Innovation of a Waste Segregator Trash Bin with Integrate Charging Station; A Metal

and Non-metal Sorting Solution

CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION

Waste management is a crucial part of protecting the environment and ensuring

sustainable development, as it helps preserve natural resources and supports long-term
progress. Understanding the importance of these practices is key to maintaining a healthy
planet and securing a sustainable future. Advances in technology have greatly improved
the efficiency of waste management (Drozdowski, 2023), especially in dealing with the
growing issues of overflowing landfills and the need for better waste collection and
processing (World Bank, 2018). One of the examples, smart bins use sensors to track when
they are full and adjust collection schedules accordingly, while automated sorting systems
use technology to separate different types of waste more effectively. These innovations
make waste management simpler and help recover valuable materials for reuse. Moreover,
increased awareness of sustainability, along with the use of new technologies, is
encouraging greener behaviors in communities. This is leading to changes in habits, such
as greater participation in recycling programs and more focus on reducing and reusing
waste, contributing to a more environmentally friendly and sustainable way of life.

The process of separating various waste materials at the source, or waste

segregation, is an essential component of effective waste management. This reduces the
environmental impact of different types of waste through proper recycling and disposal
(Davies, 2023). Regretfully, the country does not see a lot of use of these techniques.
When it comes to disposing of waste properly, many have been careless, discarding
recyclables that can still be utilized and ignoring labels. The majority are ignorant of this
or choose to disregard the reality that recycling and waste segregation can lower costs,
minimize the demand on our resources, and reduce the amount of garbage generated.

Inappropriate waste segregation is a global problem that affects not just the
Philippines but the entire world. Global material production has increased dramatically as
the world’s population and economies have developed. Examples of these materials
include plastics, paper, and metal. As people don’t know how to dump garbage correctly,

GENERAL MAMERTO NATIVIDAD NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL| 1

Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics(STEM)
Innovation of a Waste Segregator Trash Bin with Integrate Charging Station; A Metal
and Non-metal Sorting Solution

it’s typical to see waste everywhere. Given the world’s growing population and
consumption rates, waste management has emerged as a major worldwide concern.
Globally, an estimated 2.01 billion tons of solid waste are produced year, according to
statistics from the World Bank. However, at least 33% of the trash is still not managed
(Davies, 2023). Garbage is a part of every aspect of our life, from our house and school to
large corporations like factories and other economic infrastructures. All of this may be a
factor in our community’s growing waste problem. According to H. A. Achi, et al. (2012)
revealed that waste generation is higher than collection which leads to waste accumulation
overtime, thereby, degrading the environment. Burning remains the most commonly used
method of waste disposal and waste collection is irregular. Poor waste management causes
toxins and hazardous chemicals to contaminate ecosystems and endanger human health as
well as contaminate land, water, and air (Dladmin, 2024). Waste collection is constrained
by unplanned and inaccessible road networks among other factors which in turn restrict the
movement and efficiency of the private and public waste collection agents. As is well
known also, one of the main causes of the environmental issues we currently face is
garbage. Inadequate disposal of waste can also have negative effects on a person’s physical
health as well as the environment.

Most metals are not biodegradable which can release toxins into the environment
that could be an environmental concern affecting our ecosystem (What Are the
Environmental Impacts of Metals in a Landfill, 2024). Waste segregation is becoming an
essential component of sustainable methods for managing waste in the face of increasing
environmental concerns and will lessen our environmental impact, preserve valuable
resources, and provide the foundation for a more sustainable future through the
implementation of waste segregation (Melhuish, 2024).

Furthermore, a major weakness in mobile devices is the storage capacity of the

battery. No matter how strong and adaptable a gadget is, it becomes useless as soon as the
battery runs out of power (Manandic, 2021). People will benefit especially if solar-charging
stations are installed in areas without access to power lines. The environment will also

GENERAL MAMERTO NATIVIDAD NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL| 2

Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics(STEM)
Innovation of a Waste Segregator Trash Bin with Integrate Charging Station; A Metal
and Non-metal Sorting Solution

benefit from this solar-charging station since it allows us to properly separate waste and
conserve energy.

Since modern technology has a big impact on our daily lives. We may simply create
an effective machine that separates waste materials including metals and nonmetals with
the use of modern advancements. Because today's population lacks discipline, we are
powerless to regulate every person's behavior when it comes to disposing of waste.
Therefore, in order to correctly segregate trash and inform the appropriate authorities about
the trash levels in the bins, a waste classification management and remote monitoring
system are necessary for an efficient and prompt waste collection operation.

This study proposes a waste segregator trash bin with an integrated charging station
as a metal and non-metal sorting solution. The project presents the design and development
of a smart trash bin with solar-charging station that is based on Arduino Uno board and an
Infrared Sensor to detect materials, Inductive Sensor to detect metals and Solar Panel to
integrate the charging station. This design aims to establish separate containers for metal
and non-metal waste to improve waste segregation, also an area established specifically for
charging, used batteries and small electronic devices may serve to promote responsible
disposal of electronic waste. However, existing waste management systems often lack user
engagement and do not address how added value(Prod, 2021), such as a charging station,
could motivate people to properly segregate their waste. Combining device charging and
waste segregation features into a single, accessible bin will improve user convenience.
Chapters on issues associated with waste management, waste segregation methods, and the
expanding problem of electronic waste disposal will be covered in the following sections
of this paper.

Referring to the study of Babiera, Cornelio, and Duhaylungsod (2020) entitled Self-
segregating Trash Bin Using Arduino Uno, Ha is approved since the self-segregating trash
bin using an Arduino Uno is successful. After thorough testing and analysis, it was
discovered that in order for the infrared sensors to detect approaching waste, the trash must

GENERAL MAMERTO NATIVIDAD NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL| 3

Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics(STEM)
Innovation of a Waste Segregator Trash Bin with Integrate Charging Station; A Metal
and Non-metal Sorting Solution

be thrown very close to the trash can's opening, their study concluded that machine Self-
Segregating Trash Bin using Arduino Uno is effective.
Additionally, the study of Affandi (2023) entitled Development of Metal and
Nonmetal Waste Sorting System Designed by Using an Arduino Uno, Ha is validated
because the metal and nonmetal waste sorting system using Arduino Uno is approved. It
appears that by creating and refining this circuit system, continuous waste sorting behavior
will be enhanced in waste collection systems that involve waste sorting at the source. Based
on their study, the infrared and inductive proximity sensor circuit, components, and coding
are all fully functional.
In study conducted by Sharan and Iskander (2022) titled "Automatic Waste Sorter"
presents a significant advancement in Inductive and Ultrasonic Sensor. Through their
research, demonstrated the efficacy of Inductive sensor within a waste sorting mechanism.
These sensors have been identified as pivotal materials for integration into waste sorter
trash bins, serving as the primary means of detection of metal and nonmetal waste. Their
study come to the conclusion that one of the greatest options for separating metal from
non-metal waste is an inductive proximity.
Additionally, the study of Iyer (2018) entitled Automatic Waste Segregator is a
productive and efficient garbage collection system. According to their study, a number of
annoyances had happened, including the inductive proximity sensor's sensing range, the
moisture sensor's accuracy in adjusting the IR sensors' range, and others. Conveyor belt
use greatly improves the accuracy of the system. It leads to the conclusion that their
research on waste segregation is trustworthy.
Throughout the analyses of the study by Cooper (2015) entitled The Benefits of
Metal Separation it says that the separation of metals from non-metals in a waste stream
creates the necessary conditions for further processing. Physical separation techniques are
safe and eco-friendly but also extremely energy-intensive. With a metal separation system,
you can recover valuable materials and precious metals efficiently. By this study, we
conclude that we need to elevate the way of waste segregation of metals and nonmetals.
According to Achi, Adeofun, Gbadebo, Ufeogbune, and Oyedepo (2012)
conducted a study entitled An Assessment of Solid Waste Management Practices in

GENERAL MAMERTO NATIVIDAD NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL| 4

Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics(STEM)
Innovation of a Waste Segregator Trash Bin with Integrate Charging Station; A Metal
and Non-metal Sorting Solution

Abeokuta, Southwest, Nigeria, revealing concerning trends in waste management. The

findings highlighted a significant disparity between waste generation and collection rates,
resulting in the accumulation of waste over time, leading to environmental degradation.
Notably, burning emerged as the predominant method of waste disposal, reflecting diverse
attitudes toward the issue. Addressing this challenge necessitates proactive measures,
including public education on the importance of paying for waste management services.
Such initiatives could pave the way for innovative solutions like automatic waste
segregation trash bins, thereby fostering a more sustainable approach to solid waste
management.
In the study by Sumich (2022) entitled Benefits of Waste Management it indicates
that one of the most crucial methods for protecting the environment is waste management.
The three primary advantages of waste management are lower pollution, resource
conservation, and protection of ecosystems. We can significantly lower the amount of
dangerous chemicals and contaminants that get into our water, air, and soil by disposing of
garbage appropriately. This helps to maintain wildlife and habitats in addition to
safeguarding human health. Furthermore, by stopping the production of methane in
landfills, waste management can aid in the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions.
Another study was conducted by Rajeswari, Mandara, Meghana, Meghana
Vaishnavi (2019) entitled Automatic Waste Segregator, which is suggested to be an
efficient solution to the present waste management issue. According to their research, the
robotic arm will simplify the process of classifying various waste items throughout the
segregation process. It comes to the conclusion that their research successfully makes use
of the Automatic Waste Segregator to identify various waste items.
Based on the study of Gaikwad et al., 2022 entitled Design and Manufacturing of
Metal & Non-metal Sorting Using Metal Detector, their study investigates the benefit and
the importance of metal and non-metal sorting using metal detector. The team concluded
that the proposed method will effectively separate plastic, glass, and metal, solving the
present waste management issue. Urban families, junk businesses, and companies
requiring material segregation can all benefit from the use of this method of separation.

GENERAL MAMERTO NATIVIDAD NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL| 5

Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics(STEM)
Innovation of a Waste Segregator Trash Bin with Integrate Charging Station; A Metal
and Non-metal Sorting Solution

Resources and money can be saved since the separated waste material can be used to make
the desired products.
Furthermore, the study of Gutierrez and Perin (2018) entitled The Implementation
of Arduino Software in Developing Waste Segregation System, it has been proved that
Arduino software can be used to segregate garbage. Waste segregator systems function by
using sensors to recognize things and classify them as metal or non-metal. Following a
thorough investigation, it was found that proximity sensors are used to locate trash,
capacitive sensors are used to detect changes in capacitance between a sensor and
electrode, and inductive sensors are used to detect metals by sensing the proximity of metal
targets to an inductive coil sensor. In accordance to their research, the sensors have been
shown to be able to distinguish between metal and nonmetal materials.
Moreover, the study of Endaya, Mabitasan, Gonzales (2020) entitled Design and
Implementation of Automated Waste Segregator with Smart Compression, that trash can
be segregated using an Arduino Uno. It was successful in maintaining the quality of
recyclable materials and properly segregating garbage. According to their research, wastes
can be successfully separated using an automatic waste segregator with smart
compression.
In addition, the study by Vivar, Salvador, Abocejo (2015) entitled Village-Level
Solid Waste Management in Lahug, Cebu City, Philippines. Their findings suggest that the
difficulties related to solid waste management will not go away if proper planning and
consideration are not made for them. It is the obligation of humanity to manage solid waste.
It is not sustainable to have inefficient solid waste management as a social, political,
economic, and environmental issue. It concludes that a more sophisticated and efficient
approach to waste management is required.
Referring to the study of Coracero et al., 2021 entitled A Long-Standing Problem:
A Review on the Solid Waste Management in the Philippines have stated variety of
solutions addressing the solid waste management in the Philippines, the team conducted
current practices in addressing the solid waste management problems in the Philippines
and have shown significant findings, the researchers concluded the importance of solid
waste management specially in our country, the team suggest further investigation on

GENERAL MAMERTO NATIVIDAD NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL| 6

Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics(STEM)
Innovation of a Waste Segregator Trash Bin with Integrate Charging Station; A Metal
and Non-metal Sorting Solution

possible solution to further improve the ways of addressing the problems. As part of these
research study of Lopez and Chua (2021) research underscores the vital link between
proper solid waste management and public health. Revealed that waste management can
enhancing air and water quality through effective waste management practices, we
safeguard ourselves against harmful pollutants, thereby promoting overall wellness.
Moreover, the safe disposal of waste, including segregation to prevent infectious diseases,
is crucial for the well-being of waste collectors and the community at large.
Trillana's (2017) groundbreaking study, "Solar Powered Smart Compactor Trash
Bin with Charging Station," pioneers the development of a solar-powered smart compactor
trash bin integrated with a charging station. This innovative system not only notifies users,
particularly students, but also offers complimentary charging services. The research is
dedicated to optimizing waste management practices within universities. It conclusively
demonstrates the feasibility of using solar energy to efficiently power both the trash bin
and its accompanying charging station. Moreover, by providing free charging facilities, the
study proposes a significant enhancement in promoting proper waste management across
university campuses.
Additionally, Rubio and Lazaro (2018) conducted a study titled "Development of a
Solar-Powered Charging Station via Recyclable Plastic Bottles," which proposes an
innovative method for waste disposal. The research introduces a microcontroller-operated
charging station that encourages users to dispose of plastic bottle scraps properly by
offering electricity for charging electronic devices. The researchers concluded that while
the system effectively identifies plastic bottles and cans, it can also process other materials.
However, it does not offer free charging for other types of solid waste. This finding
highlights the need to substitute or complement certain components in the research and
remain the other component like solar panel that work in this research.
This sum up that proper solid waste management is important to all aspects and we
need to elevate the way of are waste management by using advanced technology. Based on
these linked studies and their encouraging results on the usage of an Arduino Uno for a
waste segregator (metal and non-metal). A unique trash bin for waste management could
be made with an Arduino Uno.

GENERAL MAMERTO NATIVIDAD NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL| 7

Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics(STEM)
Innovation of a Waste Segregator Trash Bin with Integrate Charging Station; A Metal
and Non-metal Sorting Solution

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
The researcher utilized the input-process-output (IPO) model, depicted in Figure 1,
as a guiding framework to demonstrate the effectiveness of Arduino Uno and Solar Panel
in the development of a Waste Segregator Trash Bin with Integrated Charging Station: A
Metal and Non-Metal Sorting Solution. Figure 1 illustrates the conceptual framework of
the study, which focused on creating a trash bin that automatically segregates metal and
non-metal waste using an Arduino Uno with a Solar Panel for charging station. The first
step involved acquiring the necessary materials, followed by the programming, installation,
and system creation processes. The phase concluded with the complete installation of the
waste segregator (metal and non-metal) trash bin with charging station.

GENERAL MAMERTO NATIVIDAD NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL| 8

Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics(STEM)
Innovation of a Waste Segregator Trash Bin with Integrate Charging Station; A Metal
and Non-metal Sorting Solution

Figure 1. Conceptual Framework

GENERAL MAMERTO NATIVIDAD NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL| 9

Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics(STEM)
Innovation of a Waste Segregator Trash Bin with Integrate Charging Station; A Metal
and Non-metal Sorting Solution

DEFINITION OF TERMS

This research utilizes operational definitions for key terms to ensure clarity and
facilitate reader comprehension.

Arduino Uno. In this study, the Arduino Uno served as the central processing unit
of the trash bin with an integrated charging station for detection of metal and non-metal
waste, sorting of materials, and managing the power of the free charging station.

Arduino USB Cable for Uno. Refers to a device used to connect the Arduino Uno
and the microcontroller boards.

Automatic. Refers to the trash bin equipped with sensors and other systems that
allow waste to be automatically sorted into separate sections (such as metal and non-metal)
according to the makeup of its materials. It also features an integrated charging station that
provides power to electronic devices like computers and smart phones.

Breadboard. This refers to the temporary workstation for building electrical

circuits. With the device's grid of holes for connecting electrical components, soldering is
not necessary for faster circuit testing and prototyping.

Charging Station. In this study, charging station refers to the free and efficient to
charge electronic devices while promoting waste segregation.

Charging Status. Refers to the battery’s current state, specifically its level of
charge relative to its maximum capacity. It can be stated as a percentage, indicating the
proportion of the battery’s total capacity that is currently filled. This can be measured using
the mean formula: Mean=sum of all values/ total number of values.

Dust Refers to any particulate matter suspended in the air that is 50g. The dust
concentration is measured in particles per cubic centimeter and is calculated using the formula:
Dust concentration (particles/cm³) = Number of particles counted / Volume of air sampled (cm³).

Inductive. Refers to a device used to detect if the trash throw is metal.

GENERAL MAMERTO NATIVIDAD NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL| 10

Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics(STEM)
Innovation of a Waste Segregator Trash Bin with Integrate Charging Station; A Metal
and Non-metal Sorting Solution

Infrared. This refer to the device that detects the presence of non-metallic materials
by measuring the intensity of infrared radiation emitted or reflected by the material.

Material Discrimination Accuracy. This refers to the ability of the waste

segregator trash bin to correctly identify and sort materials into their designated
compartments based on their metal or non-metal composition. To measure accuracy, we
will visually inspect sorted waste and use metal detectors if needed. The researcher will
conduct 20 trials, calculating the percentage of correctly sorted items for each trial. The
mean accuracy will be calculated by summing these percentages and dividing by 20,
providing an overall assessment of the trash bin’s ability to accurately segregate
materials.

Metal. This refers to any discarded material that is primarily composed of metal
and is designed to be placed in the metal segregator trash bin for the purpose of activating
the integrated charging station.

Moisture. In this study, this represents the controlled introduction of water into
the testing environment, quantified as 1 liter. This moisture is applied using a sprayer
to simulate rain, evenly distributing water around the waste sorter.

Non-metal. Any recyclable or reusable material that does not contain significant
amounts of metal and is designed to be placed in the non-metal segregator trash bin for
the purpose of activating the integrated charging station.

Perceived Ease of Use. In this study, this refers to the degree to which users
believe that operating the waste sorter system is free of effort. This concept is assessed
using a Likert scale, where participants rate their experiences on a scale from 1 (poor) to
4 (excellent).

Perceived Usefulness. Refers to how respondents believe the trash bin will
positively impact their waste management and provide additional benefits like device
charging. It will be measured using a 4-point Likert scale questionnaire, where

GENERAL MAMERTO NATIVIDAD NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL| 11

Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics(STEM)
Innovation of a Waste Segregator Trash Bin with Integrate Charging Station; A Metal
and Non-metal Sorting Solution

respondents will rate their level of contentment or fulfillment on a scale 1 (poor) to 4

(excellent).

Power Availability. Power availability refers to the total amount of devices can
stored and accessible for charging devices via the integrated charging station of the
Waste Segregator Trash Bin for one day. This will be measured using this formula:
Phone per day= total available energy (Wh)/energy required per phone (Wh)

Reaction time. Reaction time refers to the time it takes for the Waste Segregator
Trash Bin to detect whether an item is metal or non-metal from the moment the item is
placed into the sensor until the system categorizes the waste and initiates sorting. The
researcher will conduct 20 trials, calculating the mean percentage of time reaction for
each trial. The mean accuracy will be calculated by summing these percentages and
dividing by 20 using the unit of seconds.

Satisfaction. This refers to the user’s general thoughts and views about the
creative waste segregator trash bin with built-in charging station, whether positive or
negative. It will be measured through a Likert scale questionnaire, where respondents will
rate their level of contentment or fulfillment on a scale 1 to 4.

Solar Panel. Refers to device that converts sunlight into electricity, used to
provide power for a charging station.

Solar Power. Refers to the electricity generated by converting sunlight into

electrical energy using solar panels.

Trash Bin. Refers to a specialized container designed for waste segregation and
recycling. It has two compartments to separate metal and non-metal waste and includes a
built-in charging station.

Waste. In this study, these are materials that is no longer appropriate for its
intended use is considered waste which can be classified as metal or nonmetal.

GENERAL MAMERTO NATIVIDAD NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL| 12

Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics(STEM)
Innovation of a Waste Segregator Trash Bin with Integrate Charging Station; A Metal
and Non-metal Sorting Solution

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

This study entitled Innovation of a Waste Segregator Trash Bin with Integrated
Charging Station: A Metal and Non-Metal Sorting Solution aims to design and implement
an efficient system that will help to properly sort wastes and charge devices. The study was
conducted by Grade 12 Researchers in Poblacion, General Mamerto Natividad during
school year 2024-2025. The result of this study will be a basis if it was able to achieve
proper waste sorting, maintaining the quality of wastes, and maximizing the efficiency and
reliability of charging station while ensuring a consistent supply of power to meet the
charging needs of users. Specifically, it sought to get answers to the following questions:

1. How can be the waste sorter performance be described in terms of:

1.1 materials discrimination accuracy; and

1.2 reaction time?

2. How can be the waste sorter performance be described under varying

environmental conditions:

2.1 dust; and

2.2 moisture?

3. Is there any significant difference in the performance of the waste sorter under
varying environmental conditions?

4. How can be the performance of charging station be described in terms of:

4.1 power availability; and

4.2 charging status?

5. How will the potential uses of waste sorter rate the system in terms of:

5.1 perceived ease of use;

5.2 perceived usefulness; and

GENERAL MAMERTO NATIVIDAD NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL| 13
Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics(STEM)
Innovation of a Waste Segregator Trash Bin with Integrate Charging Station; A Metal
and Non-metal Sorting Solution

5.3 satisfaction?

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The findings of the study may provide a convenient way of segregating metal and
non-metal waste with an integrated charging station, which can contribute to proper waste
management by effectively segregating metal and non-metal waste and offering a free
charging station. This study can contribute to the following:

Local Government Units (LGU): The study provides LGUs with an innovative
tool for more efficient waste segregation, helping to streamline waste management efforts
in communities. This could enhance compliance with local environmental regulations and
reduce landfill waste, contributing to a cleaner environment and potentially reducing waste
management costs.

Environmental Organizations: Environmental advocacy groups could use this

technology to promote sustainable practices and reduce the environmental impact of
improper waste disposal. The solution aligns with the goals of reducing pollution,
minimizing metal waste in landfills, and encouraging more responsible consumption
behaviors.

Manufacturers of Waste Management Solutions: Companies that develop

waste management products could adopt this design to improve their offerings. The
integration of a charging station adds value, addressing multiple needs with one device.
This could make waste management more attractive to tech-conscious consumers,
expanding market potential.

Educational Institutions: Schools and universities could benefit from this

innovation by incorporating it into sustainability programs, helping educate students on
proper waste segregation and the importance of recycling. The charging station feature
could also be an incentive for students to engage with and use the system.

Health Agencies: Proper waste segregation, especially sorting metals from non-
metals, can reduce health risks associated with improper disposal, such as contamination

GENERAL MAMERTO NATIVIDAD NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL| 14

Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics(STEM)
Innovation of a Waste Segregator Trash Bin with Integrate Charging Station; A Metal
and Non-metal Sorting Solution

or the spread of harmful materials. Health agencies could endorse this technology to
promote safer waste disposal practices in public and private spaces.

Businesses and Commercial Establishments: This innovation can improve

corporate social responsibility efforts by providing businesses with an eco-friendly waste
disposal solution, while also offering a charging station for employees or customers,
making it a practical and modern choice for green office spaces.

Urban Planners: Urban development projects could incorporate this waste

segregator into smart city initiatives. It aligns with efforts to create eco-friendly urban
environments and can be integrated into parks, public areas, or transportation hubs,
enhancing the city’s waste management infrastructure.

Hospitality and Tourism Industries: Hotels, resorts, and tourism establishments

can use these bins to maintain cleanliness and promote sustainability to guests. The
charging station feature could be a convenient service for travelers, adding value while
promoting environmental responsibility.

Recycling Facilities: Recycling centers could use this technology to improve the
initial sorting of waste at the point of disposal, reducing manual labor and increasing
efficiency. It could streamline processes and contribute to better recycling rates.

Startups and Entrepreneurs in Green Technology: This innovative solution can

inspire new business models focused on smart waste management technologies. It provides
an example of integrating environmental solutions with modern tech features, opening
doors for further innovations in the green technology space.

SCOPE AND DELIMITATION

In this quantitative study, the researchers focused on the advantages of creating a

waste segregator and a solar charging station to appropriately arrange wastes and also to
help conserve energy. Convenience sampling will be the sampling technique employed by
the researchers, as it is easy for the researchers to contact respondents and obtain the data

GENERAL MAMERTO NATIVIDAD NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL| 15

Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics(STEM)
Innovation of a Waste Segregator Trash Bin with Integrate Charging Station; A Metal
and Non-metal Sorting Solution

needed to carry out the study. It is to investigate the viability of waste segregator
innovation, particularly concerning metal and non-metal materials, and to conduct a
functional charging station using solar power. This study will be conducted at General
Mamerto Natividad National High School.

The trash bin is used to separate waste into two categories: metals (such as cans and
aluminum wires) and non-metals (such as paper and plastic bottles). The wastes are
exclusively focused on metal and non-metal trash, thus they cannot be categorized as
biodegradable or non-biodegradable. Only dry waste can be put in the trash can; wet waste
cannot be thrown in the trash bin and the maximum waste size that can be thrown is 12
inches tall by 6 inches wide since it could affect the trash can's functionality. The solar-
powered charging station's maximum charge duration for electrical gadgets is five minutes.

This study assesses the trash can waste segregator's utility for research application
and advancement. This project aims to assist individuals in properly sorting their waste,
organizing garbage collection, and conserving energy simply through waste disposal

GENERAL MAMERTO NATIVIDAD NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL| 16

Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics(STEM)
Innovation of a Waste Segregator Trash Bin with Integrate Charging Station; A Metal
and Non-metal Sorting Solution

CHAPTER II
Methodology
The steps of the approach that will be applied in this study are in this chapter. This
addresses the process of creating an Arduino Uno-based automated waste segregator (for
metal and non-metal waste based on infrared, and inductive sensors and a solar based
charging station for electronic devices, as well as the description of the process for creating
the system, discussion of the primary performance indicators and abilities, experiment and
analysis, and assessment regarding the way consumers experience about the product’s
usability.

RESEARCH DESIGN

In this study, the researcher will use an experimental research design. Using an
Arduino Uno, an experimental design was carried out to produce innovation and
advancement in Waste Segregator Trash Bins for Metals and Nonmetals with Integration
of Charging Station This study focused on the advantages of creating a waste segregator in
order to appropriately arrange wastes. This waste segregator trash bin have the potential to
help individuals to properly segregate waste and to have an organize waste management.
Convenience sampling will be the sampling technique employed by the researchers
to choose ten respondents, There is no specific criteria needed to choose respondents and
obtain the data needed to carry out the study .The Research will be conducted along General
Mamerto Natividad National High School. The data will be collected through survey
questionnaires that will be prepared by the researchers.
The data provided by the respondents will be computed by the researchers using a
Likert scale. The researchers will tally the frequency in which the respondents will answer
the survey questions. When handling survey respondents' responses, the researchers also
employed percentages.

1. The Process for Creating the System

This section presents the stages of the methodology utilized in the creation of the
Arduino Uno-based automated waste segregator (for metal and non-metal waste based

GENERAL MAMERTO NATIVIDAD NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL| 17

Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics(STEM)
Innovation of a Waste Segregator Trash Bin with Integrate Charging Station; A Metal
and Non-metal Sorting Solution

on infrared, and inductive sensors and a solar based charging station (for electronic
devices), explaining the particular methods, techniques, tools to use to accomplish the
research study, describing the specific procedures, instruments, and techniques that
need to employ to complete the research project.

1.1.0. Software Assimilation (Phase 1)

Software simulation is a step in the process of evaluating an Automatic Waste

Segregator (for metal and non-metal) Trash bin and integrating solar powered charging
station using software tools. At this stage, Tinkercad Software is used to simulate the
construction of an automatic waste (metal and non-metal trash bin). This requires creating
a virtual representation of the system and its components in software using schematic
diagram, such as the Arduino Uno, Infrared and Inductive Sensors. The simulation allows
for the testing and validation of the system’s functionality along with the efficiency prior
to its physical installation. Simulating the system allows potential challenges or errors to
be recognized and corrected early on, resulting in more efficient development and
decreasing risks during the actual implementation phase.
1.1.1. Tinkercad Software
Before proceeding to the hardware design, in order to ensure that the system is fully
functional. The circuit and schematic diagram drawings are made with an Tinkercad
Software.
1.1.2. Drawing a Schematic Diagram (Tinkercad Software)
Tinkercad is a platform that promotes experimentation and creative exploration
while trying to provide accessibility to electronics for all users. To ensure that the system
operates effectively, a circuit diagram and a schematic diagram are made during the
simulation stage. The circuit diagram is created after the schematic design has undergone
proper testing. These diagrams give a comprehensive overview of the research by
graphically representing the relationships and elements employed in the investigation.

GENERAL MAMERTO NATIVIDAD NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL| 18

Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics(STEM)
Innovation of a Waste Segregator Trash Bin with Integrate Charging Station; A Metal
and Non-metal Sorting Solution

Figure 2. Schematic Diagram

1.1.3. Drawing Circuit Diagram (Arduino Uno)
The actual circuit must be built in a virtual environment once the schematic diagram
has been verified to be completely operational. The two sensors are used to separate the
trash; after the trash is separated, the trash bin lid will automatically close and the charging
station will automatically activate so that electronic devices can be connected. The
induction sensor is used to detect metal trash, and the infrared proximity sensor is used to
detect non-metal trash.

Figure 3. Circuit Diagram

1.2.0. Programming (Phase 2)

During this phase, the researcher will translate the design from the diagram to a
functional device by drafting a proposed algorithm and subsequently converting it into
GENERAL MAMERTO NATIVIDAD NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL| 19
Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics(STEM)
Innovation of a Waste Segregator Trash Bin with Integrate Charging Station; A Metal
and Non-metal Sorting Solution

code using a programming language. This stage, referred to as Phase Two (Programming
Phase).
1.2.1 Flowchart
To simplify the coding process, the researchers need to define an algorithm with
inputs, outputs, a loop, and conditions. Here's the proposed algorithm:
The Automatic Waste Segregator for metal and non-metal with solar powered
charging station will start when either the Inductive or Infrared proximity sensor detects
trash:
Once waste is introduced to the sensor, the system activates accordingly. If the
inductive sensor detects metallic waste, the left lid of the trash bin opens automatically.
Conversely, when the infrared sensor identifies non-metallic waste, the right side of the
trash bin lid opens automatically. After the waste is disposed of, the trash bin closes
autonomously. Following this, the charging station is activated for a duration of five
minutes upon detecting waste inside the bin. The integrated solar panel converts sunlight
into electricity, and with each instance of waste disposal, additional time is allocated for
charging station use. Subsequently, the system concludes its operational cycle, entering a
standby mode in anticipation of the next instance of waste placement, which may trigger
the sorting mechanism and potentially activate the charging station once more.

GENERAL MAMERTO NATIVIDAD NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL| 20

Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics(STEM)
Innovation of a Waste Segregator Trash Bin with Integrate Charging Station; A Metal
and Non-metal Sorting Solution

Figure 4. Flowchart of the system

GENERAL MAMERTO NATIVIDAD NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL| 21

Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics(STEM)
Innovation of a Waste Segregator Trash Bin with Integrate Charging Station; A Metal
and Non-metal Sorting Solution

1.2.2. Writing Code

Once the diagram has been fully developed and all necessary components have
been identified, the next step involves translating the visual representation into actual code.
In this particular case, the programming language of choice is C++, which will be used to
accurately portray the logic and processes outlined in the flowchart. The process of
converting the flowchart into code involves a series of steps, including compilation and
uploading. Compilation refers to the process of translating the human-readable code into
machine-readable instructions that can be executed by the computer. Once the code has
been successfully compiled, it is then uploaded onto the designated platform for testing
and implementation. This entire process, from diagram completion to code execution, is
crucial in ensuring the successful development and functionality of the intended software
or system. Below is a sample coding to perform the system.

WORKING CODES

#include <Servo.h>

Servo servoMotor;

const int metalSensorPin = 2; // Pin for metal sensor

const int echoPin = 7; // Pin for ultrasonic echo
const int trigPin = 8; // Pin for ultrasonic trigger
const int servoPin = 9; // Pin for servo motor

void setup()
{ Serial.begin(9600)
;

pinMode(metalSensorPin, INPUT);
pinMode(trigPin, OUTPUT);
pinMode(echoPin, INPUT);
GENERAL MAMERTO NATIVIDAD NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL| 22
Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics(STEM)
Innovation of a Waste Segregator Trash Bin with Integrate Charging Station; A Metal
and Non-metal Sorting Solution

servoMotor.attach(servoPin);
servoMotor.write(0); // Initial position
}

void loop() {
long duration, distance;

// Trigger ultrasonic sensor

digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW);
delayMicroseconds(2);
digitalWrite(trigPin, HIGH);
delayMicroseconds(10);
digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW);

duration = pulseIn(echoPin, HIGH);

distance = (duration * 0.034) / 2; // Distance in cm

// Check for metal waste

int metalDetected = digitalRead(metalSensorPin);

if (metalDetected == HIGH) {
// If metal is detected
Serial.println("Metal detected!");
servoMotor.write(90); // Move servo to sort metal
delay(1000); // Wait for sorting
servoMotor.write(0); // Return to initial position
} else {
// If non-metal waste
Serial.println("Non-metal detected!");
// Optionally, you can add more actions for non-metal

GENERAL MAMERTO NATIVIDAD NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL| 23

Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics(STEM)
Innovation of a Waste Segregator Trash Bin with Integrate Charging Station; A Metal
and Non-metal Sorting Solution

delay(2000); // Delay for next check

}

// Include the Ultrasonic library

#include <Ultrasonic.h>

// Define the pins for the ultrasonic sensor

#define trigPin 2
#define echoPin 3

// Define the pin for the solar panel

#define solarPanelPin 4

// Define the distance threshold for activating the solar panel

#define distanceThreshold 10 // in centimeters

// Create an instance of the Ultrasonic sensor

Ultrasonic ultrasonic(trigPin, echoPin);

void setup() {
// Set the solar panel pin as an output
pinMode(solarPanelPin, OUTPUT);
}

void loop() {
// Get the distance from the ultrasonic sensor
int distance = ultrasonic.read();

GENERAL MAMERTO NATIVIDAD NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL| 24

Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics(STEM)
Innovation of a Waste Segregator Trash Bin with Integrate Charging Station; A Metal
and Non-metal Sorting Solution

// Check if the distance is less than the threshold

if (distance < distanceThreshold) {
// Activate the solar panel by setting the pin to HIGH
digitalWrite(solarPanelPin, HIGH);
} else {
// Deactivate the solar panel by setting the pin to LOW
digitalWrite(solarPanelPin, LOW);
}
}

1.2.3. Compilation and Uploading Code

The final step of the programming phase involves utilizing the Arduino platform to
implement the code on the hardware simulation. Arduino serves as a valuable programming
tool for both learning how to program and for developing electronic circuits. The flowchart
outlined in Figure 4 is then translated into the C++ programming language. The subsequent
step entails compiling the code and identifying any potential compilation issues. Assuming
there are no issues, the code is now prepared to be uploaded to the central microcontroller
to observe the final outcome. Additional details regarding the programming and compiling
processes will be further elaborated in the hardware section for a more comprehensive
understanding.

1.3.0 Hardware Components (Phase Three)

The last phase, which has the hardware components. The requirements for the
hardware are listed, specified, and described in order to ensure that the automatic trash can
system operates as intended.

GENERAL MAMERTO NATIVIDAD NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL| 25

Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics(STEM)
Innovation of a Waste Segregator Trash Bin with Integrate Charging Station; A Metal
and Non-metal Sorting Solution

1.3.1 Hardware Selecting

The final phase of the project involves assembling the hardware components to
create a functional prototype. The Arduino Uno, the microcontroller board that serves as
the brain of the system, will control the sensors and actuators. An inductive sensor will
detect the presence of metal objects, triggering the trash bin to open. An infrared sensor
will prevent the trash bin from closing while items are being discarded. A solar panel will
provide sustainable power to the system. The components will be connected using a
breadboard and jumper wires. The frame of the trash bin will be constructed using wood,
and a modified plastic trash bin will serve as the container for waste collection.

1.3.2 Hardware Description

The open-source electronics platform Arduino is built on user-friendly hardware
and software. It is made up of a development environment and a microcontroller board that
let users design interactive electronic devices. The Arduino UNO is categorized as a
microcontroller that uses the ATmega328 as a controller in it. It serves to write, compile,
and upload code. The sensors that will use in the system are Infrared, Inductive Sensors.

Table 1. Hardware Components

Table 2. Hardware Components

GENERAL MAMERTO NATIVIDAD NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL| 26

Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics(STEM)
Innovation of a Waste Segregator Trash Bin with Integrate Charging Station; A Metal
and Non-metal Sorting Solution

Figure 5. Dimension Model Front

Figure 6. Dimension Model Back

GENERAL MAMERTO NATIVIDAD NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL| 27

Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics(STEM)
Innovation of a Waste Segregator Trash Bin with Integrate Charging Station; A Metal
and Non-metal Sorting Solution

1.3.3 Apply Code to the Hardware

This completes the system's development and programming. To code the system in
this programming section, the C++ integrated development environment (IDE) must be
downloaded. USB is required after downloading given that it will be used to link the
hardware and software. The final step in finishing the system's programming will be typing
code.

2. Discussion of the Primary Performance Indicators and Abilities

This section describes the operation of the Innovation of a Waste Segregator Trash Bin
with Integrated Charging Station: A Metal and Non-Metal Sorting Solution in order to
better understand the skills and abilities of the trash can with integrated charging station
using mathematical calculations. The researcher compute the reaction time, accuracy of the
materials discrimination, charging station and other aspects of Waste Segregator Trash Bin
with Integrated Charging Station: A Metal and Non-Metal Sorting Solution.

2.1 Materials Discrimination Accuracy

Material discrimination accuracy refers to the ability of the sensor to

accurately differentiate between metal and non-metal waste. To assess this, the
researcher will conduct 20 trials for each material type, exposing the sensor to a
representative set of metal and non-metal items. In each trial, the sensor’s
classification will be recorded as either correct or incorrect, and the data will be
used to calculate the percentage of correct identifications. The accuracy will be
determined by dividing the number of correct identifications by the total number
of trials, with results over 95% considered acceptable for this study.

Accuracy=(Number of Correct Detections/Total Number of Trials) ×100%

2.2 Reaction Time

Reaction time, as used in this study, is the number of seconds (s) that a sensor
will take to react while there is no motion in the surrounding environment. A statistical
GENERAL MAMERTO NATIVIDAD NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL| 28
Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics(STEM)
Innovation of a Waste Segregator Trash Bin with Integrate Charging Station; A Metal
and Non-metal Sorting Solution

method will be utilized to ascertain the product's reaction time. The mean (average)
computation will be used as the statistical tool. The average of the reaction time will
be required to determine the precise value of the reaction time. By adding up each value
in the data and dividing by the total number of values in the set, the mean (average)
data may be calculated. In this study, the data set refers to the value of the time
recorded, expressed in milliseconds, while the number of set refers to the number of
attempts done.

Figure 7. Average Reaction Time

2.3 Waste Sorter Performance

To evaluate the performance of the waste sorter under varying

environmental conditions, the researcher will first assess its performance in
dusty conditions. Fifty grams of fine particulate dust sourced from indoor
environments will be evenly distributed over the waste sorter before
initiating 20 trials. In each trial, the sensor will identify metal versus non-
metal materials, and both material discrimination accuracy and reaction time
will be measured.
For the moisture condition, 1 liter of water will be uniformly sprayed
over the waste sorter prior to conducting another set of 20 trials. The sensor's
ability to accurately identify materials will again be evaluated, with accuracy
calculated as the percentage of correct identifications. Additionally, the
reaction time will be recorded to determine how quickly the sensor classifies

GENERAL MAMERTO NATIVIDAD NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL| 29

Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics(STEM)
Innovation of a Waste Segregator Trash Bin with Integrate Charging Station; A Metal
and Non-metal Sorting Solution

materials in a moist environment, allowing for a comprehensive

performance comparison under both conditions.

2.4 Charging Station

To test the quality of the charging station, it can be described in terms of
power availability and charging status. In this study, "power availability" refers to
the electrical power supply's stability and dependability, as well as how long it can
hold a charge. It also includes the power supply, which assures that the frequency
and voltage stay within the acceptable limits, this can be measured using this
statistical formula: Phone per day= total available energy (Wh)/energy required per
phone (Wh). The term "charging status" describes how a device's battery is
currently doing, specifically how many percentage of battery will be added into the
electronic device. In order to calculate the charging status the researchers will use
the formula: Mean=sum of all values/ total number of values.

2.5 Potential Uses of Waste Sorter

In this study, the concept of "perceived ease of use" refers to the

subjective perception or judgment of the respondents regarding how easy it
is to use the . It captures their personal opinions and beliefs about the
simplicity and user-friendliness of the system.

On the other hand, "perceived usefulness" in this study refer to the

subjective judgments or evaluations that the respondents make about the
usefulness or value of the Waste Segregator Trash Bin with Integrated
Charging Station: A Metal and Non-Metal Sorting Solution. It reflects their
individual perceptions, beliefs, and preferences regarding the benefits and
advantages of using the system.
Lastly, "satisfaction" in this study refers to the feeling of contentment
or fulfillment that the respondents experience when their expectations or
desires are met or exceeded with the Waste Segregator Trash Bin with
Integrated Charging Station: A Metal and Non-metal Sorting Solution. It

GENERAL MAMERTO NATIVIDAD NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL| 30

Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics(STEM)
Innovation of a Waste Segregator Trash Bin with Integrate Charging Station; A Metal
and Non-metal Sorting Solution

reflects their subjective evaluation of how well the system meets their needs,
preferences, or goals.
The methodology for user's feedback employs a 4-point Likert scale
in the questionnaire to quantify respondents' perceptions of perceived ease
of use, perceived usefulness, and satisfaction with the Waste Segregator
Trash Bin. However, the inclusion of the accuracy formula, which measures
performance, may not directly align with the survey's focus on user
feedback.
3. Experiment and Analysis
To examine the ability of the Automatic Waste Segregator Trash Bin with
Integrated Charging station, the researchers will conduct an in depth
experimentation. An inductive sensor will be used to identify metal, Infrared
senssor for the identifivation of the waste and a Solar Panel System will be use to
power the Electronic gadgets. The Arduino Uno will be programmed to interpret
these signals. Based on the sensor readings, a servo motor will subsequently be
activated to open the proper bin flap (metal or non-metal). There will be free
Charging station for the Respondent as the reward to their action . Analysis of
success rates and restrictions resulting from variables like item qualities and sensor
positioning will be done by testing with different materials. This information will
be utilized to assess the efficacy of the system and direct future developments in
Automatic Waste Segregator with Charging Station.
4. Assessment Regarding the Way Consumers Experience About the

Product's Usability

In order to evaluate the functionality and performance of the product and

determine the level of satisfaction of users, the researchers will create a
questionnaire to be utilized in the evaluation of responses from individuals
regarding the convenience of use of an Automatic waste Segregator with Charging
Station The Convenience sampling methodology will be used in this study as the

GENERAL MAMERTO NATIVIDAD NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL| 31

Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics(STEM)
Innovation of a Waste Segregator Trash Bin with Integrate Charging Station; A Metal
and Non-metal Sorting Solution

probability method to choose respondents. It is sufficient to have ten (10)

responders at the very least.

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS
Statistical analysis, including the calculation of the mean and standard
deviation, will be done using Microsoft Excel. A t-test will be conducted with an
online tool to compare the differences in the means of various treatments or
environments.

GENERAL MAMERTO NATIVIDAD NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL| 32

Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics(STEM)
Innovation of a Waste Segregator Trash Bin with Integrate Charging Station; A Metal
and Non-metal Sorting Solution

REFERENCE LIST
Achi, A. G. (2012)). Research Gate. Retrieved from researchgate.net:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/280082089_An_Assessment_of_
Solid_Waste_Management_Practices_in_Abeokuta_Southwest_Nigeria?fb
clid=IwAR34QGXu4jFxL_HQ2aioQu9K4QendF8WMMRlFsPbMmtx909
RPrtAczWBb2M
Affandi. (2023). Research Gate. Retrieved from researchgate.net:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/372066606_Development_of_the
_Metal_and_Non-
Metal_Waste_Sorting_System_Design_by_using_an_Arduino_UNO
Babiera, C. D. (2020). Foundation University Intranet. Retrieved from Foundation
University Website: https://wiki.foundationu.com/nightowl/self-
segregating-trash-bin-using-arduino-uno
Byju's. (n.d.). Retrieved from byjus.com: https://byjus.com/chemistry/non-metals/
Cambridge Dictionary. (n.d.). Retrieved from dictionary.cambridge.org:
https://dictionary.cambridge.org/us/dictionary/english/infrared#google_vig
nette
Chua, L. a. (2021). National Nutrition Council. Retrieved from nnc.gov.ph:
https://nnc.gov.ph/regional-offices/visayas/region-vii-central-
visayas/6221-benefits-of-proper-solid-waste-management-to-our-
health?fbclid=IwAR3rw-
BHOcVN6PhSIYDNzOWi8mOX_aLrTEGS4PlD_KK1ZLv9SIL5HPmCy
Fg
Cooper. (2015). Waste Advantage. Retrieved from wasteadvantagemag.com:
https://wasteadvantagemag.com/recycling-the-benefits-of-metal-
separation/?fbclid=IwAR3atFHJYtTz92bw5uQjfKStt4PAITeFg5ZUHgRc
QlGKvgBH9aNCw7Sv6f0
Coracero et al. (2021). Research Gate. Retrieved from researchgate.net:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/357392729_A_Long-
Standing_Problem_A_Review_on_the_Solid_Waste_Management_in_the
_Philippines
Crowell, G. (2019). Circuit Bread. Retrieved from circuitbread.com:
https://www.circuitbread.com/ee-faq/what-is-a-breadboard
Endaya, M. G. (2020). LPU-Laguna Journal of Engineering and Computer
Studies. Retrieved from lpulaguna.edu.ph: https://lpulaguna.edu.ph/wp-
content/uploads/2022/01/6.-Endaya-Mabitasan-Gonzales-Waste-

GENERAL MAMERTO NATIVIDAD NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL| 33

Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics(STEM)
Innovation of a Waste Segregator Trash Bin with Integrate Charging Station; A Metal
and Non-metal Sorting Solution

Segregator.pdf?fbclid=IwAR1svXDMinhIS6RDqfdEleUo1a4NJrDhmGno
E1al_S5ViSizCHZrEV1LtuQ
Fly Robo. (n.d.). Retrieved from flyrobo.in: https://www.flyrobo.in/blog/what-is-
arduino-uno
Gaikwad, e. a. (2022 ). iJRASET. Retrieved from ijraset.com:
https://www.ijraset.com/research-paper/design-and-manufacturing-of-
metal-and-non-metal-sorting?fbclid=IwAR2DaRqYI6di-
BYL5ChTal4k6OALuc13a9M570VnftEHxtek7X1AsRZl9Ig
Hemmings, M. (2018 , January 30). sparkfun EDUCATION. Retrieved from
blog.sparkfuneducation.com: https://blog.sparkfuneducation.com/what-is-
jumper-wire
Iyer. (2018). Electronics Lovers. Retrieved from electronicslovers.com:
https://electronicslovers.com/amp/2018/10/arduino-based-automated-
waste-segregator-final-year-
project.html?fbclid=IwAR163Fz9cHU3VuSo18jBNMO7HT_ueL3k6mjn1
XxcIcex8vC0mVRcebwzRSo
Manda, e. a. (2021). Research Gate. Retrieved from researchgate.net:
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Editor-
Ijmtst/publication/356781981_UV_Sterilizing_Dustbin/links/61ab814d50e
22929cd47e3e0/UV-Sterilizing-Dustbin.pdf
Merriam Webster. (n.d.). Retrieved from merriam-webster.com:
https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/automatic
Merriam Webster. (n.d.). Retrieved from merriam-webster.com:
https://www.merriam-webster.com/medical/reaction%20time
MOOC: Auditing waste management. (n.d.). Retrieved from sisu.ut.ee:
https://sisu.ut.ee/waste/11-definition-and-classification-waste/
Oxford Learner's Dictionaries. (n.d.). Retrieved from
oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com:
https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/us/definition/english/inductive
Oxford Learner's Dictionary. (n.d.). Retrieved from
oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com:
https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/us/definition/english/ultrasoni
c
Oxford Learner's Dictionary. (n.d.). Retrieved from
oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/:

GENERAL MAMERTO NATIVIDAD NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL| 34

Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics(STEM)
Innovation of a Waste Segregator Trash Bin with Integrate Charging Station; A Metal
and Non-metal Sorting Solution

https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/us/definition/english/ultraviol
et
Perin, G. a. (2018). Research Gate. Retrieved from researchgate.net:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/361303221_Implementation_of_
Arduino_Software_in_Developing_Waste_Segregation_System?fbclid=Iw
AR1nAoYVB6BIX_RhWa0v0qFNPvxo8QXKJi1lddv3nNSb7UK1cLRJK
TTCDrw
Quartz Components. (n.d.). Retrieved from quartzcomponents.com:
https://quartzcomponents.com/products/arduino-uno-programming-cable
Rajeswari, M. M. (2019). Research Gate. Retrieved from researchgate.net:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/377473524_Automatic_Waste_S
egregator
Schreiber, B. A. (2024). Britannica. Retrieved from britannica.com:
https://www.britannica.com/science/metal-chemistry
Scott, J. a. (2022). National Library of Medicine. Retrieved from
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9160814/
Sharan, I. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://kth.diva-portal.org/: https://kth.diva-
portal.org/smash/get/diva2:1708347/FULLTEXT01.pdf?fbclid=IwAR3-
XPoyjZcCVCPB3OnBWTCu9UWQTqJzQjHn8upDsVea5QEKTrV_hGm
GhYU
Shoppee. (n.d.). Retrieved from help.shopee.ph:
https://help.shopee.ph/portal/4/article/81343-[Shipping-Fee]-How-is-the-
shipping-fee-calculated-if-I-purchase-products-from-different-sellers-in-
one-
order%3F#:~:text=Shipping%20fee%20is%20the%20cost,fees%20charged
%20by%20each%20seller.
Sumich. (2022). Eco Resources. Retrieved from ecoresources.net:
https://ecoresources.net.au/benefits-of-waste-
management/?fbclid=IwAR25vglTHyZz86MOxMGL74mW5svRjhEBP2lI
oi0PSZPyv5F2R4wt_zOKvHk
trade india. (n.d.). Retrieved from tradeindia.com:
https://www.tradeindia.com/question-answer/what-is-the-purpose-of-a-
battery-clip/

GENERAL MAMERTO NATIVIDAD NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL| 35

Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics(STEM)
Innovation of a Waste Segregator Trash Bin with Integrate Charging Station; A Metal
and Non-metal Sorting Solution

Vivar, S. A. (2015 ). Research Gate. Retrieved from researchgate.net:

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/319502638_Village-
Level_Solid_Waste_Management_in_Lahug_Cebu_City_Philippines
vocabulary.com. (n.d.). Retrieved from vocabulary.com:
https://www.vocabulary.com/dictionary/trash%20bin#:~:text=Definitions
%20of%20trash%20bin,container%3B%20usually%20has%20a%20lid

GENERAL MAMERTO NATIVIDAD NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL| 36

Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics(STEM)
Innovation of a Waste Segregator Trash Bin with Integrate Charging Station; A Metal
and Non-metal Sorting Solution

APPENDICES
Appendix 1: Letter to Conduct a Study

Republic of the Philippines

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
REGION III
DIVISION OF NUEVA ECIJA
GENERAL MAMERTO NATIVIDAD NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

May 17, 2024

Dear respondent,
We are presently conducting a study entitled “Innovation of a Waste Segregator
Trash Bin with Integrated Charging Station: A Metal and Non-Metal Sorting
Solution”, as a requirement for the Practical Research I.
The purpose of this study is to create and develop an Automatic Waste
Segregator (Metal and Non-Metal) Trash Bin using Arduino-Uno with Integrated
Charging Station that can properly segregate waste and can also charge devices to
conserve energy. The researcher will be using Arduino Uno, different types of
sensors and solar panel to successfully generate this study. Your participation in this
study will involve answering a series of questionnaires designed to gather data and
insights related to your experiences as the respondent.
You are assured that all of the data and information that you provide for
answering the survey will be treated with confidentiality and anonymized. The
researcher ensures that your personal identity will remain anonymous throughout
the study. Your provided data and information will only be used in this study and
will not be shared with any parties.
Your participation in this study is purely voluntary. You have the right to
accept or decline this study, and you have the right to withdraw your consent
without facing any negative consequences. Your decision regarding this study will
be respected and will have no impact on your relationship with our community.
If you have any questions or concerns about the study entitled " Innovation
of a Waste Segregator Trash Bin with Integrated Charging Station: A Metal and
Non-Metal Sorting Solution" or about your participation as the respondent of the

GENERAL MAMERTO NATIVIDAD NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL| 37

Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics(STEM)
Innovation of a Waste Segregator Trash Bin with Integrate Charging Station; A Metal
and Non-metal Sorting Solution

research, You are feel free to contact the researcher at [email protected]

or 09266244813 for convenient communication. The researcher is happy to address
any questions you may have about the study. To indicate your consent to participate,
please sign the enclosed copy of this letter.
Thank you for considering this request, and the researcher sincerely
appreciates your time and cooperation with this study. Your participation will
contribute significantly to the advancement of knowledge in the field of innovation
and the advancement of technology.
Respectlfully yours,

ZYRA MITZ R. LAGASCA

RICA ANTHONETTE M. RICO

JASMINE D. RAVINA

DANIELOU F. DEREPITE

Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM)

ALBERT CALUYA
Researcher advisor

Respondent Printed Name/ Signature

GENERAL MAMERTO NATIVIDAD NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL| 38

Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics(STEM)
Innovation of a Waste Segregator Trash Bin with Integrate Charging Station; A Metal
and Non-metal Sorting Solution

Appendix 2: Survey Questionnaire

View of Students of GMNNHS on Automatic Waste Segregator Using
Arduino Uno

Instruction: Based on your assessment, please answer the questionnaire honestly

by checking (✔) your experience in using the Automatic Waste Segregator in
terms of the following parameters:

Legend: 4 – Excellent

3 – Good

2 – Fair

1 – Poor

4.1 Perceived Ease of Use

4 3 2 1
Questions
(Excellent) (Good) (Fair) (Poor)

1. How easy do you find the interface of the

waste segregator system to use?
2. How intuitive is the process of segregating
waste with the system?
3.How much effort is required to operate the
waste segregator system?
4. How user-friendly do you find the waste
segregator system's design?
5. How likely are you to recommend the waste
segregator system to others based on its ease of
use?

GENERAL MAMERTO NATIVIDAD NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL| 39

Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics(STEM)
Innovation of a Waste Segregator Trash Bin with Integrate Charging Station; A Metal
and Non-metal Sorting Solution

4.2 Perceived Ease of Usefulness

4 3 2 1
Statements
(Excellent) (Good) (Fair) (Poor)

1. The waste segregator have the ability to

handle varying volume of waste materials.

2. Waste segregator integration with other waste

management systems or process satisfies you.

3. The automatic waste segregator improves the

efficiency of waste segregation processes in
your facility.

4.The waste segregator effectively sterilize or

sanitize waste materials.

5. The waste segregator’s accuracy in

identifying different types of waste product
have positive impact.

4.3 Satisfaction

Statements 4 3 2 1
(Excellent) (Good) (Fair) (Poor)

1. The waste segregator have the ability to

handle varying volume of waste materials.

GENERAL MAMERTO NATIVIDAD NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL| 40

Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics(STEM)
Innovation of a Waste Segregator Trash Bin with Integrate Charging Station; A Metal
and Non-metal Sorting Solution

2. Waste segregator integration with other waste

management systems or process satisfies you.

3. The automatic waste segregator improves the

efficiency of waste segregation processes in
your facility.
4.The waste segregator effectively sterilize or
sanitize waste materials

5. The waste segregator’s accuracy in

identifying different types of waste product have
positive impact.

GENERAL MAMERTO NATIVIDAD NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL| 41

Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics(STEM)
Innovation of a Waste Segregator Trash Bin with Integrate Charging Station; A Metal
and Non-metal Sorting Solution

Appendix 3: Cost Analysis

The researchers' examination of the finances is discussed in this section of
the study. It will assess the program, project, therapy, or other course of action in
terms of how much money or resources it needs to use for the end outcome to be
effective.
COMPONENT QUANTITY UNIT COST TOTAL COST

Arduino Uno 1 500 500

Arduino Uno USB 1 100 100

Cable

Infrared Sensor 1 30 30

Inductive Sensor 1 75 75

Breadboard 1 65 65

Jumper Wires 1 (1 pack consists at 30 30

least 30 pieces )

Plywood 3 445 1,335

Trash bin 2 85 170

Solar Charging System 1 1500 1500

Consultation 3 500 1500

TOTAL: _ _ 5, 405

Table 3. Cost Analysis

GENERAL MAMERTO NATIVIDAD NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL| 42

Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics(STEM)
Innovation of a Waste Segregator Trash Bin with Integrated Charging Station: A Metal and Non-
Metal Sorting Solution

GENERAL MAMERTO NATIVIDAD NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL| 43

Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics(STEM)