Speed Control of Permanent Magnet (PM)DC Motor

Using Arduino And LabVIEW

Angalaeswari. S
Amit Kumar
Assistant Professor,
School of Electrical Engineering
School of Electrical Engineering
VIT University, Chennai Campus
VIT University, Chennai Campus
Tamilnadu, India.
Tamilnadu, India.
[email protected]
[email protected]
Shubham Bhadoriya
Divyanshu Kumar
School of Electrical Engineering
School of Electrical Engineering
VIT University, Chennai Campus
VIT University, Chennai Campus
Tamilnadu, India.
Tamilnadu, India.
[email protected]
[email protected]

Abstract— In this paper, the speed control of economical as well as engineering advantage over mechanical
Permanent Magnet DC (PMDC) motor is done using Lab speed control. The speed of the motor can be controlled by
VIEW interfaced with Arduino. The main advantage of three methods that are- 1. Terminal voltage control, 2.
using Lab VIEW with Arduino is the cost and simple in Armature rheostat control method and 3. Flux control
structure. The other speed control methods like FPGA method. Here in this paper, terminal voltage control method
method, fuzzy control, using 555 timer and PID is employed. Here we are trying to control the speed and
controllers are having the drawback of complicated direction of permanent magnet DC motor using the
design involved, unreliable control, difficult in the online interfacing devices like Arduino with Lab VIEW.
monitoring with high speed motors. These draw backs The speed of a DC motor is controlled using
motivated us to work on Lab VIEW with Arduino. The LabVIEW using Pulse width Modulation signals [1]. By
simulation part is done in Proteus software to validate the varying the duty cycles of the signals, the speed is varied. The
results. Different interfacing software like LIFA and authors [2] used the PID controller in the feedback interface
LINX is used to interface Lab VIEW and Arduino. The with Lab VIEW and Arduino board. The results from the
results prove that the speed control of PMDC motor can closed loop system prove that the speed of the dc motor can
be effectively done with this setup. The speed control of be controlled effectively and maintain the stability of the
servo motor and stepper motor can also be done with the system.
same module. The application of speed control is required PWM based speed control of DC motor is done in
in home automation, crane operation, conveyor belt [3]. Micro controller AT89S52 has been used to generate
operation, changing the direction of motor in forward and PWM pulses.555IC is also employed to sense the speed of
reverse operation etc. DC motor. The authors [4] used H bridge for controlling the
direction and 555 timer for controlling the speed. By varying
Keywords— Arduino Uno, DC Motor, 555 IC, LabVIEW, the PMW signals duty cycle, the speed control is achieved.
LIFA, LINX, Proteus Stimulation.
By using the feedback control, speed monitoring is done
I. INTRODUCTION based on IR pair interrupt monitoring system [5].The authors
used arduino board for sensing the speed and this method is
DC Motor is considered as an important component implemented in C# environment.
in area of research, industry and laboratory experiments The authors [6] propose a method of speed control
because of its simplicity, low cost and efficiency. Any given which uses LabVIEW and PID controller for controlling the
piece of industrial equipment may have its speed change or speed of DC motor. It is achieved by using arduino board.
adjusted mechanically by means of step pulley, sets of change Using DAQ (Data Acquisition board, the open loop speed
gears, variable speed friction clutch mechanics and other control system is developed in LabVIEW virtual
mechanical devices. The electrical speed control has much environment.

978-1-5090-0612-0/16/$31.00 ©2016 IEEE

 2016 IEEE International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Computing Research

Arduino primarily work as the interfacing device II. CONTROLLING USING 555IC
that digitizes incoming analog signals to digital signals for The 555 Timer IC is an integrated circuit used in
LabVIEW to interpret it and interface with the given device. variety of timer, pulse generation and oscillator applications.
These DC motors finds itself in wide range of application as The 555 IC can be used to provide time delays, as an
for Home Automation like by controlling direction of the oscillator, and as a flip-flop element. Table 1 gives the
motor, we can easily open and close the window curtains, specifications of 555IC. Figure 2 describes the simulation
doors etc. and by controlling and monitoring the speed of the diagram of 555IC in TINA software and figure 3 gives the pin
motor in LabVIEW we find its application in Rolling mills, configuration of 555IC.
Overhead Cranes and Traction; drives for processing
Table1. Specifications of 555IC
industry, Battery driven vehicles, machine tools which
require precise speed control. The block diagram of the Parameters Values
motion control system proposed in this paper is given in
Supply Voltage(Vcc) 4.5 to 15V
Figure 1.
In this paper, Section I discusses the introduction of the 3 - 6 mA,10-
Supply Current(@Vcc=5V,@15V)
paper. Section II includes the controlling of DC Motor using 15mA
555 IC. Section III gives the basics of proportional integral
Power Consumption 30mW for 5V
and derivative control using Arduino and its Proteus
simulation. Section IV gives the overview of an Operating temperature 0 to 75°C
Arduino and interfacing LabVIEW with Arduino. Section V
discusses about the hardware description and results. Section
VI gives the conclusion.
Application software: Application software used to
command target positions and motion control profiles.
Motion controller: The motion controller acts as brain of
the system by taking the desired target positions and motion
profiles and creating the trajectories for the motors to follow.
Amplifier or drive: Amplifiers(also called drives) take the
commands from the controller and generate the current
required to drive or turn the motor. Fig 2. Simulation diagram in TINA software

Feedback devices or position sensors : A position

feedback devices is not required for some motion control
application(such as controlling stepper motor),but is vital for
servo motors.It senses the motor position and report the result
to the controller.

Position Voltage Current

App Motion Amp/

Controller Motor Mechanical
Software Drive
Fig 3. Pin configuration of 555IC

Feedback device
In the above circuit, the 555IC is operating on astable
mode. In this mode of operation, circuit work as pulse width
Position Feedback
modulator. The frequency of operating circuit is provided by
passive element resistance and capacitance. The resistance
Fig 1 Block diagram of a motion control system between the pin 7 and pin 8, between the pin6 and pin 7 and
the capacitance between pin 2 and the ground determine the
.
frequency of operation and the duty cycle of the 555 IC. By
changing the value of variable resistor, we can change the duty
 2016 IEEE International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Computing Research

cycle. Hence by using this concept, we are giving less power Table 2. Specifications of Arduino –UNO
to the motor. It is the simple and easiest way of controlling the
speed of the motor. It requires very low cost. But this cannot PARAMETER VALUE
used for high rating DC machines for controlling the speed.
OPERATING VOLTAGE 5V
III. ARDUINO UNO BOARD
INPUT VOLTAGE(RECOMMENDED) 7-12V
The Arduino Uno board is a microcontroller board
based on the Atmel series and it has ATmega328 controller. It
DC CCURRENT PER I/O PIN 20MA
has 10 bit analog to digital converter. It has 14 digital
input/output pins (of which 6 can be used as PWM outputs), 6
DC CCURRENT PER 3.3V PIN 50MA
analog inputs, a 16 MHz quartz crystal, a USB connection, a
power jack, an ICSP header, and a reset button. It is easy to
FLASH MEMORY 32 KB (ATMEGA328P)
operate than other microcontroller as its coding is based on ‘c’
program logic.
SRAM 2 KB (ATMEGA328)
The Uno differs from all preceding boards in that it does
not use the FTDI USB-to-serial driver chip. Instead, it features EEPROM 1 KB (ATMEGA328)
the Atmega16U2 (Atmega8U2 up to version R2) programmed
as a USB to serial converter given in figure 4. CLOCK SPEED 16 MHZ

B. Using PWM on an Arduino Pulse

Pulse width modulation (PWM) or pulse
duration modulation is a modulation technique that confirms
the width of the pulse, the pulse duration, based on modulator
signal information. Although this modulation technique can

Fig 4. Arduino Uno board

The specifications of Arduino Uno are given in table 2.

IV. PROTEUS DESIGN SUITE

The Proteus Design Suite is an Electronic Design
Automation (EDA) tool including schematic capture,
stimulation and PCB layout modules. It is used for both the
stimulation of designs and as the design phase of a PCB
Layout project. The microcontroller stimulation in Proteus
works by applying either a hex file or a debug file to the Fig 5. Simulation using L298
microcontroller part on the schematic. It is then co-stimulated
be used to encode information for transmission, its main use
along with any analog and digital electronics connected to it.
is to allow the control of power supplied to electrical devices,
This enables its used in a broad spectrum of project
especially to inertial loads such as motor. The supply signal
prototyping in areas such as motor control, temperature
consists of an impulse train of voltages pulses such that the
control and user interface design. In the given figure 5, we
width of individual pulses controls the effective voltage level
used L298 motor driver for controlling the speed of the
to the load. Both AC and DC signals can be simulated with
motor.
PWM. The PWM pulse train acts like a DC signal when
A. Using PWM on an Arduino Pulse devices that receive the signal have an electromechanical
Pulse width modulation (PWM) or pulse response time that is slower than the frequency of the pulses.
duration modulation is a modulation technique that confirms For a DC motor, the energy storage in the motor windings
the width of the pulse, the pulse duration, based on modulator effectively smooth’s out the energy bursts delivered by the
signal information. Although this modulation technique can input pulses so that the motor experiences a lesser or greater
 2016 IEEE International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Computing Research

electrical power input depending on the widths of the pulses. PWM output level = 255 τ0/τc --------------------- (2)
The formula below shows the voltage signal comprised of Therefore PWM output level = 255 veff /vs
pulses of duration τ0 that repeat every τc units of time. The Since vs =5v, therefore PWM out level=255 veff /5.
output of a PWM channel is either Vs volt during the pulse or
zero volts otherwise. If this signal is supplied as input to a
B. LabVIEW Interface for Arduino (LIFA)
device that has a response time much larger than τc, the device
A sketch for the Arduino microcontroller acts as an I/O engine
will experience the signal as an approximately DC input with
that interfaces with the LabVIEW VI is through a serial
an effective voltage.
connection. This helps to move information from Arduino to
LabVIEW without adjusting the communication,
Veff =Vs τ0/τc ----------------------- (1) synchronization or even a single line of code. Using the Open,
Read/Write, Close convention in Lab VIEW, we can
τ0 = τc is called the duty cycle of the square wave pulses. The access the digital, analog and pulse width modulated signals of
effective DC voltage supplied to the load is the Arduino microcontroller. The Arduino
controlled by adjusting the duty cycle. The term duty cycle microcontroller must be connected to the computer with the
describes the proportion of ‘on’ time to the regular interval or LabVIEW through a USB, Serial, or Bluetooth.
‘period’ of time. An Arduino Uno board has 14 digital
input/output (I/O) pins. Conventional, i.e., not PWM, C. LVH-LINX
operation of the digital I/O pins is controlled with the pin LINX is an open source project by Digilent and is designed to
Mode, digital Read and digital Write functions. The pin Mode make it easy to develop embedded applications using Lab
function is used to configure a pin as an input or output. When VIEW. LINX provides a unified LabVIEW API for
a digital I/O pin is configured as an input, digital Read reads interfacing with common embedded platform such as
the state of the pin, which will be either HIGH or LOW. In an chipKIT, Arduino, myRIO and more. LINX’s hardware
Arduino sketch, HIGH is a predefined constant that is abstraction layer provides support for hardware peripherals as
evaluated as “true" in a conditional expression, and is well as common sensors and enables the same code to
equivalent to a numerical value of 1. Electrically, a value of interface with a chipKIT or Arduino and run heedlessly on
HIGH means the pin voltage is close to 5 V. Similarly, the myRIO with no modification. LINX includes VIs for over 30
constant LOW is interpreted as “false" in conditional of the most common embedded sensors as well as hardware
expressions, it is numerically equivalent to 0, and electrically agnostic APIs for accessing peripherals like digital I/O,
the pin voltage is 0. When a digital I/O pin is configured for analog I/O, PWM, I2C, SPI, and UART.
output, digital Write is used to set the pin voltage to HIGH or
V.HARDWARE DESCRIPTION AND RESULTS
LOW. It will give out 5Vwhen it is set as HGH and give 0V
when set as LOW. On an Arduino Uno, PWM output is The program started by making the while loop on the
possible on digital I/O pins 3, 5, 6, 9, 10 and 11. On these pins block diagram and initializing the Arduino connection to
the analog Write function is used to set the duty cycle of a LabVIEW interface for Arduino sketch. The tools required can
PWM pulse train that operates at approximately 500 Hz. be found in the Arduino palette (available after installing
LIFA package or LINX package) .LINX package is better than
Thus, with a frequency of fc = 500 Hz, the period is τc
LIFA package this package include wide variety of sensors
= 1/fc ~2ms. As with conventional digital I/O, the pin Mode
and include wide variety of board that we can use for
function must be called first to configure the digital pin for
interfacing with LabVIEW.
output. The digital output voltage of an Arduino Uno is either
0 V or 5 V. Thus, in Equation 1, Vs = 5 V. The PWM After initializing the Arduino board, we have to
output level with the analog Write is an 8-bit value that define the pin mode which we taken as input and output. After
corresponds to an effective voltage range of 0 to 5 V. defining the pin mode we have to select the pin in the front
panel in which we have to connect the motor. By using of
different logic gates I set up two control buttons in front panel
by using this user can control the direction of motor. For
controlling the speed of the motor at first we have to connect
the any PWM pin of Arduino to the PWM pin of L298 and
define the same pin on the front panel. Duty cycle can be
Fig 6. Pulse Width modulation graph varied from 0-100% by varying the user controlled interactive
 2016 IEEE International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Computing Research

graphical tank on the front panel. The block diagram of system LabVIEW, user has an option to choose different board and
software and hardware are given in figure 7. the response is faster than LIFA base.
These VI’s will be burnt in the Arduino
microcontroller using LIFA_ Base and interfaced with the dc
motor. Graphical user interface created by the LabVIEW is
extremely pleasing and user friendly. By using this, a user can

Algorithm Software Software

Design Implementation test

System System System System

specification Design Integration test

Logic and Hardware Board

Fig 10. Front panel using LINX
circuit Design verification Design
At first, user have to set the port in which the
Fig 7.Block diagram of system software and hardware
microcontroller is connected .Then select the board after
control the dc motor by seating on the laptop and control and than by clicking run button, user have to run the program .
monitor the speed of the motor. Figure 8 and 9 shows the front After that by clicking on the forward direction, motor should
panel block diagram of the open loop system in LabVIEW be on. By varying the horizontal fill slider, user can vary the
respectively. We can use either tachometer or optical encoder speed of the motor so this program is quite simple and easy.
for measuring the speed and can be verified with the hardware
results.

Fig 11. Block diagram of LINX

Fig 8. Front panel of open loop system

Fig 9. Block diagram of open Loop System (LIFA Base)

The front panel and block diagram of open loop system in

LIFA base are presented in figure 10 and 11. We use LINX as
it acts as an interfacing medium between Arduino and Fig 12. Hardware setup
 2016 IEEE International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Computing Research

VI. CONCLUSIONS [3] Khan Masoom Raza, Mohd. Kamil, Pushpendra Kumar “speed
Control of DC Motor by using PWM”, International Journal of
The method adopted in this paper is low cost Advanced Research in Computer and Communication
Engineering Vol. 5, Issue 4, pp.no.307-309, April 2016.
technique of controlling the speed of the motor and the
direction of the motor. Here, we used the microcontroller [4] N.Bagyalakshmi, R.Abinaya “Speed and Direction Control of DC
Motor Without using Microcontroller” International Journal of
(Arduino Uno) which plays the role of Data acquisition
Advanced Research in Electrical, Electronics and Instrumentation
system. The speed can be sensed by using tachometer or using Engineering, Volume 5, Special Issue 1, pp.no.1-5,March 2016.
optical encoder for verification purposes. The method
implemented in this paper can be used in various industrial [5] Prithviraj R. Shetti, Ashok G. Mangave “DC Motor Speed Control
with Feedback Monitor based on C# Application” International
applications and this method is quite cheap and helps in
Journal of Research In Engineering And Technology, Volume: 03
maintain the stability of the system. Issue: 03 ,pp.No.398-401, Mar-2014.
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