What is Cloud Computing

❑ Cloud refers to a network or the internet. Cloud computing is defined as the

use of hosted services, such as data storage, servers, databases, networking,
and software over the internet

❑ It is a technology that uses remote servers on the internet to store, manage,

and access data online rather than local drives. The data can be anything such
as files, images, documents, audio, video, and more.

There are the following operations that we can do using cloud computing:

• Developing new applications and services • Analysis of data

• Storage, back up, and recovery of data • Streaming videos and audios

• Hosting blogs and websites

• Delivery of software on demand

 Why Cloud Computing?

In that server room, there should be a database server, mail server, networking,
firewalls, routers, modem, switches, QPS (Query Per Second means how much
queries or load will be handled by the server), configurable system, high net speed,
and the maintenance engineers. To establish such IT infrastructure, we need to spend
lots of money
Characteristics of Cloud Computing
Characteristics of Cloud Computing
Advantages of Cloud Computing
 Disadvantages of Cloud Computing

1) Internet Connectivity: If you do not have good internet connectivity, you cannot
access these data. However, we have no any other way to
access data from the cloud.

2) Vendor As different vendors provide different platforms, that can

lock-in cause difficulty moving from one cloud to another

Cloud infrastructure is completely owned, managed, and

3) Limited Control monitored by the service provider, so the cloud users have less
control over the function and execution of services within a
cloud infrastructure

4) Security You will be sending all your organization's sensitive

information to a third party, i.e., a cloud computing service
provider
Cloud migration is essentially the process of moving your digital assets, like applications,
data, and IT resources, from an on-premises setting (your own servers) to a cloud
provider's infrastructure.

Think of it like swapping out your traditional home computer for a powerful online
service like Google Drive or Microsoft Office 365.
 Benefits of Cloud Migration

• Increased Agility and Scalability

• Reduced Costs

• Improved Security and Disaster Recovery

• Enhanced Collaboration and Accessibility

E.g. Take a small travel agency using an on-premises booking system

Seven-step model of migration into a Cloud
Seven-step model of migration into a Cloud
 How does cloud computing work

In a cloud computing system, there is a significant workload shift. Local

computers have no longer to do all the heavy lifting when it comes to run
applications. But cloud computing can handle that much heavy load easily and
automatically. Hardware and software demands on the user's side decrease. The
only thing the user's computer requires to be able to run is the cloud computing
interface software of the system, which can be as simple as a Web browser and the
cloud's network takes care of the rest.
 Cloud Computing Architecture

Cloud computing architecture is a combination of service-oriented

architecture and event-driven architecture.
Cloud Service Models

Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)

Platform as a Service (PaaS)
Software as a Service (SaaS)
 Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
• It is a computing infrastructure managed over the internet.

• The main advantage of using IaaS is that it helps users to avoid the cost and
complexity of purchasing and managing the physical servers.

Characteristics of IaaS

• Resources are available as a service

• Services are highly scalable

• Dynamic and flexible

• GUI and API-based access

• Automated administrative tasks

Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)

Examples

• DigitalOcean, Linode,
• Amazon Web Services (AWS),
• Microsoft Azure,
• Google Compute Engine (GCE),
• Rackspace, and Cisco Metacloud.
 Advantages of IaaS cloud computing layer
1. Shared infrastructure
IaaS allows multiple users to share the same physical infrastructure.

2. Web access to the resources

Iaas allows IT users to access resources over the internet.

3. Pay-as-per-use model
IaaS providers provide services based on the pay-as-per-use basis. The users are
required to pay for what they have used.

4. Focus on the core business

IaaS providers focus on the organization's core business rather than on IT
infrastructure.

5. On-demand scalability
On-demand scalability is one of the biggest advantages of IaaS. Using IaaS, users do
not worry about to upgrade software and troubleshoot the issues related to hardware
components.
 Disadvantages of IaaS cloud computing layer

1. Security
Security is one of the biggest issues in IaaS. Most of the IaaS providers are not able to
provide 100% security.

2. Maintenance & Upgrade

Although IaaS service providers maintain the software, but they do not upgrade the software
for some organizations.

3. Interoperability issues
It is difficult to migrate VM from one IaaS provider to the other, so the customers might
face problem related to vendor lock-in.
 Platform as a Service
• Platform as a Service (PaaS) provides a runtime environment.

• It allows programmers to easily create, test, run, and deploy web applications.

• You can purchase these applications from a cloud service provider on a

pay-as-per use basis and access them using the Internet connection.

• In PaaS, back end scalability is managed by the cloud server a pay-as-per use
basis and access them using the Internet connection.

• PaaS includes infrastructure (servers, storage, and networking) and platform

(middleware, development tools, database management systems, business
intelligence, and more) to support the web application life cycle.

Example: Google App Engine, Force.com, Joyent, Azure.

Platform as a Service
 Platform as a Service
1. Programming languages
PaaS providers provide various programming languages for the developers to
develop the applications. Some popular programming languages provided by PaaS
providers are Java, PHP, Ruby, Perl, and Go.

2. Application frameworks
PaaS providers provide application frameworks to easily understand the application
development. Some popular application frameworks provided by PaaS providers are
Node.js, Drupal, Joomla, WordPress, Spring, Play, Rack, and Zend.

3. Databases
PaaS providers provide various databases such as ClearDB, PostgreSQL, MongoDB,
and Redis to communicate with the applications.

4. Other tools
PaaS providers provide various other tools that are required to develop, test, and
deploy the applications.
 Advantages of Platform as a Service

1) Simplified Development
PaaS allows developers to focus on development and innovation without worrying about
infrastructure management.
2) Lower risk
No need for up-front investment in hardware and software. Developers only need a PC and
an internet connection to start building applications.
3) Prebuilt business functionality
Some PaaS vendors also provide already defined business functionality so that users can
avoid building everything from very scratch and hence can directly start the projects only
.
4) Instant community
PaaS vendors frequently provide online communities where the developer can get the ideas
to share experiences and seek advice from others.
5) Scalability
Applications deployed can scale from one to thousands of users without any changes to the
applications.
 Disadvantages of Platform as a Service

1) Vendor lock-in
One has to write the applications according to the platform provided by the PaaS vendor,
so the migration of an application to another PaaS vendor would be a problem.

2) Data Privacy
Corporate data, whether it can be critical or not, will be private, so if it is not located
within the walls of the company, there can be a risk in terms of privacy of data.

3) Integration with the rest of the systems applications

It may happen that some applications are local, and some are in the cloud. So there will
be chances of increased complexity when we want to use data which in the cloud with
the local data.
 Disadvantages of Platform as a Service

1) Vendor lock-in
One has to write the applications according to the platform provided by the PaaS vendor,
so the migration of an application to another PaaS vendor would be a problem.

2) Data Privacy
Corporate data, whether it can be critical or not, will be private, so if it is not located
within the walls of the company, there can be a risk in terms of privacy of data.

3) Integration with the rest of the systems applications

It may happen that some applications are local, and some are in the cloud. So there will
be chances of increased complexity when we want to use data which in the cloud with
the local data.
Platform as a Service
Platform as a Service
 Software as a Service

• SaaS is also known as "On-Demand Software".

• It is a software distribution model in which services are hosted by a
cloud service provider.
• These services are available to end-users over the internet so, the
end-users do not need to install any software on their devices to
access these services.

Example: Slack, Samepage, Box

Software as a Service
• Business Services - SaaS Provider provides various business services to
start-up the business. The SaaS business services include ERP (Enterprise
Resource Planning), CRM (Customer Relationship Management), billing,
and sales.

• Document Management - SaaS document management is a software

application offered by a third party (SaaS providers) to create, manage, and
track electronic documents.

• Social Networks - Social networking sites are used by the general public, so
social networking service providers use SaaS for their convenience and handle the
general public's information.

• Mail Services - To handle the unpredictable number of users and load on e-mail
services, many e-mail providers offering their services using SaaS.
 Advantages of SaaS
1) SaaS is easy to
buy
2. One to
Many
3. Less hardware required for
SaaS
4. Low maintenance required for SaaS

5. No special software or hardware versions

required

6. Multidevice support

7. API
Integration

8. No client-side installation
 Disadvantages of SaaS
1)
Security

2) Latency issue

3) Total Dependency on Internet

4) Switching between SaaS vendors is

difficult
Popular SaaS Providers
Cloud Computing Applications