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Lecture 6 CSC1261

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Lecture 6 CSC1261

Uploaded by

muaiadahmed81
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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CSC1261 Computer Programming in C

Class: Year 1 CEGE (Civil Engineering)

Lecture #6: Arrays

Department of Computer and Software Engineering

16/09/2024 – 20/12/2024

Richard Mugisha
Course Plan (Provisional)
• Week 1: No Lecture due EPT
• Week 2: No Lecture due to EPT
• Week 3: Lecture #0 + Lecture #1
• Week 4: Lecture #2
• Week 5: Lab #1
• Week 6: Lecture #3 + Lecture #4
• Week 7: Lecture #5 + Lecture #6
• Week 8: Lab #2
• Week 9: Lecture #7
• Week 10: Lecture #8 + Lecture #9
• Week 11: Lab #3
• Week 12: Lecture #10 (Course Summary/Repetition)
• Week 13: Self Study
• Week 14: Self Study
Richard Mugisha
ARRAYS

Chapter 6
Introduction
• Arrays are data structures that hold multiple variables of the
same data type, stored in a consecutive memory location in
common heading.
• Array is a set of similar data (homogeneous data items)
that shares the common name.
• The individual values in the array are called as elements.
• An array lets you declare and work with a collection of values
of the same type.
For Example
• For example, you might want to create a collection of five
integers.

• One way to do it would be to declare five integers directly:


• int a, b, c, d, e;

• This is okay, but what if you needed a thousand integers?


• An easier way is to declare an array of five integers:
• int a[5];
• The five separate integers inside this array are accessed by
an index.
• All arrays start at index zero and go to n-1 in C.
For Example
For example
int a[5];

a[0] = 12;
a[1] = 9;
a[2] = 14;
a[3] = 5;
a[4] = 1;
Declaring arrays
• Arrays are declared along with all other
variables in the declaration section of the
program.
• Defining the type of array,
➢ Name of the array,
➢ Number of subscripts (whether is one or multi-
dimensional)
For example

/* Introducing array's */
#include <stdio.h>
main()
{
int numbers[100];
numbers[2] = 10;
//numbers[2];
printf("The 3rd element of array numbers is %d\n",
numbers[2]);
}
Assigning initial values to arrays

• The declaration is preceded by the word


"static". (Initialization is preceded by the
word "static" but this one is optional)
• The initial values are enclosed in braces
For example
E.g:
#include <stdio.h>
main()
{
int x;
static int values[] = { 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9 };
//static char word[] = { 'H','e','l','l','o' };
for( x = 0; x < 9; x ++ )
printf("Values [%d] is %d\n", x, values[x]);
}

• Sample Program Output


• Values[0] is 1
• Values[1] is 2 ....
• Values[8] is 9
Average of age of 6 students
• #include<stdio.h>

• main()
• {
• int age[6];
• float sum;
• int count;
• float avg;
•
• for (count =0; count <6; count++)
• {
• printf("Enter age of the student %d:", count);
• scanf("%d", &age[count]);
• }
• sum=0;
• {
• for (count=0; count < 6; count ++)
• sum = sum+age[count];
• }
• avg=sum/6;
• printf("The average age of the class is %f. \n", avg);
•
• }
• N.B: -
✓ Array whose elements are specified by one subscript
are called one dimensional array or single
dimensional array.
✓ The maximum size of the array is 200 elements. If you
avail more than the declared size then the compiler will
treat only the first n elements as significant.
✓ The subscript used to declare an array is sometimes
called a dimension and the declaration for the array is
often referred to as dimensioning.
✓ The dimension used to declare an array must always
be a positive integer constant, or an expression that
can be evaluated to a constant when the program is
compiled
Multi Dimensioned Arrays

• Multi-dimensional arrays have two or more


index values, which specify the element in the
array.
➢ multi[i][j] // Two dimensional Array

• The first index value i specifies a row


index, whilst j specifies a column index.
Declaration and Calculations
• Declaration and initializing of two dimensional Array
– int m1[10][10];
– static int m2[2][2] = { {0,1}, {2,3} };
– sum = m1[i][j] + m2[k][l];

• NOTE: The strange way that the initial values have


been assigned to the two-dimensional array m2. Inside
the braces are,
– { 0, 1 },{ 2, 3 }

• Looking at the initial values assigned to m2, they are,


– m2[0][0] = 0 m2[0][1] = 1
– m2[1][0] = 2 m2[1][1] = 3
• Now, consider the following array declaration:
int values[3][4] ={1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12};
• The result of this initial assignment is as follows:
values[0][0]=1 values[0][1]=2
values[0][2]=3 values[0][3]=4
values[1][0]=5 values[1][1]=6
values[1][2]=7 values[1][3]=8
values[2][0]=9 values[2][1]=10
values[2][2]=11 values[2][3]=12
• This, can be initialized by forming groups of initials
values enclosed within braces
• int values[3][4] ={{1,2,3,4},{5,6,7,8},{9,10,11,12}};
#include<stdio.h>
main(){
int a[4][4];
int i,j;
printf("Enter the 4*4 Matrix\n");
printf(" \n");
for(i = 0 ; i < 4 ; i++)
for(j = 0 ; j < 4 ; j++)
scanf("%d", &a[i][j]);
printf("The matrix entered is:\n");
for(i = 0 ; i < 4 ; i++){
for(j = 0 ; j < 4 ; j++){
printf("%d", a[i][j]) ;
printf("\t");
}
printf("\n");
}
}
• While initializing a two dimensional array, it
is necessary to mention the second (column)
dimension,
• The first dimension (row) is optional.
• Thus, the declarations given below are
perfectly acceptable.
➢ int arr[3][4]
={1,2,3,4,2,3,4,5,5,6,4,5};
➢ int arr[ ][4] ={1,2,3,4,2,3,4,5,5,6,4,5};
Write a program to sort the numbers in
Example: ascending order by comparison method
»

#include <stdio.h> for(j=i+1;j<n;j++){


main() if(a[i]>a[j]){
{ temp=a[i];
int i,j,temp,a[10],n;
a[i]=a[j];
printf("\n Enter how
many numbers to a[j]=temp;
sort:"); }
scanf("%d",&n);
}
printf("Enter
numbers: \n",a[i]); }
for(i=0;i<n;i++) printf("\n The
scanf("%d",&a[i]); numbers in
for(i=0;i<n-1;i++) ascending order:
{ ",a[i]);
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
printf("%d \t",a[i]);
}
CSC1261 Computer Programming in C

Class: Year 1 CEGE (Civil Engineering)

Lecture #6: Arrays

Department of Computer and Software Engineering

16/09/2024 – 20/12/2024

Richard Mugisha

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