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Principal of Operation Implementation Overview Objectives of The Thesis Basic Hardware

This document discusses the design and implementation of a stepper motor control system. It introduces stepper motor technology and its uses in various applications. The principal of operation is that a microcontroller sends positioning commands to a driver circuit that energizes the stepper motor coils sequentially to control the rotation direction and speed. The objectives are to control a stepper motor to open and close a door automatically based on motion detection. The basic hardware includes the stepper motor, microcontroller, driver circuit and programming to switch the transistor switches in the driver circuit and rotate the motor.

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Abul Kashem
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48 views

Principal of Operation Implementation Overview Objectives of The Thesis Basic Hardware

This document discusses the design and implementation of a stepper motor control system. It introduces stepper motor technology and its uses in various applications. The principal of operation is that a microcontroller sends positioning commands to a driver circuit that energizes the stepper motor coils sequentially to control the rotation direction and speed. The objectives are to control a stepper motor to open and close a door automatically based on motion detection. The basic hardware includes the stepper motor, microcontroller, driver circuit and programming to switch the transistor switches in the driver circuit and rotate the motor.

Uploaded by

Abul Kashem
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION
Introduction Principal of operation Implementation overview Objectives of the Thesis Basic hardware

1.1 Introduction
Motion Control, means to accurately control the movement of an object based on either speed, distance, load, inertia or a combination of all these factors. There are numerous types of motion control systems, including; Stepper Motor, Linear Step Motor, DC Brush, Brushless, Servo, Brushless Servo and more. This document will concentrate on Step Motor technology. Basically, a Stepper motor is a marvel in simplicity. It has no brushes, or contacts.Alternatively it's a synchronous motor with the magnetic field electronically switched to rotate the armature magnet around. Stepper motors are used in a variety of applications, including high and low propulsion technology, computer peripherals, machine tools, robotics, etc. The interest in this system has been steadily increasing requirements for accuracy and repeatability while at the same time placing ever tighter demands on the maximum and constancy of speed as well as position resolution. However it has a non-linear and coupled dynamic structure so we could use different control schemes to make the stepper more competitive to use in different levels of application.

1.2 Principal of operation


This projects overall goal was to rotate a stepper motor in a controll way. The project is not concerned with the design of the sensors, but with the design and implementation of the mechanical device to turn the rotor, the needed drive circuitry and the controlling software. The resulting project design goals are:

Speed The stepper motor must turn at a reasonably fast rate. This rate Position After a specific run the position of rotor is determined by

of rotation determined by the interval between two successive step the total steps in any single direction.

Direction The user must be able to rotate the rotor in two directions, The mechanical component used is a stepper motor. The shaft of the

clockwise and anti-clock wise. stepper motor is connected to a belt. Using a microcontroller interface, positioning commands were fed to the stepper motor via to the driver hardware. The hardware amplified the signals and relayed them to the stepper motor. Figure 1below clearly shows the design flow.

Input Command

Microcontroller

Driver circuit

Stepper Motor

Figure 1.1: Block diagram of Stepper motor microcontroller interface.

1.3 Implementation overview:


Microcontroller is the heart of this automated system. In this thesis work, one AVR micro controller(ATmega32) is used. Microcontroller used for switching the driver circuit of stepper motor . Hence the stepper motor is run.

1.4 Objectives of the Thesis:


The objective of the thesis is How the stepper motor can control the work through the designed program. Design such an automated system that can detect any motion in front or back side of a door ,Open and close the door as per requirement.

Cost cffective. Can be integrated into an existing door unit to automatically open/close the door. Easy to install. User friendly.

1.5 Basic hardware:


Stepper motor cannot run itself by power supply. So it needs a driver circuit to energize the stator coils sequentially. The main element of that driver circuit is switching transistors. It produces sufficient current to the motor coil. Transistors are switched by the microcontroller programming.Some times it is called soft switching . The switching sequence is produced by microcontroller programming using some microcontroller programming software. Hence the motor rotates with the given sequence. And we get a rotation for the motor.

1.6 Outline:
This thesis work consists of two major subjects such as microcontroller and Stepper motor. Chapter3 to chapter4 discuss about the microcontroller and stepper motor theory. Chapter2 and chapter5 discuss the automated system and its hardware requirement. Chapter6 and chepter7 discusses the implementation and result of the work and further development of this work. All programs are included in appendixes which are developed in this thesis work.

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