Forms of Social Organization

Forms and Functions
of
Social Organization
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
◉Define the different concepts of social group
and social organization
◉Explain the characteristics of social group
◉Enumerate and describe the different forms
of social groups
INITIAL TASK
Give the advantage/s of each social group. How and Why?
1. BARKADA
INITIAL TASK
Give the advantage/s of each social group.
2. CLUBS
INITIAL TASK
3. CHURCH
INITIAL TASK
4. COUPLES
INITIAL TASK
5. COUNTRY
FORM OF SOCIAL ORGANIZATION
◉Human are by nature social animals and apart from
sustained social relationship, humans would not
enjoy life in isolation (Doda,2005).
SOCIETY
◉Is an entity that allows individuality yet
provides space for other individuals and
groups to pursue mutual goals and
aspirations.
Social Groups
◉ Consists of two or more people who identify with and
interact with one another; People who make up this
group share experiences, loyalties, and interests.
(Macionis 2012: 146)
Social Groups
SOCIAL ORGANIZATION
◉refers to a type of collectivity established for the
pursuit of the specific aims or goals, characterized by
a formal structure of rules, authority relations, a
division of labor and limited membership or
admission (Jarry, D. 1995).
CHARACTERISTICS OF
SOCIAL GROUP
GIVEN NUMBER OF
INDIVIDUAL
◉A social group consists of a given number of
individuals. Without a number of individuals, no social
group can be formed.
RECIPROCAL RELATIONS
◉These reciprocal relations among the members are
the basis or foundation of social group without which
social group cannot be formed. The members must
interact or inter- related with each other.
COMMON GOALS
◉The aims, objectives and ideals of the members are
common. For the fulfilment of these common goals
social groups are formed. Here individual interests
are sacrificed for group interests.
SENSE OF UNITY AND SOLIDARITY
◉Members of a social group are always tied by a

sense of unity and bond of solidarity, common goals
and mutual relations strengthens this bond of unity
and
◉solidarity. This creates loyalty and sympathy
among the members of social group.
A STRONG SENSE OF A
WE-FEELING
◉This we- feeling fosters co-operation among
members. Because of this we- feeling the members
identify themselves with the group and consider
others as outsiders.
GROUP NORMS
◉Every social group has its own, regulations and
norms which the members are supposed to follow.
With the help of these rules and norms the group
exercises control over its members. These norms may
be written or unwritten. Any violation of group norms
is followed by punishment. The group norms
maintain unity and integrity in the group
SIMILAR BEHAVIOR
◉Members of a social group show similar behavior.
As the interests, ideals and values of a group are
common hence its members behave in a similar
manner. This similar behavior helps in the
achievement of common goals.
GROUP CONTROL
◉Social group exercises some sort of control over its
members and over their activities. This control may
be direct or indirect. Of course, group exercises
control only over non-conformists or deviants.
SOCIAL GROUPS MAY BE
PERMANENT OR
TEMPORARY IN NATURE
◉There are permanent groups likes family and
temporary groups like crowd, mob etc.
SOCIAL GROUPS ARE DYNAMIC
IN NATURE
◉It is not static. It responds to different changes. The
nature of change may be slow or rapid but it is bound
to occur.
SOCIAL INTERACTION
◉is a shared between inter-stimulation and reaction
between at least two people and groups.
EXAMPLES
◉ couples, families,
circle of friends and
barkada, churches,
:
clubs, businesses,
neighborhood, and
large organizations
Classification of Groups within the Society
◉ Primary & Secondary Groups

◉ In-groups and Out-groups
◉ Reference Groups
◉ Networks
Primary & Secondary Groups
◉ PRIMARY GROUPS
▪ A small social group whose members share personal and
lasting relationships
▪ These personal and tightly integrated groups are among the
first groups an individual experiences in life
▪ The interdependence among members is characterized by a
deep and profound relationship with each other.
ex. Family, childhood friends, work-related peers, classmates

Primary & Secondary Groups
◉ SECONDARY GROUPS
▪ A large and impersonal social group whose members pursue a
specific goal or activity.
▪ Membership is based on what people can do for each other.
Clubs, Guilds, Unions, Alliances, Coalitions, Employment,

Businessman-to-Client Relationship,
Vendor-to-Purchaser relations
ACTIVITY ¼ sheet
“My Social Groups”
Directions: Go to your Gang!
Identify 4 people inside your classroom
and label them as Primary or Secondary
according to closeness.
Intermediate Group
◉ a cross between primary and secondary groups
◉ large scale yet applies familial relationship with
members
Kapamilya; Kapuso; Family where members are

separated because of work, residence or
circumstance
Notes:
Incorporation into a group helps people
to adapt to various social processes
and attain their goals in life, but may
also encourage them to commit
wrongdoing or lead to socially deviant
practices.
In-Groups & Out-groups
◉ IN-GROUPS
▪ A social group toward which a member feels respect and
loyalty
▪ The indicators for group identification can be very distinct yet
abstract like ethnicity, race, faith, and ideology.
▪ It could be by common interest, pastime or hobbies – playing
chess, cooking, gardening so on and so forth.
Citizen of a country, being a student of one’s school, sports team

In-Groups & Out-groups
◉ OUT-GROUPS
▪ A social group toward which a person feels a sense of
competition or opposition
Other nationalities, Other schools, Other teams, other clubs
Reference Groups
▪ A social group that serves as a point of reference in
making evaluations and decisions
▪ Can be primary or secondary, as well as groups that
we do not belong to.
Like in the case of a person following fashion styles

described in a fashion magazine. Dancers who follow
theirs grooves from other dance groups.
Notes:
▪ Who we are does not come from thin air or out of

the vacuum.
▪ The groups we form and aspire to be with (or use as

reference point) have significant contribution to the
very person we want to build within.
Networks
▪ A group containing people who come into
occasional contact but who lack a sense of
boundaries and belonging (Macionis, 2012)
▪ “a set of relations, links, or ties, among social

actors” (Persell, 2008)
Illustration:
▪ You have a friend that has a friend who has a friend

that knows you. The second and third friend do not
necessarily know you. But because of this network,
it would be possible to know them all through the
connections or ties that bind you with them.
Networks
KINSHIP
◉Refers to human relationship, that is, a person’s relation by
blood or marriage to another person or others. It creates a
network of social relationship that are basic and essential in the
lives of most human in most societies.
KINSHIP BY BLOOD
◉Refers to relationship by descent, that is, the relationship that
arises in one’s group of origin (descent group) or that which refers
to genetic relatedness.
Kinds of Kinship by blood:

1. Consanguinity- a line of descent directly traceable from
ancestors.
2. Patrilineal- Kinship is reckoned through his/her father’s line.
3. Matrilineal- kinship is seen through his/her mother’s line.
KINSHIP BY MARRIAGE
◉A socially or ritually recognized union or legal contract
between spouses.
Kinds of kinship by marriage:

1. Endogamy- a partner must be selected from a person’s
own social social group.
2. Exogamy- a partner’s must be selected from a group
different from one’s own.
MONOGAMY AND POLYGAMY
◉MONOGAMY refers to the marriage of one woman to one
man at a time.
◉Polygamy is the custom of having more that one legal
spouse at the same time.
FAMILY AND HOUSEHOLD
◉FAMILY refers to a group of people living together and
functioning as a single household.
◉ it is the most important social unit in the society.

TYPES OF FAMILY
1. NUCLEAR- family group consisting of a pair of adults, and their
offspring, regardless of the number.
2. EXTENDED- family which extends beyond the immediate
family, the basic example of which is a married couple and his
children that live with either the husband or the wife’s parents.
3. RECONSTITUTED- family which is formed by joining the two
adults through marriage, cohabitation, or civil partnership, in
which either one or both of the adults have child/children from
a previous relationship living in their home.
ASSESSMENT activity
1. Why reciprocal relations is vital for a social group?
2. Are you in favor of (LDR) or cyberspace love relationship? Why

or why not?
3. Why is the Church considered as the “conscience of the

society”?
4. What do you prefer, SOCIAL GROUP OR SOCIAL ORGANIZATION.
Why?
LAS. “GROUPIE PHOTOS”
Direction: Print pictures you had with YOUR FAMILY doing varied
task or activities. Describe these pictures briefly and explain why
you are doing the task with the group.

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Forms and Functions

◉Members of a social group are always tied by a

◉ Primary & Secondary Groups

ex. Family, childhood friends, work-related peers, classmates

Clubs, Guilds, Unions, Alliances, Coalitions, Employment,

Kapamilya; Kapuso; Family where members are

Citizen of a country, being a student of one’s school, sports team

Like in the case of a person following fashion styles

▪ Who we are does not come from thin air or out of

▪ The groups we form and aspire to be with (or use as

▪ “a set of relations, links, or ties, among social

▪ You have a friend that has a friend who has a friend

Kinds of Kinship by blood:

Kinds of kinship by marriage:

◉ it is the most important social unit in the society.

2. Are you in favor of (LDR) or cyberspace love relationship? Why

3. Why is the Church considered as the “conscience of the

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