13 Data Handling

studythe following examples

us
which show the activities of children in Class 2in a school
throughout
Let theweek

Thisis what the children of Class 2 do inthe school I in a week

Eample1:
Beforeclass begins, they say ashort prayer every day.

(b)Thefirst periodis for English on all days of the week, except Friday when it istaught in the
secondperiod
Mathematicssis taught in the second period on Monday and Tuesday andinthe third
c
neriod on Wedhesday and Thursday. However on Friday,Mathematics is taught in the hrst
neriod. Pre-maths patterns are taught after the Maths class on Monday in the third period
a Eor the fourth and fifth period on Mondays, they have Smart Class.
i Every day. they have a short break at 9.45 am.
if There are 5periods every day.
Example2:
Period 4 5
3 9.45
Day
Smart Smart
Pattern
Prayer English Maths B
Monday Pre-Maths Class Class
Maths Art R Conversation Montessori
Tuesday Prayer English
English PE Maths Activity Activity
Wednesday Prayer
English Music Maths A Conversation Story telling
Thursday Prayer
Maths English Quiz K Dance Rhymes
Friday Prayer

In both the above examples, the information or data provided is about which subject is being
taught when, to a student in Class 2. Obviously the Timetable in Example 2 is far easier to read
and understand as the data has been aranged and presented properly. For us to make sense of
it, information needs to be presented wel.
The collection,sorting, arrangement and presentation of information is known as
Data Handling.
Reading and understanding data that has been presented using pictures and diagrams is even
easier.
204 New Guided Mathematics Class 4

PICTOGRAPHS AND BAR GRAPHS

Inthis chapter, we will learn about how data is represented using pictographs and bar graphs
Pictographs
We have learnt in our previous class that apictograph displays information using pictures.
Let us study few examples to have a clear understanding of pictographs.
Example 3: Given below is the number of cars sold by an automobile company in the first 3
months of 2017.

Month Number of Cars Sold From the pictograph, we can easily tell
January 2017 that:
1. In the month of January, the company
February 2017 sold 400 cars.
March 2017 2. In the month of February, the
Company sold 450cars.
=100cars 3. In the month of March, the company
=50 cars
sold 350 cars.

Example 4: Number of ice creams sold by a vendor over the first week of May 2017.
Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday
30 45 20 50 45 80 75

Day Number of ice creams sold

Monday

Tuesday
Wednesday
Thursday

Friday

Saturday

Sunday
= 10 ice creams =5 ice creams
 Orta Hondling 05

Answers
whichday werethe maximum number of lce ctearns sold Saturday
aw malny ice creams Were sold on Monday?
whichday were the least number of ice creams sold? Wednesda/
manyice creams were sold on Friday?
How 45
4
aw malny ice cteams were sold on Saturday and Sunday altogether? 155

Eample5: The pictograph shows number of rides taken by children in an arnusernent park
Title: Rides in an Amusement Park
Merry-go-round

Giantwheel

Tilt-a-whirl

Toytrain

Noah's Ark

Dodgem cars

Each smiley represents 10 children.

Answers

I Which was the most popular ride? Giant wheel

2. Which was the least popular ride? Toy Train

3. How many children rode the Tilt-a-whirl? 90
4. How many more children rode the Dodgem cars than the Noah's ark? 40

5. How many children rode the Toy train and the Noah's ark altogether? 70

Bar Graph
Just like pictographs, abar graph is also used to display information. In a bar graph,
information is shown using rectangular bars.
There are two types of Bar Graphs--Vertical Bar Graph and Horizontal Bar Graph.
Let us see the following example to understand bar graphs.
Example 6: Number of ice creams sold by a vendor over the first week of May 2017.

Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday

30 45 20 50 45 80 75
206 New Guided Mahematics Class 4

To construct a bar graph, we need tohave ascale for reference. The scale needs to have
graduations marking the quantities to be shown. In this case, we can have one graduation
representing 10 ice creams sold. The different bars for the different days of the week will be as
long as the number of ice creams sold. More the ice creams sold, longer the bar will be. The
top ofeach bar must be in line with the correct number of ice creams on the scale. For extra
5bars of ice cream sold,the bar will be longer by half amark on the graduated scale.

Title: Ice creams sold in the first week of May 2017

90

80

70
60
creams
50

ice 40
of
Number
20

10

Davs of the week

This is an example of vertical bar graph. In this vertical bar graph,

1. The title tells us about the information being displayed.
2. 'Number of ice creams' is the label on vertical scale.
3. Days of the week' is the label on the horizontal scale.

lust like the given pictograph in Example 4, we can read any information using a bar graph.
The bar graph gives us the following information.
| Most number of ice creams were soldon Saturday, i.e. 80 ice creams.
2 Least number of ice creams were sold on Wednesday, i.e. 20 ice creams
3 Same number of ice creams were sold on Tuesday and Friday. ie 45 each
A After Saturday, maximum number of ice creams were sold on
Sunday, ie. 75 ice creams.
 Data Handing 207
issan exampleeof
Following a horizontal bar
graph.
Eample7:Llook at the bar graph showing the number marks obtained by five students in a
mathematicstest.

Title: Marks scored in a Mathematics test

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Preeti

Cheryl

Maya
Students

Ruksana

Jasmeet

50 60 70 80 90 100
10 20 30 40

Marks scored

Answers

Marks scored in a Mathematics Test

1. What is the title of this bar graph?
Students
2. What does the vertical scale represent?
Marks scored
3. What does the horizontal scale represent
test? Maya
4. Who scored the highest marks in the
the test? Ruksana
5. Who scored the lowest marks in
Preetiand Jasmeet
6. Which two students scored
the same?
Ruksana? Cheryl
1. Who scored more -Cheryl or
much more than Ruksana's?
25
0. Maya's score was how
208 New Guided Mathematics Class 4

Exercise 13.1
. Construct apictograph and abar graph to display the following information:
Stock of flowers in LaFragranté boutique
Roses Dahlias Sunflowers Gladioli
150 90 140 120

Z. The following bar graph displavs the number of hours of sunshine recorded in Darjeeling
last week. With the information from the bar graph. answer the following
questions.
(a) What is being displayed along the horizontal scale?
(b) What does the vertical scale
represent?
A
Title: Hours of sunshine in Darjeeling last week
8

hours
ofNumber
5

Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday

Sunday
Days of the week
(c) What is the title of the above bar graph?
(d) On which day was the maximum sunshine recorded?
(e) On which day was the sky completely overcast with
clouds?
(E) How many hours of sunshine was recorded on Saturday?
(g) Which day was sunny-Wednesday or Sunday?
(h) How many hoursof sunshine was recorded in
Darjeeling last week?
 Data Handling 209

RevisionExercise
pictographto show how Anirban spent his ?300 allowance last month You may use a
Make a
simplecoinnto represent every 10 that Anirban spent.

Allowance spent during last month

755 745 90 725 65 20
Scrapbook Chocolates Gift for friend's birthday lce cream Frisbee Saved

Construct a pictograph and a bar graph to display the following information:

2.
Pizzas sold in ChatPat Café over the first week of September 2017
Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday
10 15 10 30 35
5

In aGeneral Knowledge quiz, five students were asked to answer 10 guestions. Their sCore is
displayed in the following bar graph.
Title: G.K.score of students

6
answers
Correct
5

Tejas Shreya Nalini Shruti Ankit

Students

Observe the given bar graph and answer the questions below.
(a) Who has given the least number of correct answers?
(b) Who has given the maximum number of correct answers?
Shruti?
(C) How many more correct answers were given by Shreya as compared to
to Nalini?
(a) How many less correct answers were given by Tejas as compared
210 New Guided Mathematics Class 4

Subject Integration
This page integrates Maths to Ats and Craft.
Objective: To use data handling knowledge and
artistic skills

Materials required: Paper, colour pencils, ruler

Assignment I: Look at the colour grid and count the
number of squares of each colour using tally marks.

Steps:
1. Start counting from the first row of
colours. To 2. Use the tally chart made on the leftto
avoid counting the same square twice, be sure to
cross out the square you have already counted. colour the bars of the column graph in
yellow, green, pink and blue.
Colour No. of squares Total 140
130
Yellow
65 120
110
Number
ofsquares
100
Green
90
80
Pink 70
60
50
Blue 40
30
Total number of squares in the grid above 20
10
Yellow Green Pink Blue
Colours
Assignment 2: Look at the column graph to see how many squares are there of
the sarne amount to create an artwWork of your own! each colour and use
 211

practiceTestiPaper2
planefaces are
HOw
many there in acone?
2 Howmanylines of symmetry can you drawthroughthe following?
(a)
Anoval
(b) Asquare () The letter 'A
planefaces are their in acuboid?
Howmany
3
The.moon seems to change shape every night. Shown below are four phases of the rnoon Are all
4 the
shapessymmetrical??lf yes, draw lines of symmetry.

Observethe pattern and write what should come next.

5 BY2 CX3 DW4
(a)AZ] EV5 FU6 GT7 HS8

(b)01 002 0003 04 005 0006 07 008

(c) 60 120 180 240 300 360 420 480

(d)910 801 710 601 510 401 310 201

figures.
k Measure the length ofthe line segment AB in each of the following
(b) B
(c)
(a
A D

A B
A B

AB =
AB=
AB =

7. Construct a circle of radius 8cm using a compass.

8. Convert the following into the required units. (C) 4 4 ml into m
(b) 13 m 13 cm intO cm
(a) 1 km 450 m intO m
How much
carrying a suitcase weighing 13 kg 750 g and a bag weighing 7kg 75 g.
9. Aporter is
weight is the porter carrying in all? Rimi's height?
height isIm 25cm. If Rama is 29 cm taller than Rimi, what is
10. Rama's 6 such glasses?
can contain 235 ml of water. how much water can be poured into
I Ifa glass
units.
12 Convert the following into the required weeks 4 days into days (c) 2 days 3 hours into hours
months (b) 3
la) 5years 3 months into At what time does Suresh
wake up?
and sleeps for 7 h 45 min.
10:30p.m.
D Suresh goes to sleep at