19. Given: cos (x + y) = y sin x. ....(i)
On differentiating both sides of (i) w.r.t. x, we get
d dy
-sin (x + y) (x + y) = ycos x + sin x
dx dx

⇒ -sin (x + y) 1 +
( dy
dx ) = y cos x + sin x
dy
dx
dy
⇒ {sin (x + y) + sin x} ⋅ = -{sin (x + y) + y cos x}
dx
dy { sin ( x + y ) + ycos x }
⇒ =-
dx { sin ( x + y ) + sin x }
20. We are given that the side c and angle C remain constant.
c
∴ = k (constant)
sin C
a b a b c
⇒ = =k[ ∵ = = ]
sin A sin B sin A sin B sin C
⇒ a = k sin A and b = k sin B
da db
⇒ = k cos A and = k cos B
dA dB
da da
Now, da = dA ⇒ da = k cos A dA ⇒ = k dA
dA cos A
db db
and, db = dB ⇒ db = k cos B dB ⇒ = k dB
dB cos B
da db
∴ + = k dA + k dB = k d (A + B) = k d(π - C)
cos A cos B
da db
⇒ + = k(0) = 0 [ ∵ π - C = Constant, ∴ d (π - C) = 0]
cos A cos B
da db
Hence, + =0
cos A cos B
21. We have,
x5 + y5 = 5xy
Differentiating with respect to x, we get
d d d
dx ( )
x5 +
dx ( )
y5 =
dx
(5xy)

⇒ 5x 4 + 5y 4
dy
dx
=5 x
[ dy
dx
+y
d
dx
( x)
]
⇒ 5x 4 + 5y 4
dy
dx
=5 x
[ dy
dx
+ y(1)
]
dy dy
⇒ 5x 4 + 5y 4 + 5y = 5x
dx dx
dy dy
⇒ 5y 4 − 5x = 5y − 5x 4
dx dx
dy
⇒5 (y4 - x) = 5(y - x4)
dx
 dy ( ) 5 y − x4
⇒ =
5 ( y4 − x )
dx

dy y − x4
⇒ =
dx y4 − x
The differentiation of the given function y is as above.
y
22. We have, sin(xy) + = x2 - y2
x
Differentiating with respect to x, we get

⇒
d
dx
(sinxy) +
d
dx x () y
=
d
dx ( )x2 −
d
dx (y2 )

{ }
dy d
x −y (x)
d dx dx dy
⇒ cos(xy) (xy) + = 2x − 2y
dx x2 dx

}{ }
dy
x −y(1)
⇒ cos(xy) x
{ dy
dx
+y
dx
d
( x) +
dx

x2
= 2x − 2y
dy
dx

⇒ cos(xy) x
{ dy
dx
+ y(1) +
} ( x
1
2
x
dy
dx
−y
) = 2x − 2y
dy
dx
dy 1 dy y dy
⇒ xcos(xy) + ycos(xy) + − = 2x − 2y
dx x dx x2 dx

⇒
dy
dx { xcos(xy) +
1
x
+ 2y =
} x2
y
-y cos (xy) + 2x

⇒
dx {
dy x 2cos ( xy ) + 1 + 2xy
x } =
1
x2
(y - x2y cos(xy) + 2x3)

dy 2x 3 + y − x 2ycos ( xy )
⇒ =
dx
(
x x 2cos ( xy ) + 1 + 2xy )
LHS=RHS
Hence Proved.
dy 1
23. According to the question,we have to prove that = − if x√1 + y + y√1 + x = 0
dx ( 1 + x )2
where x ≠ y.
we shall first write y in terms of x explicitly i.e y=f(x)
Clearly, x√1 + y = − y√1 + x
Squaring both sides,we get,
x2(1 + y) = y2 (1 + x)
 ⇒ x2 + x2y = y2(1 + x)
⇒ x2 - y2 = y2x - x2y
⇒ (x - y)(x + y) = -xy(x - y)
⇒ (x - y)(x + y) + xy(x - y) = 0
⇒ (x - y)(x + y + xy) = 0
∴ Either, x - y = 0 or x + y + xy = 0
Now, x - y = 0 ⇒ x = y
But, it is given that x ≠ y
So, it is a contradiction
Therefore, x - y = 0 is rejected.
Now, consider y + xy + x = 0
−x
⇒ y(1 + x) = -x ⇒ y = ..........(i)
1+x
Therefore,on differentiating both sides w.r.t x, we get,
d d
(1+x) × ( −x) − ( −x) × (1+x)
dy dx dx
= [By using quotient rule of derivative]
dx ( 1 + x )2
dy (1+x) ( −1) +x(1)
⇒ =
dx ( 1 + x )2
dy −1−x+x
⇒ =
dx ( 1 + x )2
dy −1
∴ =
dx ( 1 + x )2
24. Let us differentiate the whole equation w.r.t. x
According to product rule of differentiation
d ( xy ) xd ( y ) yd ( x ) dy
= + =x× ,+ y
dx dx dx dx
Therefore,
d ( xy × log x + y ) d(1)
=
dx dx
d ( xy ) d ( log x + y ) d(1)
⇒ log x + y × + xy × =
dx dx dx

⇒ log x + y x
[ dy
dx ] [
+ y + xy
1
x+y
× 1+
( dy
dx )]
=0

⇒
dy
dx
[x × logx + y] + y × log (x + y) +
xy
x+y ( )
1+
dy
dx
=0

⇒
dy
dx ( xlog(x + y) +
xy
x+y ) = -(y log (x + y) +
x+y
xy
)

dy
⇒ [(x2 + xy)log (x + y) + xy] = -[(y2 + xy) log(x + y) + xy]
dx
dy − y 2log ( x + y ) − xylog ( x + y ) − xy x
⇒ = × (Multiply and divide by x)
dx x [ ( x + y ) log ( x + y ) + y ] x
dy − yxylog ( x + y ) − xxylog ( x + y ) − x 2y
⇒ =
dx x 2 [ ( x + y ) log ( x + y ) + y ]
 dy − y ( 1 ) − x ( 1 ) − x 2y
⇒ =
dx x 2 [ ( x + y ) log ( x + y ) + y ]

dy (
− x + y + x 2y )
⇒ =
dx x 2 { y + ( x + y ) log ( x + y ) }
25. We have,
4x + 3y = log(4x - 3y)
Differentiating with respect to x, we get,
d d d
(4x) + (3y) = {log(4x − 3y)}
dx dx dx
dy 1 d
⇒4+3 = (4x − 3y)
dx ( 4x − 3y ) dx

⇒4+3
dy
dx
=
1
( 4x − 3y ) ( 4−3
dy
dx )
dy 3 dy 4
⇒3 + = −4
dx ( 4x − 3y ) dx ( 4x − 3y )

⇒3
dy
dx {1+
} { }
1
( 4x − 3y )
=4
1
( 4x − 3y )
−1

⇒3
{
dy 4x − 3y + 1
dx ( 4x − 3y )} { } =4
1 − 4x + 3y
( 4x − 3y )

⇒
dy
dx
=
{ }( )
4 1 − 4x + 3y
3 ( 4x − 3y )
4x − 3y
4x − 3y + 1

⇒
dy
dx
=
3 4x − 3y + 1( )
4 1 − 4x + 3y

The differentiation of the given function y is as above.

26. Let y = √cosx + √cosx + √cosx + . . . . .
y= √cosx + y
Squaring both sides
y 2 = cosx + y
Differentiating both sides
dy dy
2y = − sinx +
dx dx
dy
(2y − 1) = − sinx
dx
dy
(1 − 2y) = sinx
dx