Solution

WORKSHEET CHAPTER 8

Class 12 - Physics
1. Read the text carefully and answer the questions:
Radio waves are produced by the accelerated motion of charges in conducting wires. Microwaves are produced by special vacuum
tubes. Infrared waves are produced by hot bodies and molecules also known as heat waves. UV rays are produced by special
lamps and very hot bodies like Sun.

(i) (a) Option (i)

Explanation: transverse electromagnetic wave
(ii) (c) Infrared rays
Explanation: Greenhouse effect is due to infrared rays.
(iii) (a) it stops ultraviolet rays
Explanation: Ozone layer absorbs the harmful ultraviolet radiations coming from the sun.
(iv) (d) stratosphere
Explanation: Ozone layer lies in stratosphere.
(v) (b) infrared
Explanation: The atmosphere of earth is richest in infrared radiation.
2. Read the text carefully and answer the questions:
Electrons oscillating in a circuit give rise to radiowaves. A transmitting antenna radiates most effectively the radiowaves of
wavelength equal to the size of the antenna. The infrared waves incident on a substance set into oscillation all its electrons, atoms
and molecules. This increases the internal energy and hence the temperature of the substance.
(i) (d) v = v = v
g X m

Explanation: All electromagnetic waves travel in vacuum with the same speed.
(ii) (d) cathode rays
Explanation: Cathode rays (beam of electrons) get deflected in an electric field.
(iii) (b) ionization chamber
Explanation: γ -rays are detected by ionization chamber.
(iv) (a) 1014 Hz
Explanation: Size of particle = λ = c

= 3 × 1014 Hz
10 −1

ν = c

λ
=
3× 10 cm s

−4
3× 10 cm

(v) (d) Option (i)

Explanation: Everybody at a temperature T > 0 K emits radiation in the infrared region.
3. Read the text carefully and answer the questions:
A stationary charge produces only an electrostatic field while a charge in uniform motion produces a magnetic field, that does not
change with time. An oscillating charge is an example of accelerating charge. It produces an oscillating magnetic field, which in
turn produces an oscillating electric fields and so on. The oscillating electric and magnetic fields regenerate each other as a wave

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 which propagates through space.

(i) (a) E⃗ = B0c sin (kx + ω t) k

^
V/m
Explanation: Given : B⃗ = B0 sin (kx + ω t)^j T
The relation between electric and magnetic field is, c = E

B
or E = cB
The electric field component is perpendicular to the direction of propagation and the direction of magnetic field.
Therefore, the electric field component along z-axis is obtained as E⃗ = cB0 sin (kx + ω t) k
^
V/m
2E0
(ii) (b) j sin kz sin ω t
^
c

Explanation: = −
dE

dz
dB

dt
dE dB

dz
= -2 E0k sin kz cos ω t = − dt

dB = +2 E0k sin kz cos ω t dt

B = +2 E0k sin kz ∫ cos ω t dt = +2 E0 k

ω
sin kz sin ω t
E0 ω
= = c
B0 k

2E0 2E0
B= c
sin kz sin ω t ∴ B⃗ = c
sin kz sin ω t ^j
E is along y-direction and the wave propagates along x-axis.
∴ B should be in a direction perpendicular to both x-and y-axis.

(iii) (c) 0.021 μT

Explanation: Here, E = 6.3 ^j ; c = 3 × 108 m/s
The magnitude of B is
= 2.1 × 10-8 T = 0.021 μ T
6.3
Bz = E

c
= 8
3×10

(iv) (b) E y = 66 cos 2π × 10

11
(t −
x

c
) ,B z = 2.2 × 10
−7
cos 2π × 10
11
(t −
x

c
)

Explanation: Here : E0 = 66 V m-1, Ey = 66 cos ω (t − x

c
) ,

λ = 3 mm = 3 × 10-3 m, k = 2π

k
= c ⇒ ω = ck = 3 × 108 × 2π

−3
3×10

or ω = 2π × 1011
1011(t −
x
∴ Ey = 66 cos 2π ×
c
)

Ey
66 x
Bz = c
=( 8
) cos 2π × 10
11
(t −
c
)
3×10

= 2.2 × 10-7 cos 2π 1011(t −

x
× )
c

(v) (a) 3.1 × 10-8 T

Explanation: At a particular point, E = 9.3 V m-1
9.3
∴ Magnetic field at the same point =
8
3×10

= 3.1 × 10-8 T
4. Read the text carefully and answer the questions:
Maxwell showed that the speed of an electromagnetic wave depends on the permeability and permittivity of the medium through
which it travels. The speed of an electromagnetic wave in free space is given by c = . The fact led Maxwell to predict that 1

√μ0 ε0

light is an electromagnetic wave. The emergence of the speed of light from purely electromagnetic considerations is the crowning
achievement of Maxwell’s electromagnetic theory. The speed of an electromagnetic wave in any medium of permeability μ and
c
permittivity ε will be where K is the dielectric constant of the medium and μ is the relative permeability. r
√Kμ
r

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 (i) (b) ML-1T-2
Energy
Explanation: 1

2
ε0 E
2
= energy density = Volume

= [ML-1T-2]
2 −2
1 2 ML T
∴ [ ε0 E ] =
2 3
L

(ii) (c) [ε ] = M-1L-3T4A2

0
q1 q2
Explanation: As ε = 0 2
(from Coulomb's law)
4πFR
2

= M-1L-3T4A2
2 [AT]
ε0 = C

2 −2 2
Nm MLT L

(iii) (a) wavelength is halved and the frequency remains unchanged.

Explanation: The frequency of the electromagnetic wave remains same when it passes from one medium to another.
−− −
−
Refractive index of the medium, n = √ ε

ε0
= √
4

1
=2
Wavelength of the electromagnetic wave in the medium,
λ λ
λmed = =
n 2

(iv) (a) β -rays

Explanation: β -rays consists of electrons which are not electromagnetic in nature.
(v) (c) the speed of light c = 3 × 108 m s-1 in free space
Explanation: The velocity of electromagnetic waves in free space (vacuum) is equal to velocity of light in vacuum
(i.e., 3 × 108 m s-1).
5. Read the text carefully and answer the questions:
An electromagnetic wave transports linear momentum as it travels through space. If an electromagnetic wave transfers a total
energy U to a surface in time t, then total linear momentum delivered to the surface is p = . When an electromagnetic wave falls U

on a surface, it exerts pressure on the surface. In 1903, the American scientists Nichols and Hull succeeded in measuring radiation
pressures of visible light where other had failed, by making a detailed empirical analysis of the ubiquitous gas heating and ballistic
effects.
(i) (a) I

Explanation: Pressure exerted by an electromagnetic radiation, P =

I

(ii) (b) 6 × 10-4 N/m2

2
Energy flux 18 W/cm
Explanation: P rad =
Speed of light
=
8
3× 10 m/s
4 2

10-4 N/m2
18× 10 W/m
= 8
=6×
3× 10 m/s

(iii) (c) 0.166 × 10-8 N m-2

Explanation: P =
I

c
=
0.5

8
= 0.166 × 10-8 N m-2
3×10

(iv) (d) 100

P 1
Explanation: Intensity of EM wave is given by I = 2
Vav =
2
ε0 E
0
2
× c
4πR
−−−−−− −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
1500
⇒ E0 = √
P

2
=√ 2 −12 8
2π R ε0 c 2×3.14(3) ×8.85× 10 ×3× 10

= √10, 000 = 100 V m-1

−−−−−−

(v) (b) 10-6 N/m2

Explanation: The radiation pressure of visible light
= 7 × 10-6 N/m2
6. Read the text carefully and answer the questions:
In an electromagnetic wave both the electric and magnetic fields are perpendicular to the direction of propagation, that is why
electromagnetic waves are transverse in nature. Electromagnetic waves carry energy as they travel through space and this energy
is shared equally by the electric and magnetic fields. Energy density of an electromagnetic waves is the energy in unit volume of
the space through which the wave travels.
(i) (c) E⃗ × B⃗
Explanation: Electromagnetic waves propagate in the direction of E
​ ⃗ × B⃗ .

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 (ii) (a) photon
Explanation: Photon is the fundamental particle in an electromagnetic wave.
(iii) (c) polarisation
Explanation: Polarisation establishes the wave nature of electromagnetic waves.
(iv) (a) frequency
Explanation: Frequency ν remains unchanged when a wave propagates from one medium to another. Both
wavelength and velocity get changed.
(v) (c) in phase and perpendicular to each other
Explanation: The electric and magnetic fields of an electromagnetic wave are in phase and perpendicular to each
other.
7. Read the text carefully and answer the questions:
A stationary charge produces only an electrostatic field while a charge in uniform motion produces a magnetic field, that does not
change with time. An oscillating charge is an example of accelerating charge. It produces an oscillating magnetic field, which in
turn produces an oscillating electric fields and so on. The oscillating electric and magnetic fields regenerate each other as a wave
which propagates through space.

(i) (a) E⃗ = B0c sin (kx + ω t) k

^
V/m
Explanation: Given : B⃗ = B0 sin (kx + ω t)^j T
The relation between electric and magnetic field is, c = E

B
or E = cB
The electric field component is perpendicular to the direction of propagation and the direction of magnetic field.
Therefore, the electric field component along z-axis is obtained as E⃗ = cB0 sin (kx + ω t) k
^
V/m
2E0
(ii) (b) ^
j sin kz sin ω t
c
dE dB
Explanation: dz
= −
dt
dE

dz
= -2 E0k sin kz cos ω t = − dB

dt

dB = +2 E0k sin kz cos ω t dt

B = +2 E0k sin kz ∫ cos ω t dt = +2 E0 k

ω
sin kz sin ω t
E0 ω
= = c
B0 k

2E0 2E0
B= c
sin kz sin ω t ∴ B⃗ = c
sin kz sin ω t ^j
E is along y-direction and the wave propagates along x-axis.
∴ B should be in a direction perpendicular to both x-and y-axis.

(iii) (c) 0.021 μT

Explanation: Here, E = 6.3 ^j ; c = 3 × 108 m/s
The magnitude of B is
Bz = E

c
= 6.3

8
= 2.1 × 10-8 T = 0.021 μ T
3×10

(iv) (b) E y = 66 cos 2π × 10

11
(t −
x

c
) ,B
z = 2.2 × 10
−7
cos 2π × 10
11
(t −
x

c
)

Explanation: Here : E0 = 66 V m-1, Ey = 66 cos ω (t − x

c
) ,

λ = 3 mm = 3 × 10-3 m, k = 2π

k
= c ⇒ ω = ck = 3 × 108 × 2π

−3
3×10

or ω = 2π × 1011
∴ Ey = 66 cos 2π × 1011(t − x

c
)

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 Ey
Bz = c
=( 66

8
) cos 2π × 10
11
(t −
x

c
)
3×10

= 2.2 × 10-7 cos 2π × 1011(t − x

c
)

(v) (a) 3.1 × 10-8 T

Explanation: At a particular point, E = 9.3 V m-1
∴ Magnetic field at the same point =
9.3

8
3×10

= 3.1 × 10-8 T
8. Read the text carefully and answer the questions:
In an electromagnetic wave both the electric and magnetic fields are perpendicular to the direction of propagation, that is why
electromagnetic waves are transverse in nature. Electromagnetic waves carry energy as they travel through space and this energy
is shared equally by the electric and magnetic fields. Energy density of an electromagnetic waves is the energy in unit volume of
the space through which the wave travels.
(i) (c) E⃗ × B⃗
Explanation: Electromagnetic waves propagate in the direction of E
​ ⃗ × B⃗ .
(ii) (a) photon
Explanation: Photon is the fundamental particle in an electromagnetic wave.
(iii) (c) polarisation
Explanation: Polarisation establishes the wave nature of electromagnetic waves.
(iv) (a) frequency
Explanation: Frequency ν remains unchanged when a wave propagates from one medium to another. Both
wavelength and velocity get changed.
(v) (c) in phase and perpendicular to each other
Explanation: The electric and magnetic fields of an electromagnetic wave are in phase and perpendicular to each
other.
9. Read the text carefully and answer the questions:
Maxwell showed that the speed of an electromagnetic wave depends on the permeability and permittivity of the medium through
which it travels. The speed of an electromagnetic wave in free space is given by c = . The fact led Maxwell to predict that μ ε
1

√ 0 0

light is an electromagnetic wave. The emergence of the speed of light from purely electromagnetic considerations is the crowning
achievement of Maxwell’s electromagnetic theory. The speed of an electromagnetic wave in any medium of permeability μ and
permittivity ε will be where K is the dielectric constant of the medium and μ is the relative permeability.
c
r
√Kμ
r

(i) (b) ML-1T-2

Energy
Explanation: 1

2
ε0 E
2
= energy density = Volume

= [ML-1T-2]
2 −2
1 2 ML T
∴ [ ε0 E ] =
2 3
L

(ii) (c) [ε ] = M-1L-3T4A2

0
q1 q2
Explanation: As ε = 0 2
(from Coulomb's law)
4πFR
2

= M-1L-3T4A2
2 [AT]
ε0 = C

2 −2 2
Nm MLT L

(iii) (a) wavelength is halved and the frequency remains unchanged.

Explanation: The frequency of the electromagnetic wave remains same when it passes from one medium to another.
−− −
−
Refractive index of the medium, n = √ ε

ε0
= √
4

1
=2
Wavelength of the electromagnetic wave in the medium,
λ λ
λmed = =
n 2

(iv) (a) β -rays

Explanation: β -rays consists of electrons which are not electromagnetic in nature.
(v) (c) the speed of light c = 3 × 108 m s-1 in free space
Explanation: The velocity of electromagnetic waves in free space (vacuum) is equal to velocity of light in vacuum
(i.e., 3 × 108 m s-1).

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10. Read the text carefully and answer the questions:
In an electromagnetic wave both the electric and magnetic fields are perpendicular to the direction of propagation, that is why
electromagnetic waves are transverse in nature. Electromagnetic waves carry energy as they travel through space and this energy
is shared equally by the electric and magnetic fields. Energy density of an electromagnetic waves is the energy in unit volume of
the space through which the wave travels.
(i) (c) E⃗ × B⃗
Explanation: Electromagnetic waves propagate in the direction of E
​ ⃗ × B⃗ .
(ii) (a) photon
Explanation: Photon is the fundamental particle in an electromagnetic wave.
(iii) (c) polarisation
Explanation: Polarisation establishes the wave nature of electromagnetic waves.
(iv) (a) frequency
Explanation: Frequency ν remains unchanged when a wave propagates from one medium to another. Both
wavelength and velocity get changed.
(v) (c) in phase and perpendicular to each other
Explanation: The electric and magnetic fields of an electromagnetic wave are in phase and perpendicular to each
other.
11.
(d) Electric and magnetic fields are coupled
Explanation: A time varying electric field is source of changing magnetic field and vice versa. Hence electric and magnetic
fields are coupled in em-waves.
12.
2
q
(c) 2
2ϵ0 A

2 2
ϵo E q
Explanation: Energy density = 2
=
2
2ϵ0 A
q
as E = ϵo
σ
and σ =
A

13.
(d) magnetic field
Explanation: A changing electric field gives rise to a magnetic field.
14.
(d) electric field is changing
Explanation:
i. Displaced current is defined as the change in the rate of the flow of current or the flow of current changes in the direction.
ii. When the electric field changes with time, then there is a possibility of the occurrence of displaced current.
iii. The current value will also change when the electric field changes.
iv. If there is a steady motion of the electric field, then the current conduction will be also in a steady manner.

15.
(c) both a.c. and d.c.
Explanation: Conduction current is the same as displacement whether the source is a.c. or d.c.
1
16. (a) r

Explanation: A diode antenna radiates the electromagnetic waves outwards. The amplitude of electric field vector (E0) is
inversely proportional as the distance (r) from the antenna,
i.e., E ∝ 0
1

17.
(c) [ E⃗ = E 0
^ ⃗ ^
i , B = B0 j ]

Explanation: S ⃗ = E⃗ × B⃗ = E 0
^ ^ ^
i × B0 j = E0 B0 k

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18.
(b) 1

√με

Explanation: In a material medium, v = 1

for an em wave.
√με

19.
(d) 10-7 sin 200π (ct - x)
Explanation: 10-7 sin 200π (ct - x)
20. (a) Vacuum
Explanation: Velocity of light is maximum in vacuum and is equal to 3 × 108 m/s.
21.
(c) polarization
Explanation: The phenomenon of polarisation establishes the transverse nature of electromagnetic waves.
22. (a) 7.14 ×10 14
Hz
8

Explanation: ν = c

λ
=
3×10

−7
= 7.14 × 10
14
Hz
4.2×10

23.
(c) 36 × 10-4 kg m/s
Explanation: Given, energy flux ϕ = 20 W/cm2
Area, A = 30 cm2
Time, t = 30 min = 30 × 60 s
Now, total energy falling on the surface in time t is,
U = ϕ At = 20 × 30 × (30 × 60) J
U
Momentum of the incident light = c

= 36 × 10-4 kg-ms-1
20×30×(30×60)
=
8
3×10

Momentum of the reflected light = 0

∴ Momentum delivered to the surface

36 × 10-4 - 0 = 36 × 10-4 kg-ms-1

24.
(c) 9.94 ×10 −19
J
−34 8

Explanation: E = hc

λ
=
6.63× 10 ×3× 10

−9
200×10

−19
= 9.94 × 10 J

E
25. (a)
√2

Explanation: We know the electric field intensity on a surface due to incident radiation is
2
Iav ∝ E
Pav 2
∝ E
A

Here, P ∝ E [∵ A is same in both cases]

av
2

−−
−
We know that, E ∝ √P 0 av
−−−−−
′ ( Pav )1
E

E
= √
( Pav )
...(i)
2

′ −−
−
E 50
= √
E 100

E'= E

√2

26.
(d) A is false but R is true
Explanation: Displacement current is not the current produced due *o charge carriers but it is due to varying electric flux with
the tune. It is the current in the sense that it produces a magnetic field. The displacement current is given by:
dϕE
Id = ε0
dt

It will happen when the charge on the capacitor does not remain constant but changes with time.

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27. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: The changing electric field produces displacement current, which is very small and hence the magnetic field
setup by it is also small, the same cannot be observed easily. In an A.C. circuit displacement current can be increased by
increasing the angular frequency of current. This would increase the induced magnetic field. On the other hand, the induced
electric field due to changing magnetic flux can be increased by taking more number of turns of the coil. Thus it is more easy to
increase the number of turns of coils than to increase the angular frequency of current.
28.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
29.
(d) Assertion is wrong statement but reason is correct statement.
Explanation: Assertion is wrong statement but reason is correct statement.
Soft and hard X-rays differ only in frequency. Soft X-rays have low frequency as compared to hard X - rays. But both types of
X-rays travel with speed of light.
30.
(c) A is true but R is false.
Explanation: Cones in the retina of the human eye are most sensitive for radiation of wavelength λ = 5600 × 10-10 m.
Therefore, its frequency
= 5.36 × 1014 Hz
8

v= c

λ
=
3×10

−10
5600×10

Hence, eye is most sensitive for the light of frequency 5.36 × 1014 Hz
31.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: Electromagnetic waves transport linear momentum as well as energy. When electromagnetic waves strike a
surface, a pressure is exerted on the surface. If the intensity of wave is I, the radiation pressure P (force per unit area) exerted
I
on the perfectly absorbing surface is P =
C
.

32. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: Both assertion and reason are true. In the absence of the Greenhouse effect, the earth will become cold.
33.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: Consider a plane perpendicular to the direction of propagation of the electromagnetic wave. If electric charges
are present in this plane, they will be set and sustained in motion by the electric and magnetic fields of the electromagnetic
wave. The charge thus acquired energy and momentum from the wave. This illustrates the fact that an electromagnetic wave
like other waves carries energy and momentum.
34.
(c) A is true but R is false.
Explanation: This electromagnetic wave contains a sinusoidally time-varying electric and magnetic fields which act
perpendicular to each other as well as at right angle to the direction of propagation of waves, so electromagnetic waves are
transverse in nature. Electromagnetic waves propagate in the perpendicular direction to both fields.
35.
(d) Both A and R are false.
Explanation: The small ozone layer present on the top of the stratosphere absorbs ultraviolet radiations, X-rays, γ -rays from
the sun along with the cosmic rays. These rays are dangerous and cause genetic damage to the living cells. The ozone layer
prevent them from reaching the earth's surface, which are very harmful for plants, animals and human beings and thus helps in
the survival of the life. The environmental damage has decreased the amount of ozone in the atmosphere, which increases the
change of ultraviolet radiation reaching earth.

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