9E燃机极好的学习资料

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 Index 目录
1. Gas Turbine Principle & General Introduction
燃机原理及概况

2. Gas Turbine Structure

燃机本体结构

3. Gas Turbine Accessory Systems

燃机附属系统

4. Gas Turbine Control System

燃机控制系统

5. Gas Turbine Shipment Weight & Dimension

燃机运输重量及尺寸

6. Gas Turbine Erection Procedure

燃机安装步骤

7. Gas Turbine Commissioning Procedure

燃机调试规程

8. Gas Turbine Performance Procedure

燃机性能试验规程
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 Physics
Principle of Conservation of Mass:
mass in = mass out (Open System)
Principle of Conservation of Energy:
energy in = energy out
energy may be transformed from one form
to another (Power Plant converts Chemical to
Thermal to Mechanical to Electrical Energy)

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 First Law of Thermodynamics

General Energy Equation

energy in = energy out, or
 Q = W + DH
Example: 9FB Energy Balance
Where:
Q = 727 MW
 DH = total enthalpy change fluid entering
system
W= 281 MW
 Q = net thermal energy flowing into
system during process
 W = net work done by the system

DH4-1 = 446 MW

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 Second Law of Thermodynamics
Basic Principle: Heat moves from hot to cold

TH  TC
CarnotCycle  x 100
Entropy: TH
- Amount of energy which is unavailable to do work
- A measure of disorder

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 Ideal Brayton Cycle
Gas Turbine Application

Note: s denotes entropy

  1   1
P2  T2  P T 
    3   3 
P1  T1  P4  T4 

(T - T ) - (T - T )
 Work Output (MW) 3 4 2 1
= =
Cycle Heat Content (Fuel) (T - T )
3 2
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 Real Brayton Cycle
Compression and Turbine Expansion Inefficiencies

Typical Values for GE Turbines

Compressor Efficiency 0.86-0.89
Turbine Efficiency 0.90-0.93

Work Ideal
 compressor  LEGEND

Work Actual Ideal Cycle

With c & t
3

(T2  T1 ) Ideal
 compressor 
Temperature

(T2  T1 ) Actual

 1 
 P2 
T2Ideal  T1   4

 P1  1

Entropy

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 Real Brayton Cycle
Pressure Losses - Inlet, Combustor, Exhaust
Inlet Combustor Exhaust Typical Values for Turbine
Inlet Pressure Loss 3” H2O
Exhaust Back Pressure (SC) 5.5” H2O
Exhaust Back Pressure (CC) 15” H2O
DLN Combustor 6-7%
DP/P
ure
Press
rge
cha
or Dis
ss
pre
Com
LEGEND 3
Ideal Cycle Combustor DP
tion
With c & t Addi
Heat
With DP’s

Expansion
2
Temperature

sion
Compres

Exhaust DP

ient
Amb ure
s
Pres
4
Inlet DP
on
ejecti
Heat R
1

Entropy Page 8
 Real Brayton Cycle
Parasitic Flows for Turbine Cooling

LEGEND
Ideal Cycle
With c & t
With DP’s 9th stg.
Combustor DP 13th stg.
With Cooling Flows 3 Comp.
Comp.
bleed
bleed

CD
Temperature

Exhaust DP

Compressor
Bleed
4
Inlet DP

Entropy

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 Brayton Cycle – Gas Turbine
QADDED

Squeeze Burn Turn

1 2 3 4 Blow
Heat
Suck COMPRESSOR TURBIN Shaft
E Work
Exchanger

QREJECTED

3 The TURBINE

n
Expansio
Qin
transforms
TURBINE
Temperature

thermal energy
4 into mechanical
Compression

2 energy
COMPRESSOR (3 – 4) used for
1 driving the
Compressor &
Qout
Generator
Page 10
Entropy
World wide heavy-duty Gas Turbine
manufacturers

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 Evolution of GE Gas Turbines
Output 9 3000 RPM

7 3600 RPM 9FA+e 9FB

200MW 9F 9FA
5-6 5100-5230 RPM

3-6 6900-7100 RPM Firing T° >

7FB
1250°C
7FA+e
7F 7FA
9E
First air cooled bucket
100MW Firing T° > 1000°C
9B
7EA
7E 6FA+e
7A 7B 6FA

6A 6B 6C
5L 5P
Aero (CF6)
3.2
Year
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000
Page 12
Evolution of MHI Gas
Turbines

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Line-Up of MHI Gas Turbine

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The Efficiency and Power Output of MHI Gas Turbine

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MHI 701F / 701G Gas Turbine features

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Siemens Gas Turbines

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Siemens SGT5-4000F (V94.3A)

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Alstom GT26 Gas Turbine Features

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Alstom Gas Turbine Combined Cycle (50 Hz&60
Hz)

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 典型F级机组和E级机组的性能及参数
表 1：F级简单循环燃气轮机的参考性能（ISO标准参考条件）

生产厂商 GE SIEMENS MHI

型号 PG9351FA V94.3A M701F
功率（MW） 255.6 267 270
热效率（％） 37 38.7 38.2
空气流量（kg/s） 632.7 645 651
排气流量（kg/s） 659
压缩比 15.4 16.9 17.0
压气机级数 18 15 17
透平转子进口温度 1327 1310 1400*
（TRIT）（℃）
透平级数 3 4 4
透平排气温度（℃） 609 576 586
NOx排放量（天然气燃 25 25 25
料）(ppm)
机组重量（~t） 240 330 340
机组近似尺寸 22.6×5.0×5.4 12.5×6.1×7.5 17.3×5.8×5.8

注*：这是透平参考进口温度，即透平第一级喷嘴前的温度。

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表2：由F级燃气轮机组成的联合循环机组的参考性能（ISO标准参考条件）

生产厂商 GE SIEMENS MHI

型号 S109FA S209FA 1S.V94.3A 2S.V94.3A MPCP1 MPCP2

(M701F) (M701F)

CC功率(MW) 390.8 786.9 392 784 397.7 799.6

GT功率PGT (MW) 254.1 508.2 513.0 266.1 532.2

ST功率PST (MW) 141.8 289.2 281.5 131.6 267.4

PGT/PST 1.792 1.757 1.822 2.022 1.990

热效率（％） 56.7 57.1 57.4 57.3 57.0 57.3

燃机、汽机配置 1+1单轴 2+1 1+1单轴 2+1 1+1单轴 2+1

余热锅炉配置 三压再热 三压再热 三压再热 三压再热 三压再热 三压再热

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表 3：E 级简单循环燃气轮机的参考性能（ISO标准参考条件）

生产厂商 GE SIEMENS MHI

型号 PG9171E V94.2/V94.2A M701D

功率（MW） 123.4 157/192 144

热效率（％） 33.79 34.4/35.8 34.8

空气流量（kg/s） 403.7 510/522 441

排气流量（kg/s） 519/532

压缩比 12.3 11.1/14.0 14.0

压气机级数 17 17 19

透平转子进口温度 1124 1105/1290 1250*

（TRIT）（℃）
透平级数 3 4 4

透平排气温度（℃） 538 540/572 542

NOx排放量（天然气燃 25 25/25 25
料）(ppm)
机组重量（~t） 190 295/320 200

机组近似尺寸(m) 20×4.6×4.8 14×12.5×8.4 12.5×5.2×5.28

12.01×6.0×7.4
1
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表4: 由E级燃气轮机组成的联合循环机组的参考性能（ISO标准参考条件）

生产厂商 GE SIEMENS MHI

型号 S109E S209E 1.V94.2 2.V94.2 1.V94.2 2.V94.2 MPCP1 MPCP2

A A (M701D) (M701D)

CC功率(MW) 189.2 383.7 233 467.5 293.5 588 212.5 426.6

GT 功 率 PGT 121.6 243.2 152.0 304.0 367.0 142.1 284.2

(MW)

ST 功 率 PST 70.4 146.1 85.5 173.0 230.0 70.4 142.4

(MW)

PGT/PST 1.727 1.665 1.778 1.757 1.596 2.018 1.996

热效率（％） 52.0 52.7 51.7 51.8 55.1 55.0 51.4 51.6

燃机、汽机 1+1 2+1 1+1 2+1 1+1 2+1 1+1 2+1

配置

余热锅炉配 双压无 双压无 双压无 双压无 双压无 双压无 双压无 双压无

置 再热 再热 再热 再热 再热 再热 再热 再热

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GE Gas Turbines

9FA at Horizontal Assembly

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 Major Gas Turbine Components

KEY:
= Static
= Rotating
Combustion
Air Inlet Fuel Gas Exhaust

Cold End Compressor Turbine Hot End

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 GE Gas Turbines Family:
Evolutions and Performances

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 Evolution of Class F Gas Turbines
1986 87 88 89 1990 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 2000 2001 2002 2003

3000 RPM
1991 1992 50Hz Machines 1997 2002
9F 9FA 9FA+e 9FB
1260 Tfire 1288 Tfire 1327 Tfire 1396 Tfire

ScaleFactor = 1.2
3600 RPM
1986 60Hz Machines 1992 1996 1997 2000
7F 7FA 7FA+ 7FA+e 7FB
1260 Tfire 1288 Tfire 1316 Tfire 1327 Tfire 1370+ Tfire

SIZE ScaleFactor = 0.69

(Scaling Factor )
1994 2001
Firing Temperature, 6FA 6FA+e
1288 Tfire 1327 Tfire
(Technology, Materials) 5230 RPM
Geared Machines for 50 or 60Hz

Shorter Launch Cycles Technology matures faster

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Compressor

Multi-stages, Axial compressor

Through Bolted Disc Assy
Cast Compressor Casings
IGV for flow control
(1 stage IGV for E/F class)
Air discharged to Combustors

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 Combustion System

Can Annular Reverse Flow Chambers

Dual Fuel Capability (Gas - Liquid)
"Dry Low NOx" , Standard ,
or Low BTU Combustion Systems,
Water /Steam injection for emission
abatement

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Turbine ( Air cooled GT )
Air cooled Blades and Nozzles

• 3 Stage Turbine

Tip shrouded Blades

Rotor Assembly = Bolted Discs & Spacers

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Page 32
Siemens SGT6-
5000F

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 Firing Temperature
GE Defined at N1 Trailing Edge

Nozzle/Wheelspace Cooling Air

(Chargeable)

Firing Plane

N B N B N B Turbine
Combustor
1 1 2 2 3 3 Exit Flow

Combustor &
N1 Cooling Air
(Non-Chargeable)

Bucket/Wheelspace Cooling Air

(Chargeable)

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 Combined Cycle T-S Diagram

Combined Brayton and Rankin Cycle

Heat Source
T
COMBUSTION
TEMPERATURE

GAS TURBINE
TOPPING CYCLE

HRSG

STACK BOTTOMING CYCLE

CONDENSER
Heat Sink
ENTROPY S
5/

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 Gas Turbine Cycle Configurations
Simple Cycle Single-Shaft Combined CycleMulti-Shaft Combined Cycle
GT-Gen GT-ST-Gen Multi-GT-Gen & ST-Gen

• Short Cycle Installation • Single Unit Control System • Lower Centerline Height / Building
• Small Footprint • Single Generator & Electricals • Shorter Construction Time
• Peak Power Applications • Lower Initial Cost vs. Separate STG • Higher Base Load Efficiency
• Fast Start Capabilities • Smaller Footprint than multi-shaft • 2x1, 3x1, 4x1 …

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 Power Train – Center Line Equipment Variations
Hot End Drive (prior to 1990’s) Cold End Drive
Applied to Frames 51P, 6B,7EA,9E Applied to Frames 6FA, 7FA/FB, 9FA/FB,7H,9H

Stack
Inlet
Stack
Inlet

Gen
Acce Gen
Skid Skid

• Generator on the hot (Turbine) side of GT • Generator on the cold (Compressor) side of
• Used prior to 1990’s GT
• Shaft driven accessories • Modern F-class arrangement
• Complex packaging • Electric motor driven accessory skids
• Modular packaging
Complex Single-Shaft Power Train

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Examples of Combine Cycle Plant Arrangements

Single-shaft
CC

Multi-shaft CC
2 gas turbines + 1 steam turbine

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Energy Utilization/Loss in Combined Cycle Power
Plant

GT HRSG ST
POWER LOSSES LOSSES
(35.8%) (0.5%) (1%)

FUEL EXHAUST STEAM ST

POWER
HEAT (62.4%)
(100%) (54.8%) (20.9%)
to HRSG
to Gas
Turbine

GT LOSSES STACK LOSSES CONDENSER

(1.8%) (7.1%) (32.9%)

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 9FA Gas Turbine Power Plant General Layout

Electrical
& Controls

Power Island
HRSG

Gas Fuel &

Water
Treatment Yard
Cooling Tower

Liquid Fuel Demin. Administration

Yard Plant

Page 40
 9FA Gas Turbine Power Plant General Layout
Waste Water
Cooling
Tower Feedwater
Pump
Building
Water Treatment
HRSG
Water
GT/ST/Gen Pretreatment
Building Chemical
Condensate Area
Storage Tank
Exhaust
Stack
Electric & Control
Liquid Fuel
Building
Yard
Main Gas Metering
Transformer

Aux Boiler
Fuel Heater

Admin. Building

GT Inlet Warehouse Page 41

9E Gas Turbine General Layout A dobe A crobat
Document

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GE Gas Turbine Controls
Mark* VIe Control System - Hardware
 MK VIe Architecture

Plant Data Highway (TCP/IP, OPC, GSM, Modbus, PI Server, DNP 3.0)
Operator & Ethernet
Maintenance System 1® Historian
Stations Condition OSI PI
(HMI) Monitoring
Unit Data Highway (EGD, NTP…)
Ethernet
Controller(s) Controller(s)

PTP IEEE1588 100MB Ethernet PTP IEEE1588 100MB Ethernet TCP Panel

Turbine Driven-Load Process Process

I/O I/O I/O I/O

Remote Remote
I/O I/O

Rotating Machinery Control Process Control

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 Evolution of Control System

9H Combined Cycle

Networked I/O, 100MB Ethernet / Fiber

7FA Gas Turbine

VME Backplane, Ethernet, WIndows

Mark VI e
Mark V Mark VI
Proprietary Design

Industrial Steam

Governors,
Hydro, Wind
Turbine Control Turbine / Plant Control Governor / Plant Control
1991 1997 2003

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 MK VIe Enhancement

Processors I/O Packs Redundancy

1 Pack • Dual (Process Runs if Controller Fails)
Switches &
• Triple (Process Runs if Controller has
I/O Net
Partial or Complete Failure)
Simplex Simplex
Simplex
Distributed / Remote I/O
• Less Installation & Maintenance Cost
Dual Dual Dual • More Flexible Application

Triple
On-line Repair / I/O Packs
Triple Triple • Hot Swap in Redundant Systems
• Improved MTTR / Availability
Flexible Redundancy

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 MK VIe TMR Features

TMR configuration

Controller redundancy
I/O pack redundancy
Terminal board redundancy
local transimitters/transducers
2-oo-3 voting for digital inputs
Analog inputs voting

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 MK VIe Hardware

TCP Outline

Field Wiring
• Vertical Channels Controllers
• Top & Bottom
Cabinet Access
• Barrier Blocks
• Pluggable
• (2) 3.0mm2
(#12AWG) wires/pt Power Supplies

IONet Switches

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 MK VIe Hardware

TCP Controller Rack

Main Processor Board

• Compact PCI
• QNX Operating System
• Unit Data Highway, Ethernet
• IONet 100MB Ethernet

Optional Second Processor

Power Supply

 Processor 650MHz 1.66GHz

 Cache 256k bytes 1M byte
 Ram 128M bytes 256M bytes
 Flash 128M bytes 128M bytes
 Communication Dual 10/100 Full Duplex Ethernet
 Power 18 to 32Vdc

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 MK VIe Hardware

TCP I/O Packs

 Processor 32 Bit RISC CPU 266MHz

• I/O Packs Plug into Mk VI  Cache 32k bytes
Termination Boards  Ram 32M bytes
• Barrier & Box Type TBs  Flash 16M bytes
 Communication Dual 10/100 Full Duplex Ethernet
 Power 28Vdc

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 MK VIe Software

ToolboxST—configuration software

TooloboxST is the software tool for I/O definition, EGD configuration, and
control strategy programming.
EGD Configuration Control Logic Sheet

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 MK VIe Software

Cimplicity—HMI Display Editor

Cimplicity is the tool used for HMI (human-man interface) display and editor

Operation Menu

Live Data

Status
Feedback

Setpoint Pushbutton

Alarm
Window

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9FA Gas Turbine Weight & Dimension

9FA Component Weights and Dimensions

Item Lengt Width Height Weight
h (m) (m) (kg)
(m)
Accessory module 9.4 3.5 4.2 36,290

Turbine 10.5 4.7 5.0 288,000

Generator 10.9 5.3 4.2 275,108

a. Heaviest piece to be handled during erection: kg: 285,000

b. Heaviest piece to be handled during maintenance: kg 77,500
c. Shipping weight of heaviest piece: kg 288,000 Turbine

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 9E Gas Turbine Weight & Dimension

9E Component Weights and Dimensions

Item Length Width Height Weight

(m) (m) (m) (kg)
Gas 12.65 5.03 4.98 208,000
Turbine

a. Heaviest piece to be handled during erection: kg: 207,000

b. Heaviest piece to be handled during maintenance: kg 49,611 GT rotor
c. Shipping weight of heaviest piece: kg 208,000 Turbine

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 Gas Turbine Erection Procedure

安装过程包含了通用电气MS 9001FA燃气轮机所有设备、模块、管路、电缆 在现场的运输

吊装、就位、固定和安装的操作。

1 基础准备
基础准备包括燃气轮机、发电机和辅助模块的基础，迸气系统和排气系统的基础与附属模块的基础三
部分。

2 燃机主设备的安装

(1)安装燃气轮机和发电机的理想方法是配 备一台起重机，或者方法就是利用滑动装置，从卡车上
滚动到基础上然后就位。

(2)燃气轮机的就位
先在基础上放好燃机底部各类键销的固定架，再将燃气轮机吊装就位并搁置在底板和薄垫
片上，调整薄垫片直至正确的中心线高度。

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 Gas Turbine Erection Procedure
2 燃机主设备的安装

(3)安装负荷联轴节(入口端)
建议采用干冰冷套的方法。安装时螺栓的紧固要求是测量螺栓的伸长量。

(4)发电机的就位安装
取下发电机上的锁定装置,提高约25.4mm的距离(往换向器一端的方向)。在发电机的底板放置球面垫圈
和垫片层，调整薄垫片直至正确的中心线高度。

(5) 盘车装置的安装
安装人员应该对所有的螺栓进行装配和扭矩加载测试。

(6) 燃气轮机排气扩压段安装
先布置好排气扩压段两侧的弹簧支架，用吊车将排气扩压段吊装到弹簧支架上，穿入与排 缸连接的垂
直面的螺栓，待调整好开口间隙后再紧固此部分螺栓，以减少对燃气轮机本体的附加应力。安装排气
扩压段和外壳之间的绝缘材料。

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 Gas Turbine Erection Procedure
2 燃机主设备的安装

(7)最终的定位操作
首先应该将发电机与燃气轮机、盘车装置与发电机之间的位置确定好，然后根据要求进行设备的找
正找中心工作。注意事项：在进行最终的定位操作之前，排气扩压段应该装配在燃气轮机上。

3 安装辅助模块

(1)安装辅助模块
在基础底板上安装辅助模块。此模块包含润滑油箱、润滑油过滤器、润滑油泵和马达、润滑油冷却
器、液压控制油泵和马达、液压蓄电池、密封油泵、提升油泵、润滑油蒸汽去雾器和过滤器、
气体燃料设备。并按照厂商的说明书来定位油泵和马达。

注意事项：辅助模块的基础上没有地脚螺栓。此模块被设计安装在底板上，它包括一个定位销
和一个导向销，可以向一端滑动，以补偿热膨胀。模块上的中心定位销靠近燃气轮机端。

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 Gas Turbine Erection Procedure
3 安装辅助模块

(2)安装燃料和雾化空气的模块及电气控制室(PEECC)。
注意事项：液体燃料和雾化空气模块安装在6个支撑腿上。PEECC 模块安装在8个支撑腿上。

(3)安装注水模块、消防模块、水冷却模块、液体燃料前置模块、空气处理器模块、水洗模块等
六个模块。

(4)安装冷却风扇模块。

(5)安装LCI和励磁机、绝缘／触发变压器、总线辅助室。

(6)安装和装配封闭母线

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 Gas Turbine Erection Procedure
4 罩壳和平台的安装
(1)基础划线，并布置与安装罩壳底部和第一层框架。

(2)安装发电机和燃气轮机罩壳：依次安装上部框架和面板。注意此处有封闭母线出线排的
管道与其他的管道，应和罩壳一起安装。

(3)安装排气风扇和阻尼器，安装通道、平台和楼梯。同时在燃气轮机和发电机的护栏底部安
装一个防止老鼠啃咬的装置。

5 安装空气进气系统
(1)安装空气进气室的强制通风系统

(2)安装空气进气风道系统
注意事项：安装人员应该确保风道之间的所有接合面都是防水的或者密封的。

(3)安装空气进气过滤室
注意事项: 安装精细过滤筒一般在机组第一次运行前30天进行。
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 Gas Turbine Erection Procedure
6 排气烟道的安装

(1)布置好排气烟道的底部钢结构。

(2)装配和焊接排气烟道的四个部分，上面两部分和下面两部分应该在水平连接处通过螺栓连接法兰
盘来进行定位。

(3)在排气烟道的外表安装保温材料。

(4)安装排气扩散段和排气烟道之间的膨胀节。膨胀节是由两个拼装而成的不锈钢环搭
接组成的。
注意事项：排气烟道和锅炉进口烟道之间的膨胀节应该由锅炉制造商提供并安装。

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7 基础上的管道安装

在安装燃气轮机发电机时， 一般由通用电气公司提供各种on-base部分的管道(包括支撑架、
调节装置和各种仪器)。
注意事项：如果部分管道在出厂之前已经装配到燃气轮机上了，那么剩下的管道和管件一般
是装在集装箱中运抵现场。此部分的部件号码在集装箱内的管件储放柜上有明显标示，每根管道上也有
标记牌，便于安装前清点。

8 基础外的管道安装

Off-base的管道一般是指外部设备(非GE供货)与GE模块或燃气轮机、发电机之间的管道，
以及部分GE模块与主设备之间的管路。管路系统设计由业主委托设计院完成，施工单位进行施
工。安装水和二氧化碳管道和液体燃料管道，空气进气加热管道，排放管，水洗管道，消防管道和
放空管共七种。

警告：在对任何管道和部件进行焊接之前，应该确保所有的设备都已经正确接地了，这样可避免出现
过大的电流。在对设备进行焊接操作时，应尽量使接地点靠近工作位置。
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9 装配电气部分

安装各个电气控制元件包括所有导线、管道、仪表、控制装置、接线盒和电气材料的安装，这些材
料用在燃气轮机、发电机、电气控制室(PEECC)、辅助模块和液体燃料／雾化空气模块上。
注意：只有在被允许的前提下才能安装与连接从发电机至主变的封闭母线。

10 基础外的模块上的电气安装

根据GE的安装图纸来安装所有的控制设备和仪表(压力和温度开关、测仪表、振动开关、液位指示、
低位开关／报警器)。

11 安装业主购买的电气设备

由业主提供的十种电气设备：天然气测量管 和测量孔，低量程压差计，高量程压差计，压力变送器
，天然气测量热电偶，天然气监测系统，进气传感器和排气传感器, 湿度传感器性能监视器和发电
机出线等。

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12 其它设备的电气安装和6.6kV的VAC电源(BOP)

13 电力供应：安装人员负责提供动力电缆, 连接GE公司提供的设备和业主提供的设备．

14 辅助动力装置(6．6kV～4125 VAC)：安装辅助动力电缆和互连导线．

15 辅助总线 / LCI室：安装互连导线。

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Gas Turbine Commissioning Procedure –
9FA

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 Gas Turbine Performance Test Procedure

1. The Purpose: to measure the performance of the gas turbine-

generator units in accordance with the purchase contract.
2. The evaluation procedure: To utilize correction factors to translate
the measured performance at the test conditions to the rated
conditions
3. The performance test international standard:
Simple Cycle: ASME PTC 22
Combined Cycle: ASME PTC 46
4. The performance specifications:
Power Output xxx,xxx kW
Heat Rate, LHV xxx,xxx kJ/kWh
Gas Turbine Exhaust Temperature xxx.x °C
Gas Turbine Exhaust Available Energy xxx.x GJ/hr

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5. Rated Conditions
 Ambient air temperature xx oC
 Ambient air relative humidity xx %
 Barometric pressure x.xxx bar (xx.xx psi)
 Gas Turbine Shaft Speed xxxx rpm
 Generator power factor x.xx (lagging)
 Gas turbine conditions New and Clean, ≤ xxx Fired Hours
 Inlet system pressure drop (@ contract rated conditions) xx.x mm H2O (x inH2O)
 Exhaust system pressure drop (@contract rated conditions) xxx.x mm
 Fuel Natural Gas
 Fuel supply temperature xxx oC (xxx.x oF)
 Fuel composition % volume
• Nitrogen (N2) xx.xx
• Methane (CH4) xx.xx
• Ethane (C2H6) xx.xx
• Propane (C3H8) xx.xx
 Fuel lower heating value xx,xxx
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6. Division of Test Responsibilities
Test Activity Conducting Party Witnessing
Party
 Prepare the thermal performance test procedure
 Provide special instrumentation as specified herein
 Provide suitable containers for the collection of fuel samples
 Perform required station instrumentation calibration checks
 Witness / Assist station instrumentation calibration checks
 Install special test instrumentation
 Direct the installation of special test instrumentation
 Obtain calibration records and/or flow section dimensions for the fuel flow section
 Execute of test program
 Witness execution of test program
 Provide copies of pertinent measured data to involved parties
 Arrange for third party analysis of fuel samples
 Remove special test instrumentation
 Calculate corrected performance results and provide preliminary results
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 Gas Turbine Performance Test Procedure

7. Measurement and Instrumentation

Performance test data are of two classes:
Primary Data used for performance test calculations
Secondary Data not used for performance test calculations, but required for reference or diagnostic
purposes

8. Pre-Test Preparation
An off-line water wash of the gas turbine compressor
The calibration and proper operation of the control system
pertinent station instrumentation and measurement devices, and recording systems will be verified

9. Conducting the Test

For each unit, a minimum of three (3) test runs per rated case listed will be
conducted.

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In accordance with paragraph 3.3.4 of ASME PTC 22-1997:
 Each test run will be conducted over a thirty (30) minute time period.
 Manual data will be recorded at least five (5) minute intervals
 Electronic control system and data acquisition data will be recorded at least one (1) minute intervals
 As a minimum, a set of two (2) fuel samples will be taken at the beginning and end of each test run
 All data files, electronic and/or copies of the manual data hard copy sheets relevant for performance
testing and evaluation purposes will be given to the witnessing party immediately after the test.
 Deviations from the procedure in any aspect of the test program should be discussed by the Conducting
Party and the Witnessing Party.

10. Evaluation

Calculation formula check and confirmation

The correction curves will be used to account for the difference between the rated value and the
measured value for each parameter

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 Gas Turbine Performance Test Procedure
Performance Correction Curves Examples

 Compressor Inlet Temperature vs. Output

 Compressor Inlet Relative Humidity vs. Output
 Barometric Pressure vs. Output
 Shaft Speed vs. Output
 Generator Power Factor vs. Output
 Total Fired Hours vs. Output
 Inlet System Pressure Drop vs. Output
 Exhaust System Back Pressure vs. Output
 Fuel Composition vs. Output
 Fuel Supply Temperature vs. Output
 Compressor Inlet Temperature vs. Heat Rate
 Compressor Inlet Relative Humidity vs. Heat Rate
 Barometric Pressure vs. Heat Rate
 Shaft Speed vs. Heat Rate

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 Gas Turbine Performance Test Procedure
Performance Correction Curves
Examples
 Generator Power Factor vs. Heat Rate
 Total Fired Hours vs. Heat Rate
 Inlet System Pressure Drop vs. Heat Rate
 Exhaust System Back Pressure vs. Heat Rate
 Fuel Composition vs. Heat Rate
 Fuel Supply Temperature vs. Heat Rate
 Compressor Inlet Temperature vs. Exhaust Temp
 Compressor Inlet Relative Humidity vs. Exhaust
Temp
 Barometric Pressure vs. Exhaust Temp
 Shaft Speed vs. Exhaust Temp
 Generator Power Factor vs. Exhaust Temp
 Total Fired Hours vs. Exhaust Temp
 Inlet System Pressure Drop vs. Exhaust Temp
 Exhaust System Back Pressure vs. Exhaust Temp
 Fuel Composition vs. Exhaust Temp

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11. Comparison to Guarantees

 Instrument Uncertainty
 Test Tolerance

GEK 107551a - Standard Field Performance Testing Philosophy

For testing per these guidelines, these uncertainties are expected to be:
 Power Output +/- 2 %
 Heat Rate, Gas Fuel +/- 1.7 %
 Heat Rate, Oil Fuel +/- 1.45 %
 Exhaust Gas Temperature +/- 11F
 Exhaust Gas Flow +/- 3.3 %
 Exhaust Gas Energy, Gas Fuel +/- 3.35 %
 Exhaust Gas Energy, Oil Fuel +/- 3.1 %
The test uncertainties will be considered to be minimum tolerance bands
in the commercial evaluation of the test.

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Thank You

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