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Application Case of Transformer Differential Protection Using ETAP

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183 views6 pages

Application Case of Transformer Differential Protection Using ETAP

Uploaded by

mjavadzz1374
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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"Application case of transformer differential protection using ETAP"

Differential Protection Basics


• Differential protection is based on a Kirchhoff's Current Law . The idea behind differential
protection is to detect and isolate faults within a specific zone, ensuring that only the faulty section is
disconnected while the rest of the system remains operational.

• The currents measured at the two points are compared. Under normal operating conditions, the
current entering the zone should equal the current leaving the zone (considering the turns ratio in a
transformer). If there is a difference (differential current) between these two currents, it indicates a
possible fault within the protected zone.

• The area between the two CTs is considered as the protective zone.

Operating Procedure
Applications
Differential protection is commonly applied to protect critical equipment like transformers, generators,
busbars, motors, and long transmission lines, where accurate fault detection and fast isolation are essential.

Characteristics

Calculations
• Low set current value (zero slope) will take care of CT, relay and transformer tap errors.
• Slope 1 will take care of CT measurement mismatch due to increasing load on transformer.
(Saturation effect if any).
• Slope 2 will take care of the external faults and measurment error due to different CT side saturation
effects.
• High set protection setting will bypass all slope and monitoring function and trip the relay
immediately.
• Inrush current detection and blocking and cross blocking features.
• Overfluxing protection feature and their limits.
• Amplitude matching factor.
• Vector group compensation feature (Digital ICTs)
Amplitude Matching (MiCOM P63x)

Iref(wdg1) = 40x10^3/(sqrt(3)x 132) = 174.9

Iref(wdg2) = 40x10^3/(sqrt(3)x 11.5) = 2008

kamp(wdg1) = 200/174.9 = 1.143 (CT primary current/Refrence current)

kamp(wdg2) = 2400/2008 = 1.195


Simulations (Load Flow)
Simulation (Normal Condition)

Id = 1-1 = 0
Ir = 0.5 (1+1) = 0.5
Id < Ir
In this case, relay will be stable

Simulation (Internal Fault Condition)

Id = 32.12-3.3 = 28.82
Ir = 0.5 x (32.12+3.3) = 17.71
Id > Ir
In this case, relay will operate

Simulation (External Fault Condition)

Id = 8.292-38.293 = 0.001
Ir = 0.5 x (8.282+8.293) = 8.292
Id < Ir
In this case, relay will not operate
Any Question??

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