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(Week 04) Flow of Control (Repetition)

WIX1002

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9 views

(Week 04) Flow of Control (Repetition)

WIX1002

Uploaded by

qitengfeng27
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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WIX1002

Fundamentals of Programming
Semester 1 2015/2016

Chapter 4
Flow of Control (Repetition)
Contents
 Introduction
 while
 do-while
 for
 break
 continue
 label
 Common Error
Introduction
 A repetition flow specifies that an action is to be
repeated while some condition remains true.
 In Java, while, do-while and for statement are used for
the repetition flow.
 There are two types of loop namely count-controlled loop
and sentinel-controlled loop.
 Count-controlled loop executed the statements for a
fixed number of times.
 Sentinel-controlled loop executed the statements
repeatedly until the sentinel is encountered.
while
 A while statement executes a block of code repeatedly.
A condition controls how often the loop is executed.
while (condition)
statement;

// use brace { more than 1 statements


while (condition) {
statement1;
statement2;
statement3;
}
while
int number=1, sum=0;
while (number<=10) {
sum+=number;
number++;
}

boolean status = true;


while(status) {
number = k.nextInt();
if (number < 0 )
status = false;
}
do-while
 A do-while statement executes the body of the loop at
least once and perform condition check after the body
statements have been executed.
do
statement;
while (condition);

// use brace { more than 1 statements


do {
statement1;
statement2;
} while (condition);
do-while
int number=1, sum=0;
do {
sum+=number;
number++;
} while (number<=10);

boolean status = true;


do {
number = k.nextInt();
if (number > 0 )
status = false;
} while(status);
for
 A for statement is suitable for count-controlled loops. It
is used to step through some integer variable in equal
increments or decrements
for (initialization; condition; update)
statement;

// use brace { more than 1 statements


for (initialization; condition; update) {
statement1;
statement2;
statement3;
}
for
for (int num = 1; num <= 5; num++)
System.out.println("Counter is " + num);

for (int i=10; i>0; i--) {


sum +=i;
counter++;
}
break
 A break statement ends the nearest enclosing loop
statement
for (count = 1; count <= 10; count++) {
if ( count == 5 )
break; // break the loop when count is equal to 5
sum += count;
}
continue
 A continue statement ends the current loop body
iteration of the nearest enclosing loop statement and
proceeds with the next iteration of the loop

for (int count = 1; count <= 10; count++ ) {


if ( count == 5 )
continue; // skip remaining statement in the loop
// when count = 5
sum+=count;
}
label
 A label statement is used to label a loop statement.
The label statement can be used by the break statement
and the continue statement

stop: { // label statement


for (int row = 1; row <= 10; row++) {
for (int column = 1;column <= 5; column++) {
if ( row == 5 )
break stop; // break the stop loop statement
counter++;
}
}
Common Error
 An off by one error
 The loop iterates once too often or once too few times.
Check the condition and / or the initial value of the
counter.
 An infinite counting loop
 The counter is going the wrong way or doesn't change
at all. Make sure the counter change correctly in loop
 An infinite sentinel loop
 The new data are not input at the end of the loop body

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