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Exp 3 and 4

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50 views6 pages

Exp 3 and 4

Uploaded by

teslatree076
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Experiment 3: Verification of Superposition Theorem

Aim: To verify Superposition Theorem.

Objective: To apply the principle of Superposition Theorem for electrical network containing
independent DC sources.

Apparatus: Digital multi-meter, power supply, resistance (wire wound), Connecting Wires
Circuit diagram:

THEORY OF EXPERIMENT:
Superposition theorem states that in a linear network containing several independent sources, the
overall response at any point in the network equals the sum of responses due to each independent
source considered separately with all other independently sources made inoperative (short
circuited). To make a source inoperative, it is short circuited leaving behind its internal resistance
if it is a voltage source, and it is open circuited leaving behind its internal resistance if it is a
current source.

In most electrical circuit analysis problems, a circuit is energized by a single independent energy
source. In such cases, it is quite easy to find the response (i.e., current, voltage, power) in a
particular branch of the circuit using simple network reduction techniques (i.e., series parallel
combination, star delta transformation, etc.).
However, in the presence of more than one independent source in the circuit, the response cannot
be determined by direct application of network reduction techniques. In such a situation, the
principle of superposition may be applied to a linear network, to find the resultant response due
to all the sources acting simultaneously.

The superposition theorem is based on the principle of superposition. The principle of


Superposition states that the response (a desired current or the voltage) at any point in the linear
network having more than one independent source can be obtained as the sum of responses
caused by the separate independent sources acting alone. The validity of principle of
superposition means that the presence of one excitation sources does not affect the response due
to other excitations.
Procedure:
Connect the circuit as shown in figure.
1. Connect the DC power supply of 10V (V1) and short the power supply of 5V
(V2) in the circuit.
2. Now take the voltage with the help of DMM. Across the R1 ,R2 & R3
3. Connect the dc power supply of 5V (V2) and short the power supply of 10 V(V1)
in the circuit.
4. Take the voltage with the help of DMM acrossR1, R2 & R3.
5. Now connect both the voltage sources of 10V &5V in the circuit and again take
the voltages with the help of DMM across R1,R2 & R3
Observation table:

WHEN V1 IS ACTIVE WHEN V2 IS ACTIVE WHEN V1 & V2ARE


ACTIVE

THEORETICAL PRACTICAL THEORETICAL PRACTICAL THEORETICAL PRACTICAL


VALUE VALUE VALUE VALUE VALUE VALUE

VR1

VR2

VR3
Conclusion:
The superposition theorem is verified.
Discussion
1. What are the advantages and disadvantages of using superposition Theorem?

2. Why superposition theorem is not applied to non-linear circuits?

3. Can superposition theorem be applied to circuit having A.C sources? If yes, then what will be
its requirements?

4. How can superposition theorem be applied to network containing both independent and
dependent sources?

Instructor’s sign . Date of Exp Teacher’s sign


Experiment 4:To Verify Thevenin Theorem and find out
Thevenin’s Equivalent circuit using DC Sources

Aim: To verify Thevenin’s Theorem and find out Thevenin’s Equivalent circuit using DC
Sources.

Objective: To apply the principle of Thevenin’s Theorem for electrical network containing
independent DC sources and to find out Thevenin’s Equivalent circuit.

Apparatus: Digital Multi-meter, Power Supply, Resistance (wire wound), Connecting Wires

Circuit diagram:
R1=1KΩ R2=1KΩ

V1=10V
R2=1KΩ RL=1.5KΩ

Theory Of Experiment:

Sometimes, we wish to determine the response in a single load resistance in a network.


Thevenin’s Theorem enables us to replace the remainder of the network by a simple equivalent
circuit. Determining response in the load resistance, then becomes easier. The use of Thevenin’s
Theorem is specially very helpful and time saving when we wish to find the response for
different values of load resistance. Thevenin’s Theorem states that current through a load
resistance connected across any two points of an active network can be obtained by the formula:
IL=Vth/(Rth+RL)
Where Vth is the open circuit voltage at the terminals of RL when RL is disconnected and Rth is
the equivalent resistance viewed from the output terminals when all the sources replaced by their
internal resistance only(short circuit the voltage sources).
Procedure:
1. Connect the circuit as shown in figure.
2. Short the voltage source(V1)and remove the Load resistance RL in the circuit and measure the
Rth across R2 & R3.
3. Connect the DC power supply to resistance R1 as shown in figure. Adjust voltage of supply to
10V.and measure Vth across R3 .
4. Connect the load resistance RL in the circuit and measure the Load current( IL)
5. Now make the thevenins equivalent circuit and measure load current ILꞌ.

Observation table:
Vth Rth IL IL ꞌ
(V) (KΩ ) (mA) (mA)
Theoretical
value
Practical
value

Calculations:
Calculate current by using the given formulae
IL=Vth /(Rth+RL)
Where Vth is the open circuit voltage at the load terminals when R L disconnected, Rth is the
equivalent resistance viewed from the output terminals when all the sources are replaced by their
internal resistance. IL is the current through resistance RL.

Result:
The Thevenin’s Theorem has been verified.

Conclusion:
The Thevenin’s Theorem is verified and the Thevenin’s equivalent circuit is obtained.
Discussion:
1. What are the advantages and disadvantages of using Thevenin Theorem?

2. Why Thevenin Theorem is not applicable to non-linear circuits?

3. Can Thevenin Theorem be applied to circuit having A.C sources? Justify your answer.

Instructor’s Sign Date of Experiment Teacher’s Sign

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